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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

SpaceOps 1992: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Ground Data Systems for Space Mission Operations

The Second International Symposium featured 135 oral presentations in these 12 categories: Future Missions and Operations; System-Level Architectures; Mission-Specific Systems; Mission and Science Planning and Sequencing; Mission Control; Operations Automation and Emerging Technologies; Data Acquisition; Navigation; Operations Support Services; Engineering Data Analysis of Space Vehicle and Ground Systems; Telemetry Processing, Mission Data Management, and Data Archiving; and Operations Management. Topics focused on improvements in the productivity, effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of mission operations, ground systems, and data acquisition. Also emphasized were accomplishments in management of human factors; use of information systems to improve data retrieval, reporting, and archiving; design and implementation of logistics support for mission operations; and the use of telescience and teleoperations.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1994

The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report

This quarterly publication provides archival reports on developments in programs managed by JPL's Telecommunications and Mission Operations Directorate (TMOD), which now includes the former Telecommunications and Data Acquisition (TDA) Office. In space communications, radio navigation, radio science, and ground-based radio and radar astronomy, it reports on activities of the Deep Space Network (DS) in planning, supporting research and technology, implementation, and operations. Also included are standards activity at JPL for space data and information systems and reimbursable DSN work performed for other space agencies through NASA. The preceding work is all performed for NASA's Office of Space Communications (OSC).

Yuen, Joseph H.↗
NASA NTRS1995

The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report

This quarterly publication provides archival reports on developments in programs managed by JPL's Telecommunications and Mission Operations Directorate (TMOD), which now includes the former Telecommunications and Data Acquisition (TDA) Office. In space communications, radio navigation, radio science, and ground-based radio and radar astronomy, it reports on activities of the Deep Space Network (DSN) in planning, supporting research and technology, implementation, and operations. Also included are standards activity at JPL for space data and information systems and reimbursable DSN work performed for other space agencies through NASA. The preceding work is all performed for NASA's Office of Space Communications (OSC).

Yuen, Joseph H.↗
NASA NTRS1995

The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report

This quarterly publication provides archival reports on developments in programs managed by JPL's Telecommunications and Mission Operations Directorate (TMOD), which now includes the former Telecommunications and Data Acquisition (TDA) Office. In space communications, radio navigation, radio science, and ground-based radio and radar astronomy, it reports on activities of the Deep Space Network (DSN) in planning, supporting research and technology, implementation, and operations. Also included are standards activity at JPL for space data and information systems and reimbursable DSN work performed for other space agencies through NASA. The preceding work is all performed for NASA's Office of Space Communications (OSC).

Yuen, Joseph H.↗
NASA NTRS1996

The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report

This quarterly publication provides archival reports on developments in programs managed by JPL's Telecommunications and Mission Operations Directorate (TMOD), which now includes the former Telecommunications and Data Acquisition (TDA) Office. In space communications, radio navigation, radio science, and ground-based radio and radar astronomy, it reports on activities of the Deep Space Network (DSN) in planning, supporting research and technology, implementation, and operations. Also included are standards activity at JPL for space data and information systems and reimbursable DSN work performed for other space agencies through NASA. The preceding work is all performed for NASA's Office of Space Communications (OSC). TMOD also performs work funded by other NASA program offices through and with the cooperation of OSC. The first of these is the Orbital Debris Radar Program funded by the Office of Space Systems Development. It exists at Goldstone only and makes use of the planetary radar capability when the antennas are configured as science instruments making direct observations of the planets, their satellites, and asteroids of our solar system. The Office of Space Sciences funds the data reduction and science analyses of data obtained by the Goldstone Solar System Radar. The antennas at all three complexes are also configured for radio astronomy research and, as such, conduct experiments funded by the National Science Foundation in the U.S. and other agencies at the overseas complexes. These experiments are either in microwave spectroscopy or very long baseline interferometry. Finally, tasks funded under the JPL Director's Discretionary Fund and the Caltech President's Fund that involve TMOD are included. This and each succeeding issue of 'The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Progress Report' will present material in some, but not necessarily all, of the aforementioned programs.

Yuen, Joseph H.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Large Scale Transcriptional Analysis of Legacy Spaceflight Tissues From the Nasa Biological Institutional Science Collection

The NASA Biological Institutional Science Collection (NBISC) has amassed a collection of valuable space biology samples spanning from early Space Shuttle missions to recent missions on the International Space Station (ISS). However, the full potential of this archive has not been realized, with many samples having been stored for decades without being re-accessed. Given the pace of analytical advancement since NBISC began accumulating samples, we initiated a pilot study to reveal additional patterns that may have been missed during the original investigations and provide technical robustness and scientific value for a cost-effective sequencing approach. We selected 84 mouse and rat samples spanning four separate Space Shuttle, ISS and ground-analogue studies with a focus on muscle, spleen and thymus tissues to allow identification of important changes related to musculoskeletal unloading and immune function. High quality RNA from these tissues was extracted and used to generate transcriptional profiling data using a cost-effective Tag-seq approach and immediately released it on GeneLab. The released datasets included gastrocnemius tissues from rats during the 1991 Space Shuttle mission (GLDS-422) and a ground analogue study in 2019 (GLDS-418), and mice from the 2014 ISS mission (GLDS-419). Also released were two thymus datasets, one from rats flown on the 1993 Space Shuttle (GLDS-423) and another from mice flown on the 2017 ISS (GLDS-421) missions, along with one mouse spleen dataset from a 2017 ISS mission (GLDS-420). These data will serve as a pilot of a much larger and comprehensive study which would generate similar data from thousands of NBISC samples, enabling the discovery and validation of molecular networks influenced by space conditions.

Lovorka Degoricija↗
DOE OSTI2016

A Reasoning And Hypothesis-Generation Framework Based On Scalable Graph Analytics

Finding actionable insights from data has always been difficult. As the scale and forms of data increase tremendously, the task of finding value becomes even more challenging. Data scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are leveraging unique leadership infrastructure (e.g. Urika-XA and Urika-GD appliances) to develop scalable algorithms for semantic, logical and statistical reasoning with unstructured Big Data. We present the deployment of such a framework called ORiGAMI (Oak Ridge Graph Analytics for Medical Innovations) on the National Library of Medicine s SEMANTIC Medline (archive of medical knowledge since 1994). Medline contains over 70 million knowledge nuggets published in 23.5 million papers in medical literature with thousands more added daily. ORiGAMI is available as an open-science medical hypothesis generation tool - both as a web-service and an application programming interface (API) at http://hypothesis.ornl.gov . Since becoming an online service, ORIGAMI has enabled clinical subject-matter experts to: (i) discover the relationship between beta-blocker treatment and diabetic retinopathy; (ii) hypothesize that xylene is an environmental cancer-causing carcinogen and (iii) aid doctors with diagnosis of challenging cases when rare diseases manifest with common symptoms. In 2015, ORiGAMI was featured in the Historical Clinical Pathological Conference in Baltimore as a demonstration of artificial intelligence to medicine, IEEE/ACM Supercomputing and recognized as a Centennial Showcase Exhibit at the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Conference in Chicago. The final paper will describe the workflow built for the Cray Urika-XA and Urika-GD appliances that is able to reason with the knowledge of every published medical paper every time a clinical researcher uses the tool.

graph analytics↗
DOE OSTI2017

Digital archives, big data and image-based culturomics for social impact assessment: Opportunities and challenges

Social impact assessment (SIA) is well-established but uses conventional approaches that have become less effective in recent decades, particularly in relation to declining survey response rates and a lack of youth engagement. Images from digital archives and social media sources are poised to advance the research and practice of SIA by transcending text-based methods with insights into changing landscapes, and human engagement with them. This viewpoint describes progress, challenges and cautions toward the development of such tools (defined as culturomics), using hydroelectricity cases to illustrate potential approaches. These tools build on foundational work in a range of disciplines, including the humanities and computer science. We describe necessary advances in machine learning, image digitization, and data aggregation and visualization techniques, as well as ways to ensure that such tools are carefully tested, applied and interpreted. Challenges include the automation, acquisition and management of datasets, and using these tools appropriately and equitably. Critically, culturomics of any kind must not be used as a replacement for engagement with people, but as complementary to inclusive stakeholder engagement. - Highlights: •Image-based digital archives and social media present opportunities for new SIA tools. •Application-ready big data approaches are emerging across many fields. •SIA scholars, practitioners and stakeholders should engage with culturomics. •Challenges include automation, digitization, interpretation and justice. •Culturomics of any kind must not replace engagement with people.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Diagnosing the Dynamics of Observed and Simulated Ecosystem Gross Primary Productivity with Time Causal Information Theory Quantifiers

Data analysis and model-data comparisons in the environmental sciences require diagnostic measures that quantify time series dynamics and structure, and are robust to noise in observational data. This paper investigates the temporal dynamics of environmental time series using measures quantifying their information content and complexity. The measures are used to classify natural processes on one hand, and to compare models with observations on the other. The present analysis focuses on the global carbon cycle as an area of research in which model-data integration and comparisons are key to improving our understanding of natural phenomena. We investigate the dynamics of observed and simulated time series of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), a key variable in terrestrial ecosystems that quantifies ecosystem carbon uptake. However, the dynamics, patterns and magnitudes of GPP time series, both observed and simulated, vary substantially on different temporal and spatial scales. Here we demonstrate that information content and complexity, or Information Theory Quantifiers (ITQ) for short, serve as robust and efficient data-analytical and model benchmarking tools for evaluating the temporal structure and dynamical properties of simulated or observed time series at various spatial scales. At continental scale, we compare GPP time series simulated with two models and an observations-based product. This analysis reveals qualitative differences between model evaluation based on ITQ compared to traditional model performance metrics, indicating that good model performance in terms of absolute or relative error does not imply that the dynamics of the observations is captured well. Furthermore, we show, using an ensemble of site-scale measurements obtained from the FLUXNET archive in the Mediterranean, that model-data or model-model mismatches as indicated by ITQ can be attributed to and interpreted as differences in the temporal structure of the respective ecological time series. At global scale, our understanding of C fluxes relies on the use of consistently applied land models. Here, we use ITQ to evaluate model structure: The measures are largely insensitive to climatic scenarios, land use and atmospheric gas concentrations used to drive them, but clearly separate the structure of 13 different land models taken from the CMIP5 archive and an observations-based product. In conclusion, diagnostic measures of this kind provide data-analytical tools that distinguish different types of natural processes based solely on their dynamics, and are thus highly suitable for environmental science applications such as model structural diagnostics.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Operation of the Australian Store.Synchrotron for macromolecular crystallography

The Store.Synchrotron service, a fully functional, cloud computing-based solution to raw X-ray data archiving and dissemination at the Australian Synchrotron, is described. The Store.Synchrotron service, a fully functional, cloud computing-based solution to raw X-ray data archiving and dissemination at the Australian Synchrotron, is described. The service automatically receives and archives raw diffraction data, related metadata and preliminary results of automated data-processing workflows. Data are able to be shared with collaborators and opened to the public. In the nine months since its deployment in August 2013, the service has handled over 22.4 TB of raw data (∼1.7 million diffraction images). Several real examples from the Australian crystallographic community are described that illustrate the advantages of the approach, which include real-time online data access and fully redundant, secure storage. Discoveries in biological sciences increasingly require multidisciplinary approaches. With this in mind, Store.Synchrotron has been developed as a component within a greater service that can combine data from other instruments at the Australian Synchrotron, as well as instruments at the Australian neutron source ANSTO. It is therefore envisaged that this will serve as a model implementation of raw data archiving and dissemination within the structural biology research community.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1990

Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) validation

During the past 4 years, data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) have been undergoing detailed examination. There is no direct source of groundtruth for the radiation budget. Thus, this validation effort has had to rely heavily upon intercomparisons between different types of measurements. The ERBE SCIENCE Team chose 10 measures of agreement as validation criteria. Late in August 1988, the Team agreed that the data met these conditions. As a result, the final, monthly averaged data products are being archived. These products, their validation, and some results for January 1986 are described. Information is provided on obtaining the data from the archive.

Barkstrom, Bruce R.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Landsat-7 Mission and Early Results

The Landsat-7 mission has the goal of acquiring annual data sets of reflective band digital imagery of the landmass of the Earth at a spatial resolution of 30 meters for a period of five years using the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imager on the Landsat-7 satellite. The satellite was launched on April 15, 1999. The mission builds on the 27-year continuous archive of thematic images of the Earth from previous Landsat satellites. This paper will describe the ETM+ instrument, the spacecraft, and the ground processing system in place to accomplish the mission. Results from the first few months in orbit will be given, with emphasis on performance parameters that affect image quality, quantity, and availability. There will also be a discussion of the Landsat Data Policy and the user interface designed to make contents of the archive readily available, expedite ordering, and distribute the data quickly. Landsat-7, established by a Presidential Directive and a Public Law, is a joint program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observing System (EROS) Data Center.

Dolan, S. Kenneth↗
NASA NTRS2008

Modifying the Heliophysics Data Policy to Better Enable Heliophysics Research

The Heliophysics (HP) Science Data Management Policy, adopted by HP in June 2007, has helped to provide a structure for the HP data lifecycle. It provides guidelines for Project Data Management Plans and related documents, initiates Resident Archives to maintain data services after a mission ends, and outlines a route to the unification of data finding, access, and distribution through Virtual observatories. Recently we have filled in missing pieces that assure more coherence and a home for the VxOs (through the 'Heliophsyics Data and Model Consortium'), and provide greater clarity with respect to long term archiving. In particular, the new policy which has been vetted with many community members, details the 'Final Archives' that are to provide long-term data access. These are distinguished from RAs in that they provide little additional service beyond servicing data, but critical to their success is that the final archival materials include calibrated data in useful formats such as one finds in CDAWeb and various ASCII or FITS archives. Having a clear goal for legacy products, to be detailed as part of the Mission Archives Plans presented at Senior Reviews, will help to avoid the situation so common in the past of having archival products that preserve bits well but not readily usable information. We hope to avoid the need for the large numbers of 'data upgrade' projects that have been necessary in recent years.

Hayes, Jeffrey↗
DOE OSTI2017

Draft genome sequence of type strain HBR26T and description of Rhizobium aethiopicum sp. nov.

Rhizobium aethiopicum sp. nov. is a newly proposed species within the genus Rhizobium. This species includes six rhizobial strains; which were isolated from root nodules of the legume plant Phaseolus vulgaris growing in soils of Ethiopia. The species fixes nitrogen effectively in symbiosis with the host plant P. vulgaris, and is composed of aerobic, Gram-negative staining, rod-shaped bacteria. The genome of type strain HBR26 T of R. aethiopicum sp. nov. was one of the rhizobial genomes sequenced as a part of the DOE JGI 2014 Genomic Encyclopedia project designed for soil and plant-associated and newly described type strains. The genome sequence is arranged in 62 scaffolds and consists of 6,557,588 bp length, with a 61% G + C content and 6221 protein-coding and 86 RNAs genes. The genome of HBR26 T contains repABC genes (plasmid replication genes) homologous to the genes found in five differen t Rhizobium etli CFN42 T plasmids, suggesting that HBR26 T may have five additional replicons other than the chromosome. In the genome of HBR26 T , the nodulation genes nodB, nodC, nodS, nodI, nodJ and nodD are located in the same module, and organized in a similar way as nod genes found in the genome of other known common bean-nodulating rhizobial species. nodA gene is found in a different scaffold, but it is also very similar to nodA genes of other bean-nodulating rhizobial strains. Though HBR26 T is distinct on the phylogenetic tree and based on ANI analysis (the highest value 90.2% ANI with CFN42 T ) from other bean-nodulating species, these nod genes and most nitrogen-fixing genes found in the genome of HBR26 T share high identity with the corresponding genes of known bean-nodulating rhizobial species (96-100% identity). This suggests that symbiotic genes might be shared between bean-nodulating rhizobia through horizontal gene transfer. R. aethiopicum sp. nov. was grouped into the genus Rhizobium but was distinct from all recognized species of that genus by phylogenetic analyses of combined sequences of the housekeeping genes recA and glnII. The closest reference type strains for HBR26 T were R. etli CFN42 T (94% similarity of the combined recA and glnII sequences) and Rhizobium bangladeshense BLR175 T (93%). Genomic ANI calculation based on protein-coding genes also revealed that the closest reference strains were R. bangladeshense BLR175 T and R. etli CFN42 T with ANI values 91.8 and 90.2%, respectively. Nevertheless, the ANI values between HBR26 T and BLR175 T or CFN42 T are far lower than the cutoff value of ANI ( > = 96%) between strains in the same species, confirming that HBR26 T belongs to a novel species. Thus, on the basis of phylogenetic, comparative genomic analyses and ANI results, we formally propose the creation of R. aethiopicum sp. nov. with strain HBR26 T (=HAMBI 3550 T =LMG 29711 T ) as the type strain. The genome assembly and annotation data is deposited in the DOE JGI portal and also available at European Nucleotide Archive under accession numbers FMAJ01000001-FMAJ01000062.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

COMBLE Ice Nucleating Particle Measurements

These data list ice nucleating particle (INP) number concentrations active in the immersion freezing mode per large volumes of air collected using filters, sampled atop the AOS trailer, part of AMF1, sited at Nordmela Harbor, Andøya Island, Norway, from 01 December 2019 to 26 May 2020, as part of the Cold-air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE). Collections were made over periods of 6 to 74 hours (average 34 h and 42 m3 filtered), with periods tailored to integrate cold-air outbreaks or flanking periods of non-cold-air outbreak air. We used open-faced polycarbonate filters that were sampled at a height of 4 m AGL on the AOS trailer (6 m below its inlet), 6-8 m ASL and 30 m inland from the harbor wall, and near the other AMF measurements. Filters were stored and returned frozen to Colorado State University (CSU), where immersion freezing measurements over a range from 0 to typically -28°C were made using the CSU Ice Spectrometer (IS). This first entailed the removal of particles (agitation of filter in 0.1 µm filtered ultrapure water) from filters to create aliquot suspensions that were subdivided (and frozen) for subsequent analyses. One portion was used to obtain a basic temperature spectrum of INP number concentrations on the basis of the freezing of an array of smaller liquid aliquots during cooling, and relation of the frozen fraction to the total air volume sampled. A subset of other portions of the original suspension aliquots were heat treated (95°C for 20 min) to denature biological INPs (a reduction in concentrations reveals the proportion of all INPs that were likely of biological origin, such as microbial or proteinaceous) and digested in 10% H2O2 at 95°C under UV-B illumination to remove all organic carbon INPs; the residual is presumed to be inorganic (likely mineral) INPs. Other samples have been archived frozen for future potential testing of INP source compositions and aerosol chemical and biological source attribution.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

A Scalable and Extensible Earth System Model for Climate Change Science

The objective of this award was to build a scalable and extensible Earth System Model that can be used to study climate change science. That objective has been achieved with the public release of the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). In particular, the development of the CESM1 atmospheric chemistry component was substantially funded by this award, as was the development of the significantly improved coupler component. The CESM1 allows new climate change science in areas such as future air quality in very large cities, the effects of recovery of the southern hemisphere ozone hole, and effects of runoff from ice melt in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Results from a whole series of future climate projections using the CESM1 are also freely available via the web from the CMIP5 archive at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Many research papers using these results have now been published, and will form part of the 5 th Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is to be published late in 2013.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

PDB ‐101: Educational resources supporting molecular explorations through biology and medicine

Abstract The Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive is a rich source of information in the form of atomic‐level three‐dimensional (3D) structures of biomolecules experimentally determined using macromolecular crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy (3DEM). Originally established in 1971 as a resource for protein crystallographers to freely exchange data, today PDB data drive research and education across scientific disciplines. In 2011, the online portal PDB‐101 was launched to support teachers, students, and the general public in PDB archive exploration ( pdb101.rcsb.org ). Maintained by the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics PDB, PDB‐101 aims to help train the next generation of PDB users and to promote the overall importance of structural biology and protein science to nonexperts. Regularly published features include the highly popular Molecule of the Month series, 3D model activities, molecular animation videos, and educational curricula. Materials are organized into various categories (Health and Disease, Molecules of Life, Biotech and Nanotech, and Structures and Structure Determination) and searchable by keyword. A biennial health focus frames new resource creation and provides topics for annual video challenges for high school students. Web analytics document that PDB‐101 materials relating to fundamental topics (e.g., hemoglobin, catalase) are highly accessed year‐on‐year. In addition, PDB‐101 materials created in response to topical health matters (e.g., Zika, measles, coronavirus) are well received. PDB‐101 shows how learning about the diverse shapes and functions of PDB structures promotes understanding of all aspects of biology, from the central dogma of biology to health and disease to biological energy.

Zardecki, Christine↗