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Apollo Lightcraft Project

This second year of the NASA/USRA-sponsored Advanced Aeronautical Design effort focused on systems integration and analysis of the Apollo Lightcraft. This beam-powered, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle is envisioned as the shuttlecraft of the 21st century. The five person vehicle was inspired largely by the Apollo Command Module, then reconfigured to include a new front seat with dual cockpit controls for the pilot and co-pilot, while still retaining the 3-abreast crew accommodations in the rear seat. The gross liftoff mass is 5550 kg, of which 500 kg is the payload and 300 kg is the LH2 propellant. The round trip cost to orbit is projected to be three orders of magnitude lower than the current space shuttle orbiter. The advanced laser-driven 5-speed combined-cycle engine has shiftpoints at Mach 1, 5, 11 and 25+. The Apollo Lightcraft can climb into low Earth orbit in three minutes, or fly to any spot on the globe in less than 45 minutes. Detailed investigations of the Apollo Lightcraft Project this second year further evolved the propulsion system design, while focusing on the following areas: (1) man/machine interface; (2) flight control systems; (3) power beaming system architecture; (4) re-entry aerodynamics; (5) shroud structural dynamics; and (6) optimal trajectory analysis. The principal new findings are documented. Advanced design efforts for the next academic year (1988/1989) will center on a one meter+ diameter spacecraft: the Lightcraft Technology Demonstrator (LTD). Detailed engineering design and analyses, as well as critical proof-of-concept experiments, will be carried out on this small, near-term machine. As presently conceived, the LTD could be constructed using state of the art components derived from existing liquid chemical rocket engine technology, advanced composite materials, and high power laser optics.

Myrabo, Leik N.

Recovery of atmospheric parameters from the Apollo/Soyuz-ATS-F radio occultation data

As part of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Apollo was tracked in the satellite-to-satellite tracking mode by ATS-F. The tracking data obtained at occultation of Apollo by the earth has been used in this study to compute atmospheric parameters like pressure and temperature. The results of the numerical inversion have been compared with data from a radiosonde station near the occultation site. Near the surface of the earth, the refractivity computed from occultation data agreed with the radiosonde-derived values to within 3%. A pressure profile deduced from the refractivity profile by using a simplified model of the atmosphere showed good agreement with radiosonde measurements.

Rangaswamy, S.

Summary of lightning activities by NASA for the Apollo Soyuz test project: Supplement no. 1 to Apollo Soyuz mission evaluation report

To avoid the possibility of an unnecessary launch delay, a special program was initiated to provide aircraft measurement of electric fields at various altitudes over the Apollo vehicle launch pad. Eight aircraft, each equipped with electric field meters, were used in the program. This program and some of the more important findings are discussed. Also included is a summary of the history of manned space vehicle involvement with lightning, a brief description of the lightning instrumentation in use at KSC (Kennedy Space Center) at the time of the Apollo Soyuz mission and a discussion of the airborne instrumentation and related data.

Source record

The Apollo Experience Reports.

This paper presents some of the problems and procedures in producing the Apollo Experience Reports, a series of about 121 documents covering the major technical system and subsystem experience in the design concepts for the Apollo Project, NASA's manned lunar landing program. This series of documents replaced technical conferences to document Apollo experience, and met the need to document crew/hardware interface experience. The purpose of these reports is to provide guidance for future programs of the magnitude and complexity of the Apollo Project and to convey very specific information to a selective segment of the engineering and technical management sectors of the aerospace community.

Holman, D. N.

A description of hardware and mission planning for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project

The Apollo-Soyuz Test Program (ASTP) is scheduled for flight in July 1975. This paper will describe briefly the mission planning and hardware associated with the program. Of interest are modifications to the basic Apollo and Soyuz vehicles as well as the newly developed docking module and docking system. Joint aspects of the mission profile are explained. Science objectives and corresponding experiments are described. Utilization of the ATS-6 Satellite for relay of TV, voice, and data to the ground is also a topic. The paper concludes with a discussion of the joint flight control interface.

Littleton, F. C.

Near earth photographs from the Apollo missions and the Apollo-Soyuz test project, part 4

Apollo Erath Photographs Index - Maps Apollo Mission 9 Apollo 9 frames AS9-19-2989 and 2990, instead of beginning south of Corpus Christi and running north (as shown on page 11of the Apollo Earth Photographs Index Maps document) begins south of Houston and point southward toward Corpus Christi. Because of this the framing indicated on page 11 is reversed.

L. E. Giddings

The apollo program.

Organization and management, test and development aspects of Apollo project

APOLLO PROJECT

Apollo systems

Network data systems to support Apollo project

Data control system

"Before This Decade Is Out...": Personal Reflections on the Apollo Program

This handbook presents "Before This Decade Is Out..." Personal Reflections on the Appolo Program. The accounts included in this book are a small sampling of the large number of oral histories that have been conducted under the auspices of the NASA history program, since near the beginning of the Agency. They also represent the many personal contributions made during Project Apollo, the single largest peacetime endeavor in American history. These recollections span the origins, management, and completion of that enormous effort and measurably enhance our appreciation of its difficulty. The comments of some of the key individuals involved in Project Apollo are being preserved by NASA and made available through this book. The people who are quoted in this book were among the top leaders of NASA. All of them played a prominent part in the conduct and accomplishments of Appolo.

Swanson, Glen E.