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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,045 records · Page 58
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN PHOTOABSORPTION CROSS SECTION RESOLUTION ON MINOR SPECIES VERTICAL PROFILES IN TITAN’S UPPER ATMOSPHERE

The significant variations in both measured and modeled densities of minor species in Titan’s atmosphere call for the evaluation of possible influencing factors in photochemical modeling. The effect of nitrogen photoabsorption cross section selection on the modeled vertical profiles of minor species is analyzed here, with particular focus on C{sub 2}H{sub 6} and HCN. Our results show a clear impact of cross sections used on all neutral and ion species studied. Affected species include neutrals and ions that are not primary photochemical products, including species that do not even contain nitrogen. The results indicate that photochemical models that employ low-resolution cross sections may significantly miscalculate the vertical profiles of minor species. Such differences are expected to have important implications for Titan’s overall atmospheric structure and chemistry.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Search for the 𝑌⁡(2175) in the Photoproduction Cross Section Measurement of 𝛾⁢𝑝 → 𝜙⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑝 at GlueX

Based on 334 pb −1 of photoproduction data collected with the GlueX detector at Jefferson Lab, we have measured for the first time the cross section of the exclusive reaction 𝛾+𝑝→𝜙⁡(1020)⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑝 by reconstructing the final state 𝐾 +⁢ 𝐾 − ⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑝 produced with a photon beam of energies between 8.0 and 11.6 GeV. Based on the measured differential cross section, we have performed a search for the strangeoniumlike exotic candidate 𝑌⁡(2175), recently renamed to 𝜙⁡(2170). This state has been reported by different 𝑒 + ⁢𝑒 − annihilation experiments and it is addressed here for the first time in a photoproduction experiment. We do not find evidence for this state when using the resonance parameters quoted by the Particle Data Group and provide upper limits on the photoproduction cross section. Instead, we find a structure at a mass of 𝑚⁡(𝜙⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ) = 2.24 GeV/𝑐 2 with a statistical significance of about 5⁢𝜎. The parameters of this structure differ from those quoted by the Particle Data Group for the 𝜙⁡(2170) and are consistent with a previous observation in 𝑒 + ⁢𝑒 − annihilation. In addition, there is evidence for a second structure at 1.82 GeV/𝑐 2 .

Exotic mesons↗
DOE OSTI2017

Measurement of the D + -meson production cross section at low transverse momentum in p p ¯ collisions at s = 1.96 TeV

We report on a measurement of the D + -meson production cross section as a function of transverse momentum (p T ) in proton-antiproton (p$\bar{p}$) collisions at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy, using the full data set collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in Tevatron Run II and corresponding to 10 fb -1 of integrated luminosity. We use D + →K - π + π + decays fully reconstructed in the central rapidity region |y|<1 with transverse momentum down to 1.5 GeV/c, a range previously unexplored in p$\bar{p}$ collisions. Inelastic p$\bar{p}$ scattering events are selected online using minimally biasing requirements followed by an optimized offline selection. The K - π + π + mass distribution is used to identify the D + signal, and the D + transverse impact-parameter distribution is used to separate prompt production, occurring directly in the hard-scattering process, from secondary production from b-hadron decays. We obtain a prompt D + signal of 2950 candidates corresponding to a total cross section σ(D + ,1.5 T <14.5 GeV/c,|y|<1)=71.9±6.8(stat)±9.3(syst) μb. While the measured cross sections are consistent with theoretical estimates in each p T bin, the shape of the observed p T spectrum is softer than the expectation from quantum chromodynamics. The results are unique in p$\bar{p}$ collisions and can improve the shape and uncertainties of future predictions.

(K-↗
DOE OSTI2022

Magneto-Mechanical Optimization of Cross-Sections for $ \text{cos}(\theta)$Accelerator Magnets

The cross-section design of cos (θ) superconducting magnets is historically developed in a two-step process: initially, the coil geometry is defined on the basis of magnetic optimizations; then, the structure is designed around the coil. The first step searches for the best coil cross-section maximizing the magnetic field, margin, field quality and conductor efficiency. The latter step aims at limiting the coil stresses and deformations. However, the coil design, defined with the initial magnetic optimization, can influence the mechanical behaviour of the magnet, altering, for example, the peak stress during operation. As the critical current is a function of the applied strain, the mechanical implications of the coil cross-section design can limit the achievable performance. In this paper we propose an integrated optimization process that targets the peak stress on the conductor in addition to the magnetic objectives. Here the results are presented for a sample high-field Nb 3 Sn dipole: a 4-layer design aiming at ultimate conductor performance.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Technical Note: Contrast solution density and cross section errors in inhomogeneity-corrected dose calculation for breast balloon brachytherapy

Purpose: Recent recommendations by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 186 emphasize the importance of understanding material properties and their effect on inhomogeneity-corrected dose calculation for brachytherapy. Radiographic contrast is normally injected into breast brachytherapy balloons. In this study, the authors independently estimate properties of contrast solution that were expected to be incorrectly specified in a commercial brachytherapy dose calculation algorithm. Methods: The mass density and atomic weight fractions of a clinical formulation of radiographic contrast solution were determined using manufacturers' data. The mass density was verified through measurement and compared with the density obtained by the treatment planning system's CT calibration. The atomic weight fractions were used to determine the photon interaction cross section of the contrast solution for a commercial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy source and compared with that of muscle. Results: The density of contrast solution was 10% less than that obtained from the CT calibration. The cross section of the contrast solution for the HDR source was 1.2% greater than that of muscle. Both errors could be addressed by overriding the density of the contrast solution in the treatment planning system. Conclusions: The authors estimate the error in mass density and cross section parameters used by a commercial brachytherapy dose calculation algorithm for radiographic contrast used in a clinical breast brachytherapy practice. This approach is adaptable to other clinics seeking to evaluate dose calculation errors and determine appropriate density override values if desired.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Cross sections and barriers for nuclear fission induced by high-energy nucleons

The cross sections for the fission of {sup 232}Th, {sup 235,238}U, {sup 237}Np, and {sup 239}Pu target nuclei that was induced by 20- to 1000-MeV neutrons and protons were calculated. The respective calculations were based on the multiconfiguration-fission (MCFx) model, which was used to describe three basic stages of the interaction of high-energy nucleons with nuclei: direct processes (intranuclear cascade), equilibration of the emerging compound system, and the decay of the compound nucleus (statistical model). Fission barriers were calculated within the microscopic approach for isotopic chains formed by 15 to 20 nuclei of the required elements. The calculated fission cross sections were compared with available experimental data. It was shown that the input data set and the theoretical model used made it possible to predict satisfactorily cross section for nuclear fission induced by 20- to 1000-MeV nucleons.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Comparative analysis of cross sections of residual nuclei on separated tin isotopes at a beam energy of protons and deuterons 3.65 GeV/nucleon

The cross sections of residual nuclei in the separated tin isotopes ({sup 112}Sn, {sup 118}Sn, {sup 120}Sn, and {sup 124}Sn), irradiated with proton and deuteron beams with energy 3.65 GeV/nucleon, are investigated. Parametrization by ten parametric semi-empirical formula was conducted with the aim of determining the total cross sections and analyzing the measurement results. The dependence of total inelastic cross sections on the mass number of the target and the structure of the incoming particle was investigated via the comparison of the obtained data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

New results of measurement of cross sections for electron-positron annihilation to hadrons with the SND detector at VEPP-2000

A survey of preliminary results of experiments with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e{sup +}e{sup −} collider in the energy range of √s = 1000–2000 MeV MeV is presented. The cross sections for the processes e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup 0}π{sup 0}γ, e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup +}π{sup −}π{sup 0}π{sup 0}, e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup +}π{sup −}π{sup 0}, e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup +}π{sup −}η, and e{sup +}e{sup −} → pp̄ were measured. The measured cross sections agree with the results of earlier measurements but have a higher precision. The cross section for the process e{sup +}e{sup −} → ηγ in the energy range extending from 1.4 to 2 GeV was measured for the first time. The ratio G{sub E}/G{sub M} for the neutron was measured for the first time in the timelike region.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Cross section for the reaction {sup 115}In(γ, γ′){sup 115m} In in the region of the E1 giant resonance

The cross section for the reaction {sup 115}In(γ, γ′){sub 115m}In was measured for photon energies in the range of E{sub γ} ≅ 4–46 MeV. The parameters of the peak in this cross section near the threshold for the reaction {sup 115}In(γ, n), (E{sub γ}){sub (γ,n)}{sup thr}, were refined. It is shown that, in the cross section for the reaction {sup 115}In(γ, γ′){sup 115m}In at Eγ ∼ 27 MeV, there is no second peak for which δ{sub II}{sup int} would exceed about 0.2δ{sub I}{sup int} for the peak at E{sub γ} ∼ (E{sub γ}){sub (γ,n)}{sup thr}. The possibility of employing this reaction both in studying photonuclear reaction physics and in monitoring bremsstrahlung photons in gamma-activation studies was examined.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

New data on cross sections for partial and total photoneutron reactions on the isotopes {sup 91,94}Zr

Experimental data on {sup 91,94}Zr photodisintegration that were obtained in a beam of quasimonoenergetic annihilation photons by the method of neutron multiplicity sorting are analyzed. It is found that the cross sections for the (γ, 1n), (γ, 2n), and (γ, 3n) reactions on both isotopes do not meet the objective data-reliability criteria formulated earlier. Within the experimental–theoretical method for evaluating partial-reaction cross sections that satisfy these criteria, new data on the cross sections for the aforementioned partial reactions, as well as for the (γ, sn) = (γ, 1n) + (γ, 2n) + (γ, 3n) +... total photoneutron reaction, are obtained for the isotopes {sup 91,94}Zr.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Measurement of the e{sup +}e{sup –} → ηπ{sup +}π{sup –} cross section in the center-of-mass energy range 1.22–2.00 GeV with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 collider

In the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e– collider the cross section for the process e{sup +}e{sup –} → ηπ{sup +}π{sup –} has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.22 to 2.00 GeV. Obtained results are in agreement with previous measurements and have better accuracy. The energy dependence of the e{sup +}e{sup –} → ηπ{sup +}π{sup –} cross section has been fitted with the vector-meson dominance model. From this fit the product of the branching fractions B(ρ(1450) → ηπ{sup +}π{sup –})B(ρ(1450) → π{sup +}π{sup –}) has been extracted and compared with the same products for (ρ(1450) → ωΠ{sup 0} and (ρ(1450) → π{sup +}π{sup –} decays. The obtained cross section data have been also used to test the conservation of vector current hypothesis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Taking into Account the Centre-of-Mass Correlations in the Cross Sections for Elastic Scattering of Intermediate Energy Protons on the Exotic Nuclei {sup 6}He and {sup 8}He

We calculate the differential cross sections for proton elastic scattering on the exotic halo nuclei {sup 6}He and {sup 8}He at energies around ~0.7 GeV at the momentum transfers squared up to 0.30 (GeV/c){sup 2} and investigate the influence of the nucleon centre-of-mass correlations on the calculated cross sections. In particular, we show that the approximate account of the centre-of-mass correlations used previously considerably overestimates the cross sections at high values of the momentum transfer.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Model-Free Parametrization of Cross Sections for Cumulative Pion Production on Nuclei in Terms of Stavinsky’s Scale Variable x

A model-free parametrization of invariant differential cross sections for cumulative pion production on nuclei ofmass number in the range of A = 2–210 in the backward hemisphere is obtained in the representation of Stavinsky’s scale variable x on the basis of cross sections available in the literature that were measured for several nuclei and several values of the angle θ at proton-beam energies in the range of E{sub 0} = 9–10 GeV. The use of this parametrization in its applicability region makes it possible to calculate pion-production cross sections in the range of x = 0.25–3.5 to an acceptable degree of precision.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Effect of the Deformation Parameter on the Cross Sections for Reactions: {sup 110}Pd(d,n){sup 111}Ag and {sup 110}Pd(d, 2n){sup 110m}Ag

In this study, we focused on the effects of the deformation parameter on the cross sections. First, the deformation parameters of target nucleus {sup 110}Pd was determined within the interacting boson model (IBM). Later this parameter was used in the TALYS-1.8 code to calculate the cross sections of the {sup 110}Pd(d,n){sup 111}Ag and {sup 110}Pd(d, 2n){sup 110m}Ag reactions. Moreover, other deformation parameters obtained RIPL-3 and TALYS default were used for the cross section calculation. The calculated results were compared with the experimental nuclear reaction data from EXFOR.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Experimental study of the energy dependence of the total cross section for the {sup 6}He + {sup nat}Si and {sup 9}Li + {sup nat}Si reactions

New experimental measurements of the total reaction cross sections for the {sup 6}He + {sup nat}Si and {sup 9}Li + {sup nat}Si processes in the energy range of 5 to 40 A MeV are presented. A modified transmission method based on high-efficiency detection of prompt n–γ radiation has been used in the experiment. A bump is observed for the first time in the energy dependence σ{sub R}(E) at E ∼ 10–30 A MeV for the {sup 9}Li + {sup nat}Si reaction, and existence of the bump in σ{sub R}(E) at E ∼ 10–20 A MeV first observed in the standard transmission experiments is experimentally confirmed for the {sup 6}He + {sup nat}Si reaction. Theoretical analysis of the measured {sup 6}He + {sup nat}Si and {sup 9}Li + {sup nat}Si reaction cross sections is performed within the microscopic double folding model. Disagreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical cross sections in the region of the bump at the energies of 10 to 20 A MeV, which requires further study.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

On the fine structure of spectra of the inelastic-electron-scattering cross section and the Si surface parameter

Reflection electron-energy loss spectra are obtained for a series of Si samples with different crystallographic orientations, prepared under different technological conditions. Using the experimental spectra, the electron energy loss dependences of the product of the mean inelastic free path and differential inelastic electron scattering cross section are calculated. A new technique is suggested for analyzing the spectra of inelastic electron scattering cross section by simulating experimental spectra with the use of the three-parameter Tougaard universal cross section functions. The results of the simulation are used to determine the nature of loss peaks and to calculate the surface parameter.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analytic error analysis of cross section interpolation methods in nodal diffusion codes - II: Numerical results

This paper is the second part of a two-part paper that documents the numerical results for the partial derivatives model presented in part I. In this paper, we derive the error bounds for the analytical point-wise error expression and verify our bounds with numerical experiments. The point-wise error expressions make available, and bound, the sources that contribute to the total error of the interpolated cross section in terms of the Lagrange interpolation errors and the model form error. MPACT is used to generate two-group homogenized cross sections for Westinghouse's AP1000 Region 4 lattice to evaluate the accuracy of the bounds. Error bounds calculated over a grid are compared to numerical data for uni-variate and multi-variate interpolation. The point-wise error bounds of a typical case matrix - two branches in each state variable - are displayed for bi-variate interpolation in the state variables: moderator density, fuel temperature, and boron concentration. The error bounds are shown to be highly accurate compared to numerical results, and in accordance with the underlying physics. We then discuss and show how the sources of error contribute to the total error, and consider the improvement of each error source. Finally, we mention future work such as propagating our cross section error bounds through a reactivity calculation. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Pu239 Cross-Section Variations Based on Experimental Uncertainties and Covariances

Algorithms and software have been developed for producing variations in plutonium-239 neutron cross sections based on experimental uncertainties and covariances. The varied cross-section sets may be produced as random samples from the multi-variate normal distribution defined by an experimental mean vector and covariance matrix, or they may be produced as Latin-Hypercube/Orthogonal-Array samples (based on the same means and covariances) for use in parametrized studies. The variations obey two classes of constraints that are obligatory for cross-section sets and which put related constraints on the mean vector and covariance matrix that detemine the sampling. Because the experimental means and covariances do not obey some of these constraints to sufficient precision, imposing the constraints requires modifying the experimental mean vector and covariance matrix. Modification is done with an algorithm based on linear algebra that minimizes changes to the means and covariances while insuring that the operations that impose the different constraints do not conflict with each other.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗