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At least 1,027 records · Page 57

Final Technical Report for DoE award DE‐SC0023367 “Energetic Electron Transport in Magnetized Plasma with Magnetic Islands”

This project investigated how plasmas interact with energetic particles and solid materials under extreme conditions relevant to fusion energy, space plasmas, and planetary environments. Using experiments on the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, the research first examined how high-energy electrons move, become trapped, and are released in plasmas containing magnetic islands—structures commonly found in fusion reactors and Earth’s magnetosphere—providing new insight into particle transport and acceleration processes. The project also explored plasma-driven chemical reactions that can occur during meteoroid entry into planetary atmospheres, demonstrating that simple molecules such as ammonia can be produced and survive in high-temperature plasma conditions. Together, these results improve understanding of plasma behavior across laboratory, space, and planetary systems while informing fusion plasma control and plasma–material interaction studies. The project additionally contributed to workforce development by training graduate students, undergraduates, and early-career researchers and by disseminating results through peer-reviewed publications and international scientific conferences.

Orlov, Dmitri Mikhailovich [UC San Diego] (ORCID:0↗

Ground state energy and magnetization curve of a frustrated magnetic system from real-time evolution on a digital quantum processor

Models of interacting many-body quantum systems that may realize new exotic phases of matter, notably quantum spin liquids, are challenging to study using even state-of-the-art classical methods such as tensor network simulations. Quantum computing provides a promising route for overcoming these difficulties to find ground states, dynamics, and more. In this paper, we argue that recently developed hybrid quantum-classical algorithms based on real-time evolution are promising methods for solving a particularly important model in the search for spin liquids, the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the two-dimensional kagome lattice. We show how to construct efficient quantum circuits to implement time evolution for the model and to evaluate key observables on the quantum computer, and we argue that the method has favorable scaling with increasing system size. We then restrict to a 12-spin star plaquette from the kagome lattice and a related 8-spin system, and we give an empirical demonstration on these small systems that the hybrid algorithms can efficiently find the ground state energy and the magnetization curve. For these demonstrations, we use four levels of approximation: exact state vectors, exact state vectors with statistical noise from sampling, noisy classical emulators, and (for the 8-spin system only) real quantum hardware, specifically the Quantinuum H1-1 processor; for the noisy simulations and hardware demonstration, we also employ error mitigation strategies based on the symmetries of the Hamiltonian. Our results strongly suggest that these hybrid algorithms present a promising direction for studying quantum spin liquids and more generally for resolving important unsolved problems in condensed matter theory and beyond.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Heavy metal multilayers for switching of magnetic unit via electrical current without magnetic field, method and applications

Provided is an electric-current-controllable magnetic unit, including: a substrate, an electric-current channel disposed on the substrate, the electric-current channel including a composite heavy-metal multilayer comprising at least one heavy-metal; a capping layer disposed over the electric-current channel; and at least one ferromagnetic layer disposed between the electric-current channel and the capping layer.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Structural disorder and magnetism in the spin-gapless semiconductor CoFeCrAl

Disordered CoFeCrAl and CoFeCrSi{sub 0.5}Al{sub 0.5} alloys have been investigated experimentally and by first-principle calculations. The melt-spun and annealed samples all exhibit Heusler-type superlattice peaks, but the peak intensities indicate a substantial degree of B2-type chemical disorder. Si substitution reduces the degree of this disorder. Our theoretical analysis also considers several types of antisite disorder (Fe-Co, Fe-Cr, Co-Cr) in Y-ordered CoFeCrAl and partial substitution of Si for Al. The substitution transforms the spin-gapless semiconductor CoFeCrAl into a half-metallic ferrimagnet and increases the half-metallic band gap by 0.12 eV. Compared CoFeCrAl, the moment of CoFeCrSi{sub 0.5}Al{sub 0.5} is predicted to increase from 2.01 μ{sub B} to 2.50 μ{sub B} per formula unit, in good agreement with experiment.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Rotation profile flattening and toroidal flow shear reversal due to the coupling of magnetic islands in tokamaks

The electromagnetic coupling of helical modes, even those having different toroidal mode numbers, modifies the distribution of toroidal angular momentum in tokamak discharges. This can have deleterious effects on other transport channels as well as on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability and disruptivity. At low levels of externally injected momentum, the coupling of core-localized modes initiates a chain of events, whereby flattening of the core rotation profile inside successive rational surfaces leads to the onset of a large m/n = 2/1 tearing mode and locked-mode disruption. With increased torque from neutral beam injection, neoclassical tearing modes in the core may phase-lock to each other without locking to external fields or structures that are stationary in the laboratory frame. The dynamic processes observed in these cases are in general agreement with theory, and detailed diagnosis allows for momentum transport analysis to be performed, revealing a significant torque density that peaks near the 2/1 rational surface. However, as the coupled rational surfaces are brought closer together by reducing q{sub 95}, additional momentum transport in excess of that required to attain a phase-locked state is sometimes observed. Rather than maintaining zero differential rotation (as is predicted to be dynamically stable by single-fluid, resistive MHD theory), these discharges develop hollow toroidal plasma fluid rotation profiles with reversed plasma flow shear in the region between the m/n = 3/2 and 2/1 islands. The additional forces expressed in this state are not readily accounted for, and therefore, analysis of these data highlights the impact of mode coupling on torque balance and the challenges associated with predicting the rotation dynamics of a fusion reactor—a key issue for ITER.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Computational search for itinerant n -type and p -type magnetic semiconductors: Arsenopyrites as bipolar magnetic semiconductors

We report a computational search for three-dimensional bulk ferromagnetic semiconductors based on itinerant Stoner physics. Stoner-based ferromagnetic semiconductors require an unusual combination of high band edge density of states and moderate transport effective mass. Nonetheless, several potential materials are found. Here, we identify arsenopyrites, exemplified by FeAsS, as materials that, with suitable doping, exhibit ferromagnetic semiconducting behavior for both n- and p-type dopants. The existence of a material that becomes ferromagnetic for both p and n types may enable device concepts, for example, ferromagnetic p–n junction devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Spontaneous Magnetic Superdomain Wall Fluctuations in an Artificial Antiferromagnet.

Collective dynamics often play an important role in determining the stability of ground states for both naturally occurring materials and metamaterials. We studied the temperature dependent dynamics of antiferromagnetically ordered superdomains in a square artificial spin lattice using soft x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. We observed an exponential slowing down of superdomain wall motion below the antiferromagnetic onset temperature, similar to the behavior of typical bulk antiferromagnets. Using a continuous time random walk model we show that these superdomain walls undergo low-temperature ballistic and high-temperature diffusive motions.

Chen, X. M.↗

Iso-nuclear tungsten dielectronic recombination rates for use in magnetically-confined fusion plasmas

Under the auspices of the IAEA Atomic and Molecular Data Center and the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, our assembled group of authors has reviewed the current state of dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for various ion stages of tungsten (W). Subsequent recommendations were based upon available experimental data, first-principle calculations carried out in support of this paper and from available recombination data within existing atomic databases. If a recommendation was possible, data were compiled, evaluated and fitted to a functional form with associated uncertainty information retained, where available. This paper also considers the variation of the W fractional abundance due to the underlying atomic data when employing different data sets.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗