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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,045 records · Page 58
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DOE OSTI2011

Causal electromagnetic interaction equations

For the electromagnetic interaction of two particles the relativistic causal quantum mechanics equations are proposed. These equations are solved for the case when the second particle moves freely. The initial wave functions are supposed to be smooth and rapidly decreasing at the infinity. This condition is important for the convergence of the integrals similar to the integrals of quantum electrodynamics. We also consider the singular initial wave functions in the particular case when the second particle mass is equal to zero. The discrete energy spectrum of the first particle wave function is defined by the initial wave function of the free-moving second particle. Choosing the initial wave functions of the free-moving second particle it is possible to obtain a practically arbitrary discrete energy spectrum.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields varying moderately rapidly in space

Electromagnetic fields are considered which vary on the space scale of the geometric mean of the Larmor radius and the much larger scale length of variation of the magnetic field lines. It is first shown that the magnetic moment is an adiabatic invariant, even though the usual arguments for its existence fail. The motion of the guiding center is then examined. For perpendicular drifts in magnitude comparable with the particle speed, the subsequent motion is dominated by electrostatic effects. The motion of particles along the field lines occurs on a much slower time scale than the perpendicular drift time scale. When the guiding center motion is approximately periodic in time, a second adiabatic invariant exists, the magnetic flux enclosed by the almost periodic orbit. When the perpendicular drift is small compared with the particle speed, the parallel motion and the perpendicular drift occur on the same, slow timescale.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Enhanced nonlinear interaction of powerful electromagnetic waves with ionospheric plasma near the second electron gyroharmonic

Plasma experiments in which a powerful electromagnetic pump wave is transmitted into the ionosphere from the ground give access to a rich range of phenomena, including gyroharmonic effects when the pump frequency is near an harmonic of the ionospheric electron gyrofrequency. For pump frequencies close to the second gyroharmonic, experiments show a strong enhancement, as observed in radar scatter from pump-induced geomagnetic field-aligned density striations and optical emissions. This is in contrast to the case at the third harmonic and higher at which most of the effects are instead suppressed. We show theoretically that electrostatic oscillations can be localized in density inhomogeneities associated with small scale striations. The localized field is a mixture of the electron Bernstein and upper hybrid modes when the pump frequency is near the second gyroharmonic. The coupling of the modes is enabled by a symmetry feature of the linear electron Bernstein and upper hybrid dispersion properties that occur only near the second gyroharmonic. Electron acceleration inside the density inhomogeneities by localized azimuthal electrostatic oscillations is more efficient near the second gyroharmonic than at higher frequencies, consistent with the observed enhancements.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dispersion relation for gauge-free electromagnetic drift kinetics

Recently, a new approach to gyrokinetics, invariant under electromagnetic gauge transformations, was developed. The gyrocenter equations of motion are now expressed in terms of the perturbed fields instead of the potentials, in a form suitable for numerical simulations and analytic studies. In this paper, we verify that the long-wavelength limit, i.e., the drift-kinetic limit of the new gyrokinetic theory, is in line with existing work, providing a solid foundation for simulations. Here, we compute the dispersion relation of the new drift-kinetic theory in slab geometry and find agreement with a long-wavelength limit of the full Vlasov–Maxwell model.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

FDTD modeling of induced polarization phenomena in transient electromagnetics

The finite-difference time-domain scheme is augmented in order to treat the modelling of transient electromagnetic signals containing induced polarization effects from 3-D distributions of polarizable media. Compared to the non-dispersive problem, the discrete dispersive Maxwell system contains costly convolution operators. Key components to our solution for highly digitized model meshes are Debye decomposition and composite memory variables. We revert to the popular Cole-Cole model of dispersion to describe the frequency-dependent behaviour of electrical conductivity. Its inversely Laplace-transformed Debye decomposition results in a series of time convolutions between electric field and exponential decay functions, with the latter reflecting each Debye constituents' individual relaxation time. Finally, these function types in the discrete-time convolution allow for their substitution by memory variables, annihilating the otherwise prohibitive computing demands. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of our algorithm.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2010

Electromagnetically induced transparency in an open {Lambda}-type molecular lithium system

We present an experimental study of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a {Lambda}-type molecular lithium system. Copropagating beam geometry is utilized in order to minimize the residual Doppler width. A coupling laser power dependent study of the EIT feature is carried out. Our findings have been complemented by theoretical studies of open systems that trace the presence of EIT starting from the density-matrix equations. Numerical simulations have been performed and are in good agreement with the experimental results.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Vector magnetometry based on electromagnetically induced transparency in linearly polarized light

We develop a generalized principle of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) vector magnetometry based on high-contrast EIT resonances and the symmetry of atom-light interaction in the linearly polarized bichromatic fields. Operation of such vector magnetometer on the D{sub 1} line of {sup 87}Rb has been demonstrated. The proposed compass-magnetometer has an increased immunity to shifts produced by quadratic Zeeman and ac-Stark effects, as well as by atom-buffer gas and atom-atom collisions. In our proof-of-principle experiment the detected angular sensitivity to magnetic field orientation is 10{sup -3} deg/Hz{sup 1/2}, which is limited by laser intensity fluctuations, light polarization quality, and magnitude of the magnetic field.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Asymptotic entanglement dynamics phase diagrams for two electromagnetic field modes in a cavity

We investigate theoretically an open dynamics for two modes of electromagnetic field inside a microwave cavity. The dynamics is Markovian and determined by two types of reservoirs: the ''natural'' reservoirs due to dissipation and temperature of the cavity, and an engineered one, provided by a stream of atoms passing trough the cavity, as devised by Pielawa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 240401 (2007)]. We found that, depending on the reservoir parameters, the system can have distinct ''phases'' for the asymptotic entanglement dynamics: it can disentangle at finite time or it can have persistent entanglement for large times, with the transition between them characterized by the possibility of asymptotical disentanglement. Incidentally, we also discuss the effects of dissipation on the scheme proposed in the above reference for generation of entangled states.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dynamics of slow light and light storage in a Doppler-broadened electromagnetically-induced-transparency medium: A numerical approach

We present a numerical scheme to study the dynamics of slow light and light storage in an electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) medium at finite temperatures. Allowing for the motional coupling, we derive a set of coupled Schroedinger equations describing a boosted closed three-level EIT system according to the principle of Galilean relativity. The dynamics of a uniformly moving EIT medium can thus be determined by numerically integrating the coupled Schroedinger equations for atoms plus one ancillary Maxwell-Schroedinger equation for the probe pulse. The central idea of this work rests on the assumption that the loss of ground-state coherence at finite temperatures can be ascribed to the incoherent superposition of density matrices representing the EIT systems with various velocities. Close agreements are demonstrated in comparing the numerical results with the experimental data for both slow light and light storage. In particular, the distinct characters featuring the decay of ground-state coherence can be well verified for slow light and light storage. This warrants that the current scheme can be applied to determine the decaying profile of the ground-state coherence as well as the temperature of the EIT medium.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Photoelectron emission from LiF surfaces by ultrashort electromagnetic pulses

Energy- and angle-resolved electron emission spectra produced by incidence of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses on a LiF(001) surface are studied by employing a distorted-wave method named the crystal surface-Volkov (CSV) approximation. The theory makes use of the Volkov phase to describe the action of the external electric field on the emitted electron, while the electron-surface interaction is represented within the tight-binding model. The CSV approach is applied to investigate the effects introduced by the crystal lattice when the electric field is oriented parallel to the surface plane. These effects are essentially governed by the vector potential of the external field, while the influence of the crystal orientation was found to be negligible.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Light storage in an optically thick atomic ensemble under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency and four-wave mixing

We study the modification of a traditional electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) stored-light technique that includes both EIT and four-wave mixing (FWM) in an ensemble of hot Rb atoms. The standard treatment of light storage involves the coherent and reversible mapping of one photonic mode onto a collective spin coherence. It has been shown that unwanted, competing processes such as four-wave mixing are enhanced by EIT and can significantly modify the signal optical pulse propagation. We present theoretical and experimental evidence to indicate that, while a Stokes field is indeed detected upon retrieval of the signal field, any information originally encoded in a seeded Stokes field is not independently preserved during the storage process. We present a simple model that describes the propagation dynamics of the fields and the impact of FWM on the spin wave.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Numerical studies of the interaction of an atomic sample with the electromagnetic field in two dimensions

We consider the interaction of electromagnetic radiation of arbitrary polarization with multilevel atoms in a self-consistent manner, taking into account both spatial and temporal dependencies of local fields. This is done by numerically solving the corresponding system of coupled Maxwell-Liouville equations for various geometries. In particular, we scrutinize linear optical properties of nanoscale atomic clusters, demonstrating the significant role played by collective effects and dephasing. It is shown that subwavelength atomic clusters exhibit two resonant modes, one of which is localized slightly below the atomic transition frequency of an individual atom, while the other is positioned considerably above it. As an initial exploration of future applications of this approach, the optical response of core-shell nanostructures, with a core consisting of silver and a shell composed of resonant atoms, is examined.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Consistency of certain constitutive relations with quantum electromagnetism

Recent work by Philbin [New J. Phys. 12, 123008 (2010)] has provided a Lagrangian theory that establishes a general method for the canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field in any dispersive, lossy, linear dielectric. Working from this theory, we extend the Lagrangian description to reciprocal and nonreciprocal magnetoelectric (bianisotropic) media, showing that some versions of the constitutive relations are inconsistent with a real Lagrangian, and hence with quantization. This amounts to a restriction on the magnitude of the magnetoelectric coupling. Moreover, from the point of view of quantization, moving media are shown to be fundamentally different from stationary magnetoelectrics, despite the formal similarity in the constitutive relations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Electromagnetic field of a moving charge in the presence of a left-handed medium

We analyze the electromagnetic field of a moving point charge in the presence of a 'left-handed' medium (LHM). First, the case of uniform motion of the charge in infinite LHM was considered. Using complex function theory methods, we decomposed the total field into a 'quasi-Coulomb' field, a wave field (Cherenkov radiation) and a 'plasma trace'. In addition, an effective numerical algorithm was developed for the total field computation, and typical plots were presented. It was shown that the wave field in LHM lags behind the charge more so than it does in ordinary medium. Furthermore, we investigated a charge intersecting the interface between vacuumlike medium and LHM. Asymptotic expressions for the field components were obtained and algorithms for their computation were developed. The spatial radiation can be separated into three distinct components, corresponding to ordinary transition radiation with a relatively large magnitude, Cherenkov radiation and reversed Cherenkov-transition radiation (RCTR). Rigorous conditions for generating RCTR were obtained: RCTR in the vacuum area was found to be the double threshold effect in both frequency and charge velocity domain. The RCTR decay in vacuum due to the losses in LHM was studied. Areas of the RCTR significance were determined and were found to be sufficiently large for observation. Possible applications to the beam diagnostics and the characterization of metamaterials were suggested.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Electromagnetic production of kaons near threshold

Kaon photo- and electroproduction off a proton near the production threshold are investigated by utilizing an isobar model. The background amplitude of the model is constructed from Feynman diagrams, whereas the resonance term is calculated by using the multipole formalism. It is found that both pseudoscalar and pseudovector models can nicely describe the available photoproduction data up to W=50 MeV above the threshold. The {Lambda} resonance S{sub 01}(1800) is found to play an important role in improving the model. In the case of double polarization observables O{sub x}{sup '} and O{sub z}{sup '} our result corroborates the finding of Sandorfi et al. (arXiv:0912.3505 [nucl-th]). Due to the large contributions of the K{sup *} and K{sub 1} vector mesons, extending the model to the case of electroproduction is almost impossible unless either special form factors that strongly suppress their contributions are introduced or all hadronic coupling constants are refitted to both photo- and electroproduction databases, simultaneously. It is also concluded that investigation of the kaon electromagnetic form factor is not recommended near the threshold region.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Photo- and electroproduction of K{sup 0{Lambda}} near threshold and effects of the K{sup 0} electromagnetic form factor

By extending our previous isobar model to the K{sup 0{Lambda}} isospin channel, we investigate the properties of the K{sup 0{Lambda}} photo- and electroproduction at energies near threshold. It is found that the pseudovector coupling yields significantly larger cross sections. Variation of the K{sub 1} coupling constants has significant effect only on the pseudovector model. The electromagnetic form factor of the neutral kaon K{sup 0} is found to have a sizable effect on the longitudinal cross section of the K{sup 0{Lambda}} electroproduction near the threshold.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dressing the electromagnetic nucleon current

A field-theory-based approach to pion photoproduction off the nucleon is used to derive a microscopically consistent formulation of the fully dressed electromagnetic nucleon current in an effective Lagrangian formalism. It is shown how the rigorous implementation of local gauge invariance at all levels of the reaction dynamics provides equations that lend themselves to practically manageable truncations of the underlying nonlinearities of the problem. The requirement of consistency also suggests a novel way of treating the pion photoproduction problem. Guided by a phenomenological implementation of gauge invariance for the truncated equations that has proved successful for pion photoproduction, an expression for the fully dressed nucleon current is given that satisfies the Ward-Takahashi identity for a fully dressed nucleon propagator as a matter of course. Possible applications include meson photo- and electroproduction processes, bremsstrahlung, Compton scattering, and ee{sup '} processes off nucleons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Nonminimal coupling for the gravitational and electromagnetic fields: Traversable electric wormholes

We discuss new exact solutions of a three-parameter nonminimal Einstein-Maxwell model. The solutions describe static spherically symmetric objects with and without center, supported by an electric field nonminimally coupled to gravity. We focus on a unique one-parameter model, which admits an exact solution for a traversable electrically charged wormhole connecting two universes, one asymptotically flat the other asymptotically de Sitter ones. The relation between the asymptotic mass and charge of the wormhole and its throat radius is analyzed. The wormhole solution found is thus a nonminimal realization of Wheeler's idea about charge without charge and shows that, if the world is somehow nonminimal in the coupling of gravity to electromagnetism, then wormhole appearance, or perhaps construction, is possible.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗