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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59

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NASA NTRS1982

Atmosphere explorer and the IMS

The Atmosphere Explorer (AE) program provided assistance to participants in the International Magnetosphere Study (IMS). The AE program, which began about 1970 employed three spacecraft in three complementary orbits. The program initiated a concept of a common data base, which is, a data base shared by all the participating investigators, to facilitate the correlation of the measured parameters. The immediate goal of the AE program has been study of the thermosphere, giving particular attention to photochemistry. Three satellites, AE-C, D, and E, were launched into orbits of 68 deg, 90 deg, and 19 deg inclination respectively in December 1973, October 1975, and November 1975. An instrument complement description is provided, and the AE data base is discussed.

Spencer, N. W.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Trends in shuttle entry heating from the correction of flight test maneuvers

A new technique was developed to systematically expand the aerothermodynamic envelope of the Space Shuttle Protection System (TPS). The technique required transient flight test maneuvers which were performed on the second, fourth, and fifth Shuttle reentries. Kalman filtering and parameter estimation were used for the reduction of embedded thermocouple data to obtain best estimates of aerothermal parameters. Difficulties in reducing the data were overcome or minimized. Thermal parameters were estimated to minimize uncertainties, and heating rate parameters were estimated to correlate with angle of attack, sideslip, deflection angle, and Reynolds number changes. Heating trends from the maneuvers allow for rapid and safe envelope expansion needed for future missions, except for some local areas.

Hodge, J. K.↗

NASA NTRS1983

A total life prediction model for stress concentration sites

Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on center crack panels and radial crack hole samples. The data were reduced and correlated with the elastic parameter K taking into account finite width and corner crack corrections. The anomalous behavior normally associated with short cracks was not observed. Total life estimates for notches were made by coupling an initiation life estimate with a propagation life estimate.

Hartman, G. A.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Effects of unsteady free stream velocity and free stream turbulence on stagnation point heat transfer

The combined effects of transient free stream velocity and free stream turbulence on heat transfer at a stagnation point over a cylinder situated in a crossflow are studied. An eddy diffusivity model was formulated and the governing momentum and energy equations are integrated by means of the steepest descent method. The numerical results for the wall shear stress and heat transfer rate are correlated by a turbulence parameter. The wall friction and heat transfer rate increase with increasing free stream turbulence intensity.

Gorla, R. S. R.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Velocity and temperature characteristics of two-stream, coplanar jet exhaust plumes

The subsonic jet exhaust velocity and temperature characteristics of model scale, two stream coplanar nozzles were obtained experimentally. The data obtained included the effects of fan to primary stream velocity and temperature ratios on the jet axial and radial flow characteristics. Empirical parameters were developed to correlate the measured data. The resultant equations were shown to be extensions of a previously published single stream jet velocity and temperature correlation.

Vonglahn, U. H.↗

NASA NTRS1983

On the stellar rotation-activity connection

The relationship between rotation rates and surface activity in late-type dwarf stars is explored in a survey of recent theoretical and observational studies. Current theoretical models of stellar-magnetic-field production and coronal activity are examined, including linear kinematic dynamo theory, nonlinear dynamos using approximations, and full numerical simulations of the MHD equations; and some typical results are presented graphically. The limitations of the modeling procedures and the constraints imposed by the physics are indicated. The statistical techniques used in establishing correlations between various observational parameters are analyzed critically, and the methods developed for quasar luminosity functions by Avni et al. (1980) are used to evaluate the effects of upper detection bounds, incomplete samples, and missing data for the case of rotation and X-ray flux data.

Rosner, R.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Velocity and temperature characteristics of two-stream, coplanar jet exhaust plumes

Von Glahn, U.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Representing Multidimensional Systems Using Visual Displays

Techniques employed to represent multiattribute information in an integrated, object display are reviewed and discussed. A study is proposed to investigate the effects of system parameters such as intervariable correlation on the choice of an optimal display format. The results of a psychophysical scaling study of five different displays are presented.

Casey, E. J.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Preliminary analysis of tone-excited two-stream jet velocity decay

Acoustic research related to jet flows has established that sound, by amplifying the naturally occuring large-scale structures in turbulent shear layers, can cause a more rapidly decay of the jet plume velocity and temperature and an increase in jet spreading rate. One possible application of this sound-flow interaction phenomenon is to future STOL aircraft that may require modified jet plume characteristics in order to reduce the loads and temperatures on the deflected flaps during take-off and landing operations. The tone-excitation effect on the velocity decay of model-scale, two-stream jet plumes is analyzed. Measured data are correlated in terms of parameters that include excitation sound level and outer-to-inner stream velocity ratio. The effect of plume tone-excitation on far-field jet noise is examined and its implication for large-scale two-stream jets is discussed.

Vonglahn, U. H.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Observations of solar flare gamma-rays and protons

Solar flare gamma-rays (4 to 7 MeV) and protons (8 to 500 MeV) were simultaneously observed from six flares on 1 Apr., 4 Apr., 27, Apr. 13, May 1981, 1 Feb. and 6 June 1982 by the Hinotori and GMS satellites. The relationship between 4 to 7 MeV gamma-ray fluences and peak 16 to 34 MeV proton fluxes for these flares are analyzed. It does not reveal an apparent correlation between these two parameters. The present result implies that the protons producing gamma-rays and the protons observed near the Earth do not always belong to the same population.

Yoshimori, M.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Combined influence of unsteady free stream velocity and free stream turbulence on stagnation point heat transfer

An analysis is presented to study the combined effects of transient free stream velocity and free stream turbulence on heat transfer at a stagnation point over a cylinder situated in a crossflow. An expression for the eddy diffusivity has been formulated and the governing momentum and energy equations are integrated by means of the steepest descent method. The numerical results for the heat transfer rate are correlated by a turbulence parameter. It has been found that the stagnation point heat transfer rate increases with increasing free stream turbulence intensity.

Gorla, R. S. R.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Observations on the propagation, growth, and predictability of Gulf Stream meanders

During a three-year period, Gulf Stream positions determined by satellite infrared imagery on a grid northeast of Cape Hatteras have been correlated against 'inlet' path parameters (displacement from the mean position, angle, and curvature) monitored by an array of inverted echo sounders. By cross-spectral calculations between these measurements, the downstream coherences, phase speeds, and spatial growth rates were determined. The downstream path predictability from these inlet parameters was tested in a multiple input linear response model. The most energetic meanders, with periods of 33-50 days, remained highly coherent for 300 km downstream, roughly the dominant wavelength, with marginal coherence again at 500-575 km. Phase speeds are frequency dependent and decrease with distance downstream. For the 50- (33) day meanders, phase speeds decreased from 10 (17) km/d at the inlet to 6 (8) km/d at a distance downstream of about 550 km. The average growth rate (spatial e-folding wave number) over the entire region is 1.3 x 10 to the -3rd per km. Within 300 km of the inlet, the multiple coherence accounts for 55-65 percent of the total path-displacement variance, with displacement and angle being the best individual predictors in the first and last halves of this region, respectively.

Vazquez, J.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Targeted flight opportunities with large area collectors

A major factor in the stratospheric collection process is the relative density of particles at the collection altitude. With current aircraft-borne collector plate geometries, one potential extraterrestrial particle of about 10 micron diameter is collected approximately every hour. However, a new design for the collector plate, termed the Large Area Collector (LAC), allows a factor of 10 improvement in collection efficiency over current conventional geometry. The implementation of LAC design on future stratospheric collection flights will provide many opportunities for additional data on both terrestrial and extraterrestrial phenomena. With the improvement in collection efficiency, LAC's may provide a suitable number of potential extraterrestrial particles in one short flight of between 4 and 8 hours duration. Alternatively, total collection periods of approximately 40 hours enhance the probability that rare particles can be retrieved from the stratosphere. This latter approach is of great value for the cosmochemist who may wish to perform sophisticated analyses on interplanetary dust greater than a picogram. The former approach, involving short duration flights, may also provide invaluable data on the source of many extraterrestrial particles. The time dependence of particle entry to the collection altitude is an important parameter which may be correlated with specific global events (e.g., meteoroid streams) provided the collection time is known to an accuracy of 2 hours.

Mackinnon, I. D. R.↗

NASA NTRS1985

MPD thruster performance - Propellant distribution and species effects

Previous research has shown that MPD thruster performance, as measured by thrust, specific impulse, and efficiency, is limited by a so-called 'onset' current level. Experimental results are presented which show that the onset current level varies with the radial position of mass injection. Specifically, mass injection into either of two zones results in drastically different performance for both argon and xenon propellants. This difference in performance is evidenced by the onset current levels, the onset V-J signatures, and the overall V-J characteristics. The behavior of the thruster with the total mass flow split between the two zones follows a transition between the zonal behavioral limits. The behavior of propellant mixtures also follows a transition between the behavior of the individual propellant species. The flow region between the two zones is characterized by a particle number density discontinuity, a large axial current density, and a large electron Hall parameter, suggesting a possible correlation between observed onset phenomena and a shear-flow discontinuity located in the region between the two zones.

Kelly, A. J.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Acousto-ultrasonic measurements to monitor damage during fatigue of composites

An acousto-ultrasonic nondestructive testing method used to monitor damage during static and fatigue loading of thin graphite epoxy laminates is described. The experimental procedure, the signal analysis by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, and the results of this analysis are discussed. Quasi-static tension tests showed a sharp decrease in the quantitative parameters when transverse cracks developed in the 90 degrees plies of a (0, 90/2/)s laminate. When internal micro-delaminations unite to form macro-delaminations, a sharp decrease in the parameters is also observed. The parameters are found to correlate well with other indications of damage development such as stiffness and degradation. The root mean square value of the moment is found to be more sensitive to damage than stiffness. Various signals and spectrums of graphite epoxy systems are presented.

Govada, A.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Statistical analysis of fast hard X-ray bursts by SMM observations and microwave bursts by ground-based observations

In order to understand the relationship between fast hard X-ray bursts (HXRB) and microwave bursts (MWB), data were used from the following publications: NASA Technical Memorandum 84998; Solar Geological Data (1980 to 1983); monthly report of Solar Radio Emission; and NASA and NSF: Solar Geophysical Data (1980 to 1983). For analyzing individual events, the criterion of the same event for HXRB and MWB is determined by peak time difference. There is a good linear correlation between the physical parameter of HXRB and MWB.

Li, Chun-Sheng↗

NASA NTRS1986

Remote sensing of the atmosphere of Mars using infrared pressure modulation and filter radiometry

The study of the atmosphere and climate of Mars will soon be advanced considerably by the Mars Observer mission. This paper describes the atmospheric sounder for this mission and how it will measure key Martian atmospheric parameters using IR gas correlation and filter radiometry. The instrument now under development will provide high-resolution vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, pressure, water vapor, dust, and clouds using limb sounding techniques as well as nadir observations of surface thermal properties and polar radiative balance.

Mccleese, D. J.↗

NASA NTRS1987

SIR-B ocean-wave enhancement with fast Fourier transform techniques

Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-B) imagery is Fourier filtered to remove the estimated system-transfer function, reduce speckle noise, and produce ocean scenes with a gray scale that is proportional to wave height. The SIR-B system response to speckled scenes of uniform surfaces yields an estimate of the stationary wavenumber response of the imaging radar, modeled by the 15 even terms of an eighth-order two-dimensional polynomial. Speckle can also be used to estimate the dynamic wavenumber response of the system due to surface motion during the aperture synthesis period, modeled with a single adaptive parameter describing an exponential correlation along track. A Fourier filter can then be devised to correct for the wavenumber response of the remote sensor and scene correlation, with subsequent subtraction of an estimate of the speckle noise component. A linearized velocity bunching model, combined with a surface tilt and hydrodynamic model, is incorporated in the Fourier filter to derive estimates of wave height from the radar intensities corresponding to individual picture elements.

Tilley, David G.↗