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At least 109 records · Page 6

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DOE OSTI2026

Investigation of low-energy particle remnants in high-energy collisions at the LHC with a skipper-CCD detector

We deployed the Mobile Skipper Testing Apparatus ∼33 m away from the Compact Muon Solenoid collision point, the first skipper-CCD detector probing low-energy particles produced in high-energy collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. In this work, we search for beam-related events using data collected in 2024 during beam-on and beam-off periods. The dataset corresponds to integrated luminosities of 113.3 fb −1 and 1.54 nb −1 for the proton-proton and Pb-Pb collision periods, respectively. We report observed event rates in a model-independent framework across two ionization regions: ≤ 20⁢𝑒 − and > 20⁢𝑒 − . For the low-energy region, we perform a likelihood analysis to test the null hypothesis of no beam-correlated signal. We found no significant correlation during proton-proton and Pb-Pb collisions. For the high-energy region, we present the energy spectra for both collision periods and compare event rates for images with and without luminosity. We observe a slight increase in the event rate following the Pb-Pb collisions, coinciding with a rise in the single-electron rate, which will be investigated in future work. Using the low-energy proton-proton results, we place 95% confidence level constraints on the mass-millicharge parameter space of millicharged particles. Overall, the results in this work demonstrate the viability of skipper-CCD technology to explore new physics at high-energy colliders and motivate future searches with more massive detectors.

Cervantes-Vergara, Brenda A. [Fermi National Accel↗

DOE OSTI2026

Charge-trap analysis in a SENSEI skipper-CCD: Understanding low-energy backgrounds in rare-event searches

Skipper charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are ultralow-threshold detectors capable of detecting energy deposits in silicon at the electronvolt scale. Skipper CCDs are increasingly used in rare-event searches, including experiments such as SENSEI, DAMIC-M, Oscura, and CONNIE, where one of the major challenges is mitigating low-energy backgrounds. In this work, we present results on trap characterization in a silicon skipper-CCD produced in the same fabrication run as the SENSEI experiment at SNOLAB. Lattice defects contribute to backgrounds in rare-event searches through single-electron charge trapping. To investigate this, we use the charge-pumping technique at different temperatures to identify dipoles produced by traps in the CCD channel. We fully characterize a fraction of these traps and use this information to extrapolate their contribution to the single-electron background in SENSEI. We find that this subpopulation of traps does not contribute significantly, but more work is needed to assess the impact of the traps that cannot be characterized.

Brusco, Agustin↗

DOE OSTI2024

A Skipper-CCD Light Shield for X-Ray Detection in Space

We present advancements in the design of Skipper-CCD sensors for X-ray detection in environments with high optical backgrounds, such as those expected in space. These packages incorporate a custom-made aluminum shield on the CCD surface that blocks over 99% of visible light while preserving the efficiency for keV X-rays. These features allow us to perform precise X-ray measurements in environments challenged by visible light interference. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the potential implementation of this design concept in frame-transfer CCDs, opening opportunities for broader applications and advancements in imaging technologies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS1975

On a photon-counting array using the Fairchild CCD-201

The evaluation of certain performance parameters of the Fairchild CCD 201 and the proposed method of operation of an electron bombarded charge coupled device are described. Work in progress on the evaluation of the parameters relevant to remote, low noise operation is reported. These tests have been conducted using light input. The video data from the CCD are amplified, digitized, stored in a minicomputer memory, and then recorded on magnetic tape for analyzing. The device will be used in an array of sensors in the aperture plane of a telescope to discriminate between photoelectron events, and in the focal plane operating at single photoelectron sensitivity at a minimum of blooming and lag.

Currie, D. G.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Soft X-ray detection with the Fairchild 100 by 100 CCD

The soft X-ray sensitivity of the Fairchild 100 x 100 element CCD is studied for possible use as a detector in plasma physics research. The experimental setup and laboratory results are reported including data on slow scan operation of the CCD and performance when cooled. Results from digital computer processing of the data to correct for element-to-element nonuniformities are also discussed.

Renda, G.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Experiments on the use of CCD's to detect photoelectron images

Image tube design and processing requirements for building an ICCD are discussed. Work is under way at EVC for building an ICCD using the Fairchild CCD 201 (100 x 100) array, and progress will be reported. Demountable tests have been made, exposing parts of a CCD 201 to 15 kilovolt electrons over five radiation levels from approximately 10 to 1 million rads. Other tubes built by EVC over the last few years which successfully use semiconductors to detect photoelectrons will be described briefly.

Choisser, J. P.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Slow-scan operation of long linear CCD arrays

Linear CCD arrays used singly or in optically butted assemblies permit practical implementation of long line array systems with 6000 or more picture elements per line with readout rates in excess of 5 MHz. Display and tape recording of slow scan imagery with over 1000 picture elements per line also presents unique challenges. This paper discusses performance results and the operation of 1728-element CCD arrays for generation of high resolution slow scan imagery and some approaches for recording and display of the imagery. The implication of dark current and its control are discussed.

Vicars-Harris, M.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Development of CCD imaging sensors for space applications, phase 1

The results of an experimental investigation to develop a large area charge coupled device (CCD) imager for space photography applications are described. Details of the design and processing required to achieve 400 X 400 imagers are presented together with a discussion of the optical characterization techniques developed for this program. A discussion of several aspects of large CCD performance is given with detailed test reports. The areas covered include dark current, uniformity of optical response, square wave amplitude response, spectral responsivity and dynamic range.

Antcliffe, G. A.↗

NASA NTRS1976

InSb arrays with CCD readout for 1.0- to 5.5-microns infrared applications

There were two approaches for fabricating indium antimonide (InSb) arrays with CCD readout discussed. The hybrid approach integrated InSb detectors and silicon CCDs in a modular assembly via an advanced interconnection technology. In the monolithic approach, the InSb infrared detectors and the CCD readout were integrated on the same InSb chip. Both approaches utilized intrinsic (band-to-band) photodetection with the attendant advantages over extrinsic detectors. The status of each of these detector readout concepts, with pertinent performance characteristics, was presented.

Phillips, J. D.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Low-noise video amplifiers for imaging CCD's

Various techniques were developed which enable the CCD (charge coupled device) imaging array user to obtain optimum performance from the device. A CCD video channel was described, and detector-preamplifier interface requirements were examined. A noise model for the system was discussed at length and laboratory data presented and compared to predicted results.

Scinicariello, F.↗

NASA NTRS1976

X-ray quantum efficiencies of CCD's

The X-ray quantum efficiency of a CCD was still high enough to obtain good X-ray imaging with this device. The range and response of the CCD to incident X-rays in the 5 to 14.1 KeV range were determined experimentally. Knowledge of this range and response allows direct measurement of quantum efficiency. Quantum efficiency decreased monotonically from 82% to 35% in the range studied. Comparison of experimental and theoretical quantum efficiencies allowed a determination of silicon bulk electron diffusion length. For the device studied, the electron diffusion length was 75 micrometers.

Peckerar, M.↗

NASA NTRS1976

A CCD scanned (Hg, Cd)Te array for earth viewing applications

A 9 channel demonstration of 10 micrometer photoconductive mercury cadmium telluride detector array, bipolar preamplifiers, and a Si CCD multiplexer, integrated into a focal plane assembly and operating at 105 K and at 17 Hz is reported. The result of a direct coupling experiment between a 5-micrometer photovoltaic mercury cadmium telluride photodiode and a CCD is revealed. No appreciable degradation in the signal-to-noise ratio was experienced.

Iwasa, S.↗

NASA NTRS1977

CCD architecture for spacecraft SAR image processing

A real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image processing architecture amenable to future on-board spacecraft applications is currently under development. Using state-of-the-art charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, low cost and power are inherent features. Other characteristics include the ability to reprogram correlation reference functions, correct for range migration, and compensate for antenna beam pointing errors on the spacecraft in real time. The first spaceborne demonstration is scheduled to be flown as an experiment on a 1982 Shuttle imaging radar mission (SIR-B). This paper describes the architecture and implementation characteristics of this initial spaceborne CCD SAR image processor.

Arens, W. E.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Reliability of imaging CCD's

Report on reliability of imaging charge-coupled devices (CCD's) is intended to augment rather-meager existing information on CCD reliability. Study focuses on electrical and optical performance tests, packaging constraints, and failure modes of one commercially available device (Fairchild CCD121H).

Beal, J. R.↗

NASA NTRS1980

A fully monolithic InSb infrared CCD array

Fully monolithic infrared CCD arrays fabricated in InSb are described. The process used in fabrication includes planar junction formation by ion implantation, and an aluminum and SiO2 overlapping CCD gate structure which makes use of conventional chemical and plasma etching. IR detection and readout is demonstrated with the arrays.

Thom, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Space Telescope astrometry from CCD images

The astrometric application of the Wide Field Camera and the Planetary Camera is reviewed. It is shown that the digital image centering algorithms can yield a positional accuracy of 0.1 milli-arcsecond. Deconvolution of CCD's sensitivity, non-flatness of the filters, and crinkling of the CCD surface may limit the positional accuracy of 1 milli-arcsecond.

Chiu, L.-T. G.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Development of a CCD array as an imaging detector for advanced X-ray astrophysics facilities

The development of a charge coupled device (CCD) X-ray imager for a large aperture, high angular resolution X-ray telescope is discussed. Existing CCDs were surveyed and three candidate concepts were identified. An electronic camera control and computer interface, including software to drive a Fairchild 211 CCD, is described. In addition a vacuum mounting and cooling system is discussed. Performance data for the various components are given.

Schwartz, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS1981

A CCD tracker for closed-loop instrument pointing at Halley's comet

An optical tracker based on CCD technology has been developed for the closed-loop pointing of the narrow-angle imaging system of the proposed Halley's comet intercept mission at the comet nucleus. The target tracker, needed to assure the accurate pointing of science instruments as the nucleus rapidly passes the spacecraft, is a component of the pointing control system, which also includes a two-axis articulated instrument platform and high-resolution optical encoders to measure platform orientation relative to spacecraft structure. The device was designed on the basis of a CCD imaging array to calculate target centroid position based on the optical intensity of all pixels containing the image, and a processor to perform spacecraft attitude control, pointing control and target tracker control and data processing functions. The tracker has been configured to operate in both target acquisition and tracking modes. Preliminary simulation results and past experiments on similar trackers indicate that excellent tracking performance can be achieved, and a breadboard version of the tracker is currently being fabricated.

Stanton, R. H.↗