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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2012

Recent studies of the leptonic decays of photoproduced vector and pseudoscalar mesons off of 1H at Jefferson Lab

Jefferson Lab's experiment E04-005, the largest integrated luminosity real photon CLAS experiment to date, provided a large sample of leptonic data; allowing for studies of the rho - omega interference in the dileptonic decay channel, as well as charge radius and comparative branching ratio studies of the eta and eta' through the Dalitz decay channel. An experimental study of the rho - omega provides valuable input for theoretical models and calculations in addition to establishing a comparative basis for medium modification studies of vector mesons off of heavier targets. The total statistics collected for the eta dalitz exceed the world's published statistics by an order of magnitude, while the eta' Daltiz decay is observed and measured for the first time.

Paolone, M.↗
DOE OSTI2022

ccp137/SUGAR

This package (SUrface-wave Grader with ARtificial intelligence or SUGAR) automatically assigns a quality score to surface-wave seismograms (SAC format) using a trained artificial neural network model (included). Specifically, the python script 01_apply_ann.py calculates probability scores for a list of SAC files. You may consider seismograms with probability scores larger than 0.5 as acceptable data. Note no scores will be given to seismograms that do not pass an initial check (e.g., insufficient number of data points). See https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507941.3 for more details.

Chai, Chengping [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), O↗
DOE OSTI2012

Recovery Act: A Measurement -- Management Technology for Improving Energy Efficiency in Data Centers and Telecommunication Facilities (Final Technical Report)

Data center (DC) electricity use is increasing at an annual rate of over 20% and presents a concern for the Information Technology (IT) industry, governments, and the society. A large fraction of the energy use is consumed by the compressor cooling to maintain the recommended operating conditions for IT equipment. The most common way to improve the DC efficiency is achieved by optimally provisioning the cooling power to match the global heat dissipation in the DC. However, at a more granular level, the large range of heat densities of today's IT equipment makes the task of provisioning cooling power optimized to the level of individual computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units much more challenging. Distributed sensing within a DC enables the development of new strategies to improve energy efficiency, such as hot spot elimination through targeted cooling, matching power consumption at rack level with workload schedule, and minimizing power losses. The scope of Measurement and Management Technologies (MMT) is to develop a software tool and the underlying sensing technology to provide critical decision support and control for DC and telecommunication facilities (TF) operations. A key aspect of MMT technology is integration of modeling tools to understand how changes in one operational parameter affect the overall DC response. It is demonstrated that reduced ordered models for DC can generate, in less than 2 seconds computational time, a three dimensional thermal model in a 50 kft 2 DC. This rapid modeling enables real time visualization of the DC conditions and enables "0what if" scenarios simulations to characterize response to "disturbances". One such example is thermal zone modeling that matches the cooling power to the heat generated at a local level by identifying DC zones cooled by a specific CRAC. Turning off a CRAC unit can be simulated to understand how the other CRAC utilization changes and how server temperature responds. Several new sensing technologies were added to the existing MMT platform: (1) air contamination (corrosion) sensors, (2) power monitoring, and (3) a wireless environmental sensing network. All three technologies are built on cost effective sensing solutions that increase the density of sensing points and enable high resolution mapping of DCs. The wireless sensing solution enables Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) control while the corrosion sensor enables air side economization and can quantify the risk of IT equipment failure due to air contamination. Validation data for six test sites demonstrate that leveraging MMT energy efficiency solutions combined with industry best practices results in an average of 20% reduction in cooling energy, without major infrastructure upgrades. As an illustration of the unique MMT capabilities, a data center infrastructure efficiency (DCIE) of 87% (industry best operation) was achieved. The technology is commercialized through IBM System and Technology Lab Services that offers MMT as a solution to improve DC energy efficiency. Estimation indicates that deploying MMT in existing DCs can results in an 8 billion kWh savings and projection indicates that constant adoption of MMT can results in obtainable savings of 44 billion kWh in 2035. Negotiations are under way with business partners to commercialize/license the ACU control technology and the new sensor solutions (corrosion and power sensing) to enable third party vendors and developers to leverage the energy efficiency solutions.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2015

Search for Time Reversal Symmetry Violation with TREK at J-PARC (Closeout Report)

This DOE Early Career Award has enabled Dr. Michael Kohl to take on and expand his leadership roles in several projects such as TREK@J-PARC, OLYMPUS@DESY, MUSE@PSI, and in the experimental program in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. Dr. Kohl has successfully accomplished several items: (i) Preliminary results from SANE (E08-003) at Jefferson Lab: Former HU graduate student Anusha Liyanage has pursued her PhD research on SANE. Her analysis of the elastic ep scattering data has resulted in the extraction of the proton electric-to-magnetic form factor ratio from double spin asymmetries at the highest momentum transfer to date. The results are almost final and a publication is in preparation. (ii) Approval of TREK/E36 for running, preparation of simulation and analysis: the TREK experiment has been stage-II approved in fall 2013, has been mounted on the hall floor from November 2014 to April 2015, has been commissioned in April-June 2015 and is scheduled to run in fall 2015. The group has contributed significantly with simulations and magnetic field map calculations, has investigated the sensitivity of TREK to new light neutral particles, and contributed substantially to the mounting and commissioning of the experiment. (iii) Running of OLYMPUS and analysis: Under Dr. Kohl's leadership as spokesman, the OLYMPUS experiment has completed data taking beginning of 2013; calibrations and analysis have been well underway, with results to be expected in the course of 2015. (iv) Operation of GEM detectors at OLYMPUS and MUSE: The GEM telescopes built for OLYMPUS luminosity monitoring with forward-angle ep elastic scattering have been operated successfully, have meanwhile been relocated to PSI, and have been re-commissioned as beam particle trackers for the PSI secondary beams for MUSE. (v) Trained and prepared postdocs and graduate students for their future careers. Two postdocs from Dr. Kohl's group (Dr. Juergen Diefenbach and Dr. Peter Monaghan) have found permanent academic positions. Two former graduate students of the group have graduated and received their PhD degrees in nuclear physics (Dr. Anusha Liyanage and Dr. Ozgur Ates). In particular, this award has enabled Dr. Kohl to pursue the TREK project (Time Reversal Experiment with Kaons) at J-PARC, which he has been leading and advancing as International Spokesperson. Originally proposed as a search for time reversal symmetry violation, the project has evolved into a precision test of lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model along with sensitive searches for physics beyond the Standard Model through a possible discovery of new particles such as a sterile neutrino or a neutral gauge boson from the hidden sector in the mass region up to 300 MeV/c2. Experiment TREK/E36, first proposed in 2010, has been mounted between November 2014 and April 2015, and commissioning with beam has been started in April 2015, with production running anticipated in early summer and late fall 2015. It uses the apparatus from the previous KEK/E-246 experiment with partial upgrades to measure the ratio of decay widths of leptonic two-body decays of the charged kaon to µν and eν, respectively, which is highly sensitive to the ratio of electromagnetic charged lepton couplings and possible new physics processes that could differentiate between μ and e, hence breaking lepton flavor universality of the Standard Model. Through the searches for neutral massive particles, TREK/E36 can severely constrain any new physics scenarios designed to explain the proton radius puzzle.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Energy Saving Quantification on Ductless Heat Pump (DHP) in Existing Homes

In residential retrofit applications, ductless mini-split heat pumps (DHP) are often reported to have high-energy savings potential, depending on the system they are supplementing or replacing. However, recently, there have been a number of utility studies and analyses indicating these energy savings are not being achieved when the existing system is left in place for backup heating or air conditioning. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted a three-phase project to help determine which control strategies would have the most energy savings impact in various climate zones around the United States. The first phase developed the standalone simulation model for the PNNL Lab Homes and investigated the energy-saving potential from different control strategies and HVAC system configurations. The second phase focused on conducting experiments in the PNNL Lab Homes, which tested the most promising solutions that were modeled in the first phase. The third phase used the field data to calibrate the simulation model and then extrapolated the results to different climate locations and different building sizes. This report focuses on the third phase of the study, including five major parts: model calibration, parametric model setup, results, a sensitivity analysis of air leakage rate, and conclusions.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Late-Stage Research Development and Demonstration Sub-activities Updates – FY24 Q3

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), in collaboration with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and the Hummingbird Firm (a specialized consulting firm focused on promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations), has initiated a national initiative known as the Heat Pump (HP) and Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Field Validation Partnership. This effort involves active participation from numerous critical entities involved in research and market transformation within the field. The ORNL team is responsible for leading Late-Stage Research Development and Demonstration (LSRDD) among the four different topics. The overall outcomes of this project will be: (1) A structured Field Validation Partnership between DOE, the national labs, research, implementation, and market transformation organizations. This will result in unique way to coordinate field validation plans and collect relevant data from around the country into the HP and HPWH Field Validation Database. (2) The Field Validation Partnership will result in a continuous stream of information between DOE and the major industry players in the space of HPs and HPWHs. If desired, DOE could use this information to inform roadmaps related to HP and HPWH market adoption and research going forward. (3) The structure of this Partnership provides a mechanism for sharing lessons learned directly between Late-Stage RD&D, Building Integration Barriers, Regional Market and Policy and Workforce Development efforts. The result will be training content that is well-reviewed by the Partnership which will lead to a workforce that meets the industry’s quality and workforce supply demands. (4) The structure of this Partnership also provides an opportunity for regions to share lessons learned on policy and market transformation with each other through the Market and Policy core Committee. This report includes an update in Late-Stage Research Development and Demonstration.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Waveform Simulation Framework: User Manual with Tutorials

This manuscript describes the Waveform Simulation Framework (WSF), a Python-based framework that provides a unified, programmable interface for generating synthetic seismograms for applications such as seismic array design, method development, and special event analysis. WSF standardizes how users define sources, receivers, and velocity models while abstracting simulator-specific configuration details, enabling workflows that are largely independent of the underlying numerical engine. The document provides installation guidance and tutorial-driven examples for three WSF simulator wrappers—WSF PyFK, WSF SW4, and WSF SPECFEM2D—illustrating end-to-end workflows from forward waveform simulation to common post-processing tasks (e.g., visualization and backprojection) using consistent data products (e.g., ObsPy Stream objects and SAC files).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

The Qweak Experiment: First Determination of the Weak Charge of the Proton

The $Q_{weak}$ Collaboration has completed a challenging measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton ($\vec{e}$p) scattering at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). The initial result reported here is extracted from the commissioning part of the experiment, constituting about 4% of the full data set. The parity-violating asymmetry at a low momentum transfer $Q^2$=0.025 GeV$^2$ is $A_{ep}$ = -279 $\pm$ 35 (stat) $\pm$ 31 (syst) ppb, which is the smallest and most precise asymmetry ever measured in $\vec{e}$p scattering. This result allowed the first determination of the weak charge of the proton $Q_W^p$ from a global fit of parity-violating elastic scattering (PVES) results from nuclear targets, where earlier data at higher $Q^2$ constrain uncertainties of hadronic structure. The value extracted from the global fit is $Q_W^p$ (PVES) = 0.064 $\pm$ 0.012, in agreement with the standard model prediction $Q_W^p$ (SM) = 0.0710 $\pm$ 0.0007. The neutral weak charges of up and down quarks are extracted from a combined fit of the PVES results with a previous atomic parity violation (APV) measurement on $^{133}$Cs. The analysis of the full $Q_{weak}$ data is ongoing and expected to yield a value for the asymmetry within 10 ppb of precision. Because of the suppression of $Q_W^p$, such a high precision measurement will place significant constraints to models of physics beyond the standard model.

Kargiantoulakis, Emmanouil↗
DOE OSTI2021

Need help planning for the future of electric vehicles?

This resource provides a sampling of key U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and national lab resources available to states and local jurisdictions to help them plan for the future of electric vehicles. In particular, these data, information, and modeling resources can help jurisdictions with community planning and developing charging infrastructure.

department of energy, DOE, electric vehicles, Volk↗
DOE OSTI2013

CTEQ-Jefferson Lab (CJ) Global Analysis of Parton Distributions

We present new sets of next-to-leading order parton distribution functions (PDFs) determined by global fits to a wide variety of data for hard scattering processes. The analysis includes target mass and higher twist corrections needed for the description of deep-inelastic scattering data at large x and low Q2, and nuclear corrections for deuterium targets. The PDF sets correspond to three different models for the nuclear effects, and provide a more realistic uncertainty range for the d quark PDF compared with previous fits. Applications to particle production cross sections at colliders are also discussed.

Melnitchouk, Wolodymyr↗
DOE OSTI2015

Sub-1% Electron Beam Polarimetry in Hall C at Jefferson Lab

The electron beam polarization in experimental Hall C at Jefferson Lab has been measured with a total uncertainty of dP/P<0.7\% at a beam energy of ≈ 1~GeV. This was accomplished using two, high-precision electron beam polarimeters. The first device makes use of M\o ller scattering from atomic electrons polarized in a pure iron foil driven to magnetic saturation. The second uses polarized electron-photon (Compton) scattering from laser light stored in a low gain Fabry-Perot cavity. Data from both devices, as well as a direct comparison of the two will be shown. The polarization data that will be described were taken as part of the Qweak experiment in Hall C, which aimed to measure the polarization to better than 1\%. Future experiments at Jefferson Lab will require knowledge of the polarization to 0.4\% or better. In this talk, I will describe the lessons learned during the Qweak running and discuss prospects for improving the beam polarimetry precision to the 0.4\% level.

Gaskell, David↗
DOE OSTI2023

Using AI to predict calibration constants for the central drift chamber in GlueX at Jefferson Lab

The AI for Experimental Controls project team at Jefferson Lab has developed an AI system to control and calibrate a large drift chamber system in near-real time. The AI system will monitor environmental and experimental variables to recommend voltage settings that maintain consistent dE/dx gain and optimal resolution throughout the experiment. At present, calibrations are performed after data have been recorded and require a considerable amount of time and attention from experts. The calibrations currently require multiple iterations and depend on accurate tracking information. Our approach uses environmental data, such as atmospheric pressure and gas temperature, and beam conditions, such as the flux of incident particles, as inputs to a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model. For the data taken during the GlueX 2020 run period, the GPR is able to predict the existing gain correction factors to within 3.5%. This talk will briefly describe the development, testing, and future plans for this system at Jefferson Lab.

Jeske, Torri↗
DOE OSTI2022

Streaming readout for next generation electron scattering experiments

Current and future experiments at the high-intensity frontier are expected to produce an enormous amount of data that needs to be collected and stored for offline analysis. Thanks to the continuous progress in computing and networking technology, it is now possible to replace the standard ‘triggered’ data acquisition systems with a new, simplified and outperforming scheme. ‘Streaming readout’ (SRO) DAQ aims to replace the hardware-based trigger with a much more powerful and flexible software-based one, that considers the whole detector information for efficient real-time data tagging and selection. Considering the crucial role of DAQ in an experiment, validation with on-field tests is required to demonstrate SRO performance. In this paper, we report results of the on-beam validation of the Jefferson Lab SRO framework. In this work, we exposed different detectors (PbWO-based electromagnetic calorimeters and a plastic scintillator hodoscope) to the Hall-D electron-positron secondary beam and to the Hall-B production electron beam, with increasingly complex experimental conditions. By comparing the data collected with the SRO system against the traditional DAQ, we demonstrate that the SRO performs as expected. Furthermore, we provide evidence of its superiority in implementing sophisticated AI-supported algorithms for real-time data analysis and reconstruction.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

ProvLight: Efficient Workflow Provenance Capture on the Edge-to-Cloud Continuum

Modern scientific workflows require hybrid infrastructures combining numerous decentralized resources on the IoT/Edge interconnected to Cloud/HPC systems (aka the Computing Continuum) to enable their optimized execution. Understanding and optimizing the performance of such complex Edge-to-Cloud workflows is challenging. Capturing the provenance of key performance indicators, with their related data and processes, may assist in understanding and optimizing workflow executions. However, the capture overhead can be prohibitive, particularly in resource-constrained devices, such as the ones on the IoT/Edge.To address this challenge, based on a performance analysis of existing systems, we propose ProvLight, a tool to enable efficient provenance capture on the IoT/Edge. We leverage simplified data models, data compression and grouping, and lightweight transmission protocols to reduce overheads. We further integrate ProvLight into the E2Clab framework to enable workflow provenance capture across the Edge-to-Cloud Continuum. This integration makes E2Clab a promising platform for the performance optimization of applications through reproducible experiments.We validate ProvLight at a large scale with synthetic workloads on 64 real-life IoT/Edge devices in the FIT IoT LAB testbed. Evaluations show that ProvLight outperforms state-of-the-art systems like ProvLake and DfAnalyzer in resource-constrained devices. ProvLight is 26—37x faster to capture and transmit provenance data; uses 5—7x less CPU; 2x less memory; transmits 2x less data; and consumes 2—2.5x less energy. ProvLight [1] and E2Clab [2] are available as open-source tools.

Rosendo, Daniel↗
DOE OSTI2013

An Overview of Longitudinal Spin Structure Measurements from JLab

Jefferson Lab is currently one of the facilities leading the investigation of the spin structure of the nucleon. Over the past 15 years, several high precision measurements have been completed, extending our knowledge of the polarized structure functions g{sub 1} and g{sub 2} down to Q{sup 2} = 0.02 GeV{sup 2}. In particular, the low-Q{sup 2} range ({<=} 0.1 GeV{sup 2}) from these data allows us to make a benchmark-check of Chiral Perturbation theory ({chi}PT). Previous results for the moments of the spin structure functions in this region have shown mixed agreement. For {Gamma}{sub 1}, the first moment of g{sub 1}, we find good consistency between data and theory. However, we have seen a surprisingly large discrepancy with {chi}PT calculations for the {delta}{sub LT} spin polarizability on the neutron, which is significantly less sensitive to the {Delta}-resonance contribution. These proceedings will discuss the recent experimental effort at low Q{sup 2} from Jefferson Lab, including a discussion of preliminary results on the neutron. The new results on the neutron still show a sizeable discrepancy between data and theory. However, new calculations show improved agreement with data for some observables. In addition, new proton data for g{sub 2} is also expected to help resolve the disagreement for {delta}{sub LT}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Maintenance of Maywood Laboratory Operations Support During Contractor Transition and Replacement of the Project Databases - 16329

In December 2013, Cabrera Services (Cabrera) executed transition of the FUSRAP Maywood Superfund Site remediation project operations, including an on-site accredited environmental lab, from a large business that had established technology infrastructure in place for over a decade which required updating to support the expected remediation scope and client needs. As of November 2015, Cabrera has shipped over 116,000 yd{sup 3} of contaminated soil to disposal facilities. During the transition, the USACE FUSRAP Maywood Laboratory (UFML) continued to support project operations, providing the expected timely and reliable results and maintaining their New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection certification for all parameters of concern, while having to cope with new challenges and additional tasks having the potential to disrupt the laboratory's ability to support project operations. This case study examines the challenges with maintaining a certified radiochemistry laboratory and an aggressive remediation schedule during a period of prime contractor transition which included a complete IT infrastructure overhaul, and conversion of the existing Microsoft Access laboratory database and project Electronic Data Management System (EDMS) to a customized commercial solution. Challenges: I. Procurement of a new database subcontractor and working closely with them to achieve the following: a. Migration of all environmental (including radiological, chemical, and quality control), health and safety, and spatial data as well as reports, queries, and analytical instrument software processes from a MS Access data management system to a SQL server system; and b. Verification that the functionality and data integrity of the databases remained intact. II. The onsite laboratory was changed over to a new onsite network and the following tasks were completed with little or no interruption to site operations by January 10, 2014: i. Installation of new instrument personal computers (PCs) and making them fully operational; ii. Configuration of the lab domain and server to host the LIMS (replaced all servers/domain/workstations with Windows 7 and Server 2012 machines). iii. Networking of the laboratory building into the rest of the project site via fiber optic cabling across the site. iv. Upgrade of the wide area network (WAN) data connection to high-speed Fiber Optic service; v. Upgrade of the telephones into voice over internet protocol (VOIP) phones. vi. Splitting of the database into front ends and a centralized back-end hosted on the new server to allow simultaneous access for fixes and improvements. III. Phone service interruption; phone systems were operational by January 10, 2014. Additional Tasks: I. Revision of the USACE FUSRAP Maywood Laboratory (UFML) Quality Systems Manual Rev. 1 Submitted 01/16/14; II. Writing of the Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan Rev. 1 (UFP-QAPP) submitted 1/21/14. This document replaced the prior project data quality plan, the Chemical Data Quality Management Plan. III. Support of USACE communications to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) on lab management and personnel transition to Cabrera. This work was important since it ensured a smooth transition and shows how critical project records infrastructure such as databases, can be upgraded with minimal interruption of project support. Such work may provide benefit to other similar projects, especially long term projects where database infrastructure upgrades may be beneficial in terms of improved efficiencies in data recording and transfer, and improved security in data storage. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Proposed Analytical Methods for Determining Filter Media Properties

High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters, commonly used in nuclear filtration applications, are an integral part of the waste management processes in nuclear plants. HEPA filters are 99.97% efficient filtration devices characterized by their high resistance to air flow, or pressure drop. From theoretical models, the initial pressure drop across a clean filter is proven to be a function of the filter media fiber diameters and porosity of the media. These filter properties are relatively difficult to obtain with traditional manual methods; therefore, there is a need to develop analytical methods to find the fiber diameter and porosity to determine the pressure drop. Typically, these values can be found by substituting a calculated representative value based upon measured values, such as equivalent fiber diameter based upon a clean pressure drop. However, these values may also be directly recorded and measured by incorporating Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image analysis and other measurement methods to analyze the filter media and determine its physical properties without the need for media testing. DiameterJ, an open source Java plug-in, used with ImageJ, can process images of filter media taken by an SEM to find statistical data such as mean fiber diameter and porosity. To produce the raw data, SEM images of two filter media type samples are taken and segmented in DiameterJ using the traditional and statistical region merging segmentation algorithms. Manual segmentation is necessary after the initial segmentation by the algorithms as the images tend to be too complex for the algorithms to output with the necessary accuracy. However, complications exist in the manual segmentation process as these methods can be time intensive and prone to the individual bias of the user. This in turn can skew the final mean fiber diameter result, and lead to either an over or under prediction of the pressure drop. It was also discovered that the porosity data produced by DiameterJ is inaccurate, as the SEM analyzes the three-dimensional filter media by projecting its geometry onto a plane and analyzing it as a two-dimensional binary image. Thus, the porosity is artificially inflated through the segmentation process, rendering this result incorrect. Alternatively, density determination, gravimetric analysis, and thickness testing of the filter media is collectively used to determine the filter fiber porosity. Together, the SEM image analysis and analytical lab methods produce results through direct measurements which allow for the prediction of the initial pressure drop from clean filter media without the need for prior media testing to collect pressure data. By improving upon this proposed analytical method in the future, there is potential to streamline the process of finding these filter properties into a more direct methodology for determining the pressure drop across HEPA filters.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗