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In this Letter, we propose a method for quantitative assessment of the explosion and fire hazards of lithium–thionyl chloride elements, describe an experimental setup, and present the results of experiments with lithium–thionyl chloride elements of D and DD sizes.
Here, this work investigates the ignition and flame development processes of low reactivity fuel combustion under compression ignition conditions based on the large eddy simulation approach. The chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) is employed to characterize the local combustion features, including gas-liquid fuel zone, auto-ignition, diffusion-assisted, extinction, cool flame and post-ignition zone, among which auto-ignition and post-ignition are found to play a key role in the overall heat release process. The local flame propagation modes in gasoline compression ignition (GCI) are determined by quantifying the relative magnitude of diffusion/chemistry at a representative progress variable in the pre-ignition zone. The results show that autoignition fronts and deflagration waves exist simultaneously in the ignition and intense high temperature heat release (HTHR) stages, but autoignition fronts dominate. In addition, the chemical kinetic processes of four heat release periods are analyzed. The heat release during the ignition period is found to be dominated by the reactions CH 3 + H (+M) <=> CH 4 (+M) and CH 3 CHO + H <=> CH 2 CHO + H 2 . The reaction CH 2 OH + OH <=> CH 2 O + H 2 O always plays an important role in the heat releases during the other three combustion stages including intense HTHR, moderate HTHR and post-combustion.
In this article, we evaluate adding a weak physics constraint, that is, a physics‐based empirical relationship, to the loss function with a physics‐informed manner in local distance explosion discrimination in the hope of improving the generalization capability of the machine learning (ML) model. We compare the proposed model with the two‐branch model we previously developed, as well as with a pure data‐driven model. Unexpectedly, the proposed model did not consistently outperform the pure data‐driven model. By varying the level of inconsistency in the training data, we find this approach is modulated by the strength of the physics relationship. In conclusion, this result has important implications for how to best incorporate physical constraints in ML models.
We present a summary of the FY12 activities for DTRA-funded project 'Modeling Relativistic Electrons from Nuclear Explosions in the Magnetosphere'. We briefly review the outstanding scientific questions and discuss the work done in the last year to try to answer these questions. We then discuss the agenda for this Technical Meeting with the DTRA sponsors. In the last year, we have continued our efforts to understand artificial radiation belts from several different perspectives: (1) Continued development of Electron Source Model (ESM) and comparison to HANE test data; (2) Continued studies of relativistic electron scattering by waves in the natural radiation belts; (3) Began study of self-generated waves from the HANE electrons; and (4) Began modeling for the UCLA laser experiment.
This presentation is a lecture on the physical sensitization of explosions, given to the department of chemistry at the University of Munich, June 28-July 1, 2016.
A graphical user interface (GUI) tool has been developed that facilitates the visualization and analysis of the Chapman-Jouguet state for high explosives gaseous products using the Jones- Wilkins-Lee equation of state.
For high explosive (HE) simulations, inaccuracies of a per cent or two in the detonation wave speed can result from not suficiently resolving the reaction zone width or from small inaccuracies in calibrating the products equation of state (EOS) or from variation of HE lots. More accurate detonation speeds can be obtained by ne tuning the equation of state to compensate. Here we show that two simple EOS transformations can be used to adjust the CJ detonation speed by a couple of per cent with minimal effect on the CJ release isentrope. The two transformations are (1) a shift in the energy origin and (2) a linear scaling of the speci c volume. The effectiveness of the transformations is demonstrated with simulations of the cylinder test for PBX 9502 starting with a products EOS for which the CJ detonation speed is 1 per cent too low.
This project is in support of the Source Physics Experiment SPE (Snelson et al. 2013), which aims to develop new seismic source models of explosions. One priority of this program is first principle numerical modeling to validate and extend current empirical models.
This project is in support of the Source Physics Experiment (SEP), which aims to develop new seismic source models of explosions. One priority of this program is first principle numerical modeling to validate and extend current empirical models.
The testing of block shear joints to determine ultimate shear strength and modulus is described by the ASTM D905 standard. However, ASTM D905 is not directly applicable for High Explosive (HE) joints, as it requires large masses of HE and the mechanical testing fixture may damage the HE. We have developed capabilities at LLNL to measure the shear strength of adhesive-bonded HE joints.
Imaging of Bubble Collapse Effects in Optically Transparent High Explosive as a Method to Study the Detonation Process STL-017-19, Year 2. Presentation to be given a the FY 2020 SDRD Annual Meeting, to be held Sept. 23-24, on WebEx.
Presentation to be given at the FY 2020 SDRD Annual Meeting, to be held Sept. 23-24, on WebEx. Millimeter Wave Imaging Diagnostic for High-Explosive Fireball Characterization, STL-011-19, Year 2
The hydrodynamics code CTH was used to simulate high-explosive detonations in various geometries to design a planar, high-pressure drive with Taylor wave release for experiments in the proton radiography containment vessel. The most successful geometry is based on a P25 lens with some of its outer diameter and output end removed. Shock planarity was significantly improved relative to an unmodified P25 lens for this case, where its full diameter was not needed, and the calculated timing was adequate to trigger the experiments successfully.
LANL is a non-profit Federally Funded Research & Development Center (FFRDC). LANL’s Integrated Weapons Experiments (J) Division addresses national security challenges by executing largescale, integrated, focused experiments, and tests of engineered devices and systems. J-NV plans, fields, and executes dynamic high explosive experiments at NNSS. This includes sub-critical experiments involving special nuclear material, as well as small- and largescale non-nuclear experiments. J-NV generates, analyzes, and disseminates unique, high-quality data.
We use a reduced order model (ROM) for Rayleigh waveforms sourced by large atmospheric explosions along with data collected from a single seismic station (TLG) to estimate the yields of three atmospheric nuclear tests with order-megaton (MT) yields. These historical tests were conducted by China between 1973 and 1980 (CHIC 15, CHIC 16, and CHIC 26). We use our ROM to estimate yields of 2.34 MT (CHIC 15), 0.51 MT (CHIC 16), and 1.15 (CHIC 26) in the 20.5 s period band that are consistent with publicly accepted values of 3 MT (CHIC 15), 0.50 MT (CHIC 16), and 0.730 MT (CHIC 26).
The application of hard alloy coatings by means of electrical contact explosions is considered. This method may be used to strengthen heat-treated multicutter tools.
By performing neutrino-radiation hydrodynamic simulations in spherical symmetry (1D) and axial symmetry (2D) with different progenitor models by Woosley and Heger from 12 to 100 M{sub ⊙}, we find that all 1D runs fail to produce an explosion and several 2D runs succeed. The difference in the shock evolutions for different progenitors can be interpreted by the difference in their mass accretion histories, which are in turn determined by the density structures of progenitors. The mass accretion history has two phases in the majority of the models: the earlier phase, in which the mass accretion rate is high and rapidly decreasing, and the later phase, with a low and almost constant accretion rate. They are separated by the so-called turning point, the origin of which is a change of the accreting layer. We argue that shock revival will most likely occur around the turning point and hence that its location in the M-dot --L{sub ν} plane will be a good measure for the possibility of shock revival: if the turning point lies above the critical curve and the system stays there for a long time, shock revival will obtain. In addition, we develop a phenomenological model to approximately evaluate the trajectories in the M-dot --L{sub ν} plane, which, after calibrating free parameters by a small number of 1D simulations, reproduces the location of the turning point reasonably well by using the initial density structure of progenitor alone. We suggest the application of the phenomenological model to a large collection of progenitors in order to infer without simulations which ones are more likely to explode.
A two-dimensional special relativistic radiation-hydrodynamics code is developed and applied to numerical simulations of supernova shock breakout in bipolar explosions of a blue supergiant. Our calculations successfully simulate the dynamical evolution of a blast wave in the star and its emergence from the surface. Results of the model with spherical energy deposition show a good agreement with previous simulations. Furthermore, we calculate several models with bipolar energy deposition and compare their results with the spherically symmetric model. The bolometric light curves of the shock breakout emission are calculated by a ray-tracing method. Our radiation-hydrodynamic models indicate that the early part of the shock breakout emission can be used to probe the geometry of the blast wave produced as a result of the gravitational collapse of the iron core.