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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Scanning systems for particle cancer therapy

A particle beam to treat malignant tissue is delivered to a patient by a gantry. The gantry includes a plurality of small magnets sequentially arranged along a beam tube to transfer the particle beam with strong focusing and a small dispersion function, whereby a beam size is very small, allowing for the small magnet size. Magnets arranged along the beam tube uses combined function magnets where the magnetic field is a combination of a bending dipole field with a focusing or defocusing quadrupole field. A triplet set of combined function magnets defines the beam size at the patient. A scanning system of magnets arranged along the beam tube after the bending system delivers the particle beam in a direction normal to the patient, to minimize healthy skin and tissue exposure to the particle beam.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Light focusing using epsilon-near-zero metamaterials

We present a strategy of focusing light using epsilon-near-zero metamaterials with embedded dielectric cylinder. The focusing mechanism is analytically investigated, and its accuracy is substantiated by rigorous full-wave simulations. It is found that the focusing intensity is highly depend on the embedded medium and its size, and the magnetic field amplitude of the focused beam itself can reach as high as 98.2 times the incident field. Owing to its versatility, the proposed light focusing system is sure to find applications in fields such as bio-sensing and in nonlinear optics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Commissioning the Super High Momentum Spectrometer in Hall C at Jefferson Lab

The Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) is a new spectrometer installed in Hall C at Jefferson Lab that can detect particles over a range of central momenta from 2-11 GeV/c and scattering angles from 5.5 to 40 degrees. Jefferson Lab delivers a high intensity electron beam with an energy up to 11 GeV to fixed targets in Hall C. The SHMS is a highly precise and essential upgrade for the 12 GeV Jefferson Lab physics program. Its beam line consists of a dipole magnet with a 3-degree horizontal bend, three quadrupole magnets for horizontal and vertical focusing of the beam, and the spectrometer dipole capable of a 4 T central magnetic field and 18.4-degree bend angle. Measurements in Hall C can be taken with the SHMS independently or in coincidence with the existing High Momentum Spectrometer (HMS). The SHMS was installed in the spring of 2017 and commissioned during the fall 2017/winter 2018 using a range of electron beam energies. This talk summarizes the initial results of the optics tuning of the SHMS and the performance during recent experimental running to include initial elastic hydrogen scattering measurements.

Szumila-Vance, Holly↗
DOE OSTI2023

Chirality reversal of magnetic solitons in chiral Cr 1/3 TaS 2

Ferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials provides an ideal platform to study emergent electromagnetic phenomena in low dimensions for future spintronics. In magnetic-element intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides, topologically nontrivial spin textures, such as chiral helimagnetic spin states and chiral soliton lattices, are realized due to the chiral lattice distortions induced by intercalated magnetic ions. Consequently, the magnetic chirality is predictably determined by the sign of antisymmetric exchange interaction (or Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, DMI) vector that is coupled to the underlying crystal chirality. Here, using cryogenic Lorentz phase microscopy, we directly observed the chirality reversal behavior of the chiral soliton lattices in Cr 1/3 TaS 2 across the structural defects. We show that a partial 1 T stacking in 2H-TaS 2 locally reduces DMI, leading to magnetic chirality reversal with direct atomic resolution imaging. Furthermore, our experimental results show that manipulation of stacking sequence provides a viable way to control the chirality of topologically nontrivial soliton lattices in 2D magnets.

2D materials↗
DOE OSTI2014

Focusing electrode and coaxial reflector used for reducing the guiding magnetic field of the Ku-band foilless transit-time oscillator

Based on the theoretical analysis of the intense relativistic electron beam propagation in the coaxial drift-tube, a focusing electrode and a coaxial reflector is proposed to lessen the demand of the coaxial Ku-band foilless transit-time oscillator (TTO) for the guiding magnetic field. Moreover, a Ku-band TTO with the focusing electrode and the coaxial reflector is designed and studied by particle in cell simulation. When the diode voltage is 390 kV, the beam current 7.8 kA, and the guiding magnetic field is only 0.3 T, the device can output 820 MW microwave pulse at 14.25 GHz by means of the simulation. However, for the device without them, the output power is only 320 MW. The primary experiments are also carried out. When the guiding magnetic field is 0.3 T, the output power of the device with the focusing electrode and the coaxial reflector is double that of the one without them. The simulation and experimental results prove that the focusing electrode and the coaxial reflector are effective on reducing the guiding magnetic field of the device.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Resistive Wall Simulations for the DARHT Multi-Pulse Test Line

The multi-pulse test line (MPTL) presently under T development at the Dual Axis Radiography Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility may have several meters of drifting beam transport without external magnetic focusing field. The absence of external magnetic focusing is the worst case for growth of the resistive-wall instability. This instability is usually considered to be strictly a long-pulse (low-frequency) problem, but has been theoretically shown to couple the multiple pulses in a long pulse train, such as are expected to be the subject of experimentation on the MPTL. In this note, we explore the resistive wall instability in the MPTL parameter range using our LAMDA beam dynamics code. (LAMDA stands for Linear Accelerator Model for DARHT)

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Space Charge Correction on Emittance Measurement of Low Energy Electron Beams

The goal of any particle accelerator is to optimize the transport of a charged particle beam along a set path by confining the beam to a small region close to the design trajectory and directing it accurately along the beamline. To do so in the simplest fashion, accelerators use a system of magnets that exert approximately linear electromagnetic forces on the charged beam. These electromagnets bend the beam along the desired path, in the case of bending magnets, and constrain the beam to the desired area through alternating focusing and defocusing effects, in the case of quadrupole magnets. We can model the transport of such a beam through transfer matrices representing the actions of the various beamline elements. However, space charge effects, produced from self electric fields within the beam, defocus the beam and must be accounted for in the calculation of beam emittance. We present below the preliminary results of a MATLAB code built to model the transport of a charged particle beam through an accelerator and measure the emittance under the influence of space charge effects. We demonstrate the method of correctly calculating the emittance of a beam under space charge effects using a least square fit to determine the initial properties of the beam given the beam size measured at a specific point after transport.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Foil focusing of relativistic electron beams

When an intense relativistic electron beams (IREB) passes through a grounded metal foil, the transverse electric field due to the beam space charge is locally shorted out, and the beam is focused by the magnetic field of its current. The effect can be treated as focusing by a thin lens with first order aberration. Expressions for the focal length and aberration coefficient of the equivalent thin lens are developed in this note. These are then applied to practical examples representative of IREB research at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Muon Beam Emittance Evolution in the Helical Ionization Cooling Channel for Bright Muon Sources

The six-dimensional ionization cooling is essential to design a bright muon source. A geometry constraint is a challenge issue in a compact helical cooling channel (HCC). Especially, the HCC requires a large bore helical magnet and a compact helical RF system to incorporate the RF into the magnet chamber. A new emittance evolution has been designed to mitigate the geometry constraint. The HCC was functionally separated into three parts sections. The lattice at the initial section provides a large transverse acceptance by using a strong helical focus magnet. Once the transverse beam size is small enough to get into the compact RF the HCC lattice in the middle section generates a large longitudinal beta tune to dominate the longitudinal cooling. Consequently, the longitudinal emittance becomes smaller than the transverse one at the end of middle section. In the final section, the magnetic field strength is gradually reduced to match out the helical channel to the straight solenoid. As a result, the emittance exchange takes place and the final transverse emittance becomes smaller than the longitudinal one. The new emittance evolution scenario will be discussed in this presentation.

Derbenev, Yaroslav↗
DOE OSTI2014

Iron beam acceleration using direct plasma injection scheme

A new set of vanes of radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator was commissioned using highly charged iron beam. To supply high intensity heavy ion beams to the RFQ, direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) with a confinement solenoid was adopted. One of the difficulties to utilize the combination of DPIS and a solenoid field is a complexity of electro magnetic field at the beam extraction region, since biasing high static electric field for ion extraction, RFQ focusing field, and the solenoid magnetic field fill the same space simultaneously. To mitigate the complexity, a newly designed magnetic field clamps were used. The intense iron beam was observed with bunched structure and the total accelerated current reached 2.5 nC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Performance of Superconducting Magnet Prototypes for LCLS-II Linear Accelerator

The new LCLS-II Linear Superconducting Accelerator at SLAC needs superconducting magnet packages installed inside SCRF Cryomodules to focus and steer an electron beam. Two magnet prototypes were built and successfully tested at Fermilab. Magnets have an iron dominated configuration, quadrupole and dipole NbTi superconducting coils, and splittable in the vertical plane configuration. Magnets inside the Cryomodule are conductively cooled through pure Al heat sinks. Both magnets performance was verified by magnetic measurements at room temperature, and during cold tests in liquid helium. Test results including magnetic measurements are discussed. Special attention was given to the magnet performance at low currents where the iron yoke and the superconductor hysteresis effects have large influence. Both magnet prototypes were accepted for the installation in FNAL and JLAB prototype Cryomodules.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Correlative Magnetic Imaging of Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Media in Cross Section Using Lorentz TEM and MFM

In order to increase the storage density of hard disk drives, a detailed understanding of the magnetic structure of the granular magnetic layer is essential. Here, we demonstrate an experimental procedure of imaging recorded bits on heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media in cross section using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM). With magnetic force microscopy and focused ion beam (FIB), we successfully targeted a single track to prepare cross-sectional TEM specimens. Then, we characterized the magnetic structure of bits with their precise location and orientation using Fresnel mode of Lorentz TEM. Here, this method can promote understanding of the correlation between bits and their material structure in HAMR media to design better the magnetic layer.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

From Spreadsheet to Assembly, Using NX Automation

At Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), accelerator physicists design beamlines that will accelerate electrons to energies up to 12 GeV. Beamline designs are created, employing a series of SRF accelerating cavities, bending and focusing electro-magnets, and beam diagnostics. Typically, mechanical and structural constraints are not taken into consideration in the initial designs and this results in many design iterations. A typical beamline will have hundreds to thousands of design components listed in their design orbit. Previously, components needed to be inserted one at a time to populate the beamline assembly. A process was developed at JLab to take accelerator physics data and automate the process to populate an assembly with the thousands of components. A spreadsheet of position and orientation data as well as a component matrix of part names vs. Teamcenter elements are input files for customized a NX journaling program, which is used to place the many elements into the resulting assembly. This presentation explains the process, the challenges, and the tools used to develop this process and the resulting project. An examination of the time savings is also presented.

Lassiter, Ronald↗
NASA NTRS1993

Plasma separation from magnetic field lines in a magnetic nozzle

This paper discusses conditions for separation of a plasma from the magnetic field of a magnetic nozzle. The analysis assumes a collisionless, quasineutral plasma, and therefore the results represent a lower bound on the amount of detachment possible for a given set of plasma conditions. We show that collisionless separation can occur because finite electron mass inhibits the flow of azimuthal currents in the nozzle. Separation conditions are governed by a parameter G which depends on plasma and nozzle conditions. Several methods of improving plasma detachment are presented, including moving the plasma generation zone downstream from the region of strongest magnetic field and using dual magnets to focus the plasma beam. Plasma detachment can be enhanced by manipulation of the nozzle configuration.

Kaufman, D. A.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications

Three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures hold great potential to revolutionize information technologies and to enable the study of novel physical phenomena. In this work, we describe a hybrid nanofabrication process combining bottom-up 3D nano-printing and top-down thin film deposition, which leads to the fabrication of complex magnetic nanostructures suitable for the study of new 3D magnetic effects. First, a non-magnetic 3D scaffold is nano-printed using Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition; then a thin film magnetic material is thermally evaporated onto the scaffold, leading to a functional 3D magnetic nanostructure. Scaffold geometries are extended beyond recently developed single-segment geometries by introducing a dual-pitch patterning strategy. Additionally, by tilting the substrate during growth, low-angle segments can be patterned, circumventing a major limitation of this nano-printing process; this is demonstrated by the fabrication of ‘staircase’ nanostructures with segments parallel to the substrate. The suitability of nano-printed scaffolds to support thermally evaporated thin films is discussed, outlining the importance of including supporting pillars to prevent deformation during the evaporation process. Employing this set of methods, a set of nanostructures tailored to precisely match a dark-field magneto-optical magnetometer have been fabricated and characterized. This work demonstrates the versatility of this hybrid technique and the interesting magnetic properties of the nanostructures produced, opening a promising route for the development of new 3D devices for applications and fundamental studies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Optimum tunes for the DARHT and Scorpius linear induction accelerators

A systematic approach to design of optimum magnetic focusing tunes for linear induction accelerators (LIA) is described. The magnetic fields used for focusing and beam transport must be strong enough to suppress beam breakup, yet not so strong that they induce envelope instability. Balancing these objectives, while also minimizing magnet power requirements, results in the optimum tune.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗