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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Explicit expressions of the potential and its derivatives at the origin in terms of the scattering data

The quantum mechanical theory of scattering of a particle by a spherically symmetrical potential is presented. As in the inverse scattering problem, the input of the calculation is the scattering and bound-state data, and the output is data on the potential. The results discussed are explicit expressions for the values of the potential and its derivatives at the origin in terms of the scattering and boundstate data. Various methods to obtain these results are outlined. The presentation is aimed at introducing these various approaches. The simplest scattering problem (nonrelativistic S-wave scattering on a holomorphic potential without bound states) is used as the basis for discussion, and technicalities are omitted whenever possible without loss of clarity. A complete compilation is given of the results obtained to date in this field, including the treatment of higher partial waves and the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations.

Calogero, F.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A time-dependent ice sheet model - Preliminary results

A numerical model of ice sheet flow is developed, and preliminary results are described. This model includes vertical resolution of temperature, stress, and strain rate which represents a considerable improvement over previous vertically averaged ice sheet models. The model follows the flow of ice along a flow line within an ice sheet drainage basin. Longitudinal stresses and basal sliding are included. Basal sliding is dependent on the base shear stress and a specified distribution of basal water pressure. The numerical methods used to solve the coupled set of stress and velocity equations for the static and time-evolutionary cases are discussed. A steady state profile simulating an ice stream is calculated for a particular set of input parameters, and changes in the profile are examined for different choices of parameters. Preliminary studies of response behavior are completed using a simplified ice sheet geometry with a fixed terminus or grounding line. The results of these studies illustrate ice sheet thinning in response to a lowered sea level or to a reduction in the extent of ice rises (or pinning points) within ice shelves.

Bindschadler, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS2006

A Measure-Theoretic Proof of the Markov Property for Hybrid Systems with Markovian Inputs

The behavior of a general hybrid system in discrete time can be represented by a non-linear difference equation x(k+1) = Fk(x(k), theta(k)), where theta(k) is assumed to be a finite state Markov chain. An important step in the stability analysis of these systems is to establish the Markov property of (x(k), theta(k)). There are, however, no complete proofs of this property which are simple to understand. This paper aims to correct this problem by presenting a complete and explicit proof, which uses only basic measure-theoretical concepts.

Tejada, Arturo↗
NASA NTRS2010

Turbofan Volume Dynamics Model for Investigations of Aero-Propulso-Servo-Elastic Effects in a Supersonic Commercial Transport

A turbofan simulation has been developed for use in aero-propulso-servo-elastic coupling studies, on supersonic vehicles. A one-dimensional lumped volume approach is used whereby each component (fan, high-pressure compressor, combustor, etc.) is represented as a single volume using characteristic performance maps and conservation equations for continuity, momentum and energy. The simulation is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK (The MathWorks, Inc.) environment in order to facilitate controls development, and ease of integration with a future aero-servo-elastic vehicle model being developed at NASA Langley. The complete simulation demonstrated steady state results that closely match a proposed engine suitable for a supersonic business jet at the cruise condition. Preliminary investigation of the transient simulation revealed expected trends for fuel flow disturbances as well as upstream pressure disturbances. A framework for system identification enables development of linear models for controller design. Utilizing this framework, a transfer function modeling an upstream pressure disturbance s impacts on the engine speed is developed as an illustrative case of the system identification. This work will eventually enable an overall vehicle aero-propulso-servo-elastic model

Connolly, Joseph W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

NASTRAN forced vibration analysis of rotating cyclic structures

Theoretical aspects of a new capability developed and implemented in NASTRAN level 17.7 to analyze forced vibration of a cyclic structure rotating about its axis of symmetry are presented. Fans, propellers, and bladed shrouded discs of turbomachines are some examples of such structures. The capability includes the effects of Coriolis and centripetal accelerations on the rotating structure which can be loaded with: (1) directly applied loads moving with the structure and (2) inertial loas due to the translational acceleration of the axis of rotation (''base' acceleration). Steady-state sinusoidal or general periodic loads are specified to represent: (1) the physical loads on various segments of the complete structure, or (2) the circumferential harmonic components of the loads in (1). The cyclic symmetry feature of the rotating structure is used in deriving and solving the equations of forced motion. Consequently, only one of the cyclic sectors is modelled and analyzed using finite elements, yielding substantial savings in the analysis cost. Results, however, are obtained for the entire structure. A tuned twelve bladed disc example is used to demonstrate the various features of the capability.

Elchuri, V.↗
NASA NTRS2006

On the Markov Property for Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems with Markovian Inputs

The behavior of a general hybrid system in discrete-time can be represented by a non-linear difference equation x(k + 1) = Fk(x(k), theta(k)), where theta(k) is assumed to be a finite-state Markov chain. An important step in the stability analysis of these systems is to establish the Markov property of (x(k), theta(k)). There are, however, no complete proofs of this property which are simple to understand. This paper aims to correct this problem by presenting a complete and explicit proof, which uses only fundamental measure-theoretical concepts.

Tejada, Arturo↗
NASA NTRS1974

Theoretical helium I emission-line intensities for quiescent prominences

Self-consistent solutions of the combined statistical equilibrium and transfer equations have been carried out for a rather complete multilevel, multi-ion model helium atom in model quiescent prominences. The excitation and ionization of both He I and He II were considered simultaneously, and detailed calculations of the radiative transfer in the resonance lines and ground-state continua of both these ions were made, allowing for the effects of overlapping hydrogen transitions. A large number of excited states have been included in the computation, so that a fairly comprehensive set of predicted subordinate line intensities are now available for comparison with observation. A preliminary comparison of the predicted values with published singlet/triplet ratio observations shows good agreement for all the pairs of lines considered.

Heasley, J. N.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The gabbro-eclogite phase transition and the elevation of mountain belts on Venus

Among the four mountain belts surrounding Lakshmi Planum, Maxwell Montes is the highest and stands up to 11 km above the mean planetary radius and 7 km above Lakshmi Planum. The bulk composition and radioactive heat production of the crust on Venus, where measured, are similar to those of terrestrial tholeiitic basalt. Because the thickness of the low-density crust may be limited by the gabbro-garnet granulite-eclogite phase transitions, the 7-11 km maximum elevation of Maxwell Montes is difficult to understand except in the unlikely situation that the crust contains a large volume of magma. A possible explanation is that the base of the crust is not in phase equilibrium. It has been suggested that under completely dry conditions, the gabbro-eclogite phase transition takes place by solid-state diffusion and may require a geologically significant time to run to completion. Solid-state diffusion is a strongly temperature-dependent process. In this paper we solve the thermal evolution of the mountain belt to attempt to constrain the depth of the gabbro-eclogite transition and thus to assess this hypothesis quantitatively. The one-dimensional heat equation is solved numerically by a finite difference approximation. The deformation of the horizontally shortening crustal and mantle portions of the thermal boundary layer is assumed to occur by pure shear, and therefore the vertical velocity is given by the product of the horizontal strain rate and depth.

Namiki, Noriyuki↗
NASA NTRS1920

The general theory of blade screws including propellers, fans, helicopter screws, helicoidal pumps, turbo-motors, and different kinds of helicoidal blades

Report presents a theory which gives a complete picture and an exact quantitative analysis of the whole phenomenon of the working of blade screws, but also unites in a continuous whole the entire scale of states of work conceivable for a blade screw. Chapter 1 is devoted to the establishment of the system of fundamental equations relating to the blade screw. Chapter 2 contains the general discussion of the 16 states of work which may establish themselves for a blade screw. The existence of the vortex ring state and the whirling phenomenon are established. All the fundamental functions which enter the blade-screw theory are submitted to a general analytical discussion. The general outline of the curve of the specific function is examined. Two limited cases of the work of the screw, the screw with a zero constructive pitch and the screw with an infinite constructive pitch, are pointed out. Chapter 3 is devoted to the study of the propulsive screw or propeller. (author)

De Bothezat, George↗
NASA NTRS1986

The mechanics of solids in the plastically-deformable state

The mechanics of continua, which is based on the general stress model of Cauchy, up to the present has almost exclusively been applied to liquid and solid elastic bodies. Saint-Venant has developed a theory for the plastic or remaining form changes of solids, but it does not give the required number of equations for determining motion. A complete set of equations of motion for plastic deformable bodies is derived. This is done within the framework of Cauch mechanics. And it is supported by certain experimental facts which characterize the range of applications.

Mises, R. V.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The energy decay in self-preserving isotropic turbulence revisited

The assumption of self-preservation allows for an analytical determination of the energy decay in isotropic turbulence. Here, the self-preserving isotropic decay problem is analyzed, yielding a more complete picture of self-serving isotropic turbulence. It is proven rigorously that complete self-serving isotropic turbulence admits two general types of asymptotic solutions: one where the turbulent kinetic energy K approximately t (exp -1) and one where K approximately t (sup alpha) with an exponent alpha greater than 1 that is determined explicitly by the initial conditions. By a fixed point analysis and numerical integration of the exact one-point equations, it is demonstrated that the K approximately t (exp -1) and where K approximately t (sup -alpha) with an exponent alpha greater than 1 that is determined explicitly by the initial conditions. By a fixed point analysis and numerical integration of the exact one point equations, it is demonstrated that the K approximately t (exp -1) power law decay is the asymptotically consistent high Reynolds number solution; the K approximately 1 (sup - alpha) decay law is only achieved in the limit as t yields infinity and the turbulence Reynolds number vanishes. Arguments are provided which indicate that a K approximately t (exp -1) power law decay is the asymptotic state towards which a complete self-preseving isotropic turbulence is driven at high Reynolds numbers in order to resolve the imbalance between vortex stretching and viscous diffusion.

Speziale, Charles G.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Use of shape-preserving interpolation methods in surface modeling

In many large-scale scientific computations, it is necessary to use surface models based on information provided at only a finite number of points (rather than determined everywhere via an analytic formula). As an example, an equation of state (EOS) table may provide values of pressure as a function of temperature and density for a particular material. These values, while known quite accurately, are typically known only on a rectangular (but generally quite nonuniform) mesh in (T,d)-space. Thus interpolation methods are necessary to completely determine the EOS surface. The most primitive EOS interpolation scheme is bilinear interpolation. This has the advantages of depending only on local information, so that changes in data remote from a mesh element have no effect on the surface over the element, and of preserving shape information, such as monotonicity. Most scientific calculations, however, require greater smoothness. Standard higher-order interpolation schemes, such as Coons patches or bicubic splines, while providing the requisite smoothness, tend to produce surfaces that are not physically reasonable. This means that the interpolant may have bumps or wiggles that are not supported by the data. The mathematical quantification of ideas such as physically reasonable and visually pleasing is examined.

Ftitsch, F. N.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The energy decay in self-preserving isotropic turbulence revisited

The assumption of self-preservation allows for an analytical determination of the energy decay in isotropic turbulence. Here, the self-preserving isotropic decay problem is analyzed, yielding a more complete picture of self-serving isotropic turbulence. It is proven rigorously that complete self-serving isotropic turbulence admits two general types of asymptotic solutions: one where the turbulent kinetic energy K approximately t (exp -1) and one where K approximately t (sup alpha) with an exponent alpha greater than 1 that is determined explicitly by the initial conditions. By a fixed point analysis and numerical integration of the exact one-point equations, it is demonstrated that the K approximately t (exp -1) and where K approximately t (sup -alpha) with an exponent alpha greater than 1 that is determined explicitly by the initial conditions. By a fixed point analysis and numerical integration of the exact one-point equations, it is demonstrated that the K approximately t (exp -1) power law decay is the asymptotically consistent high Reynolds number solution; the K approximately 1 (sup -alpha) decay law is only achieved in the limit as t yields infinity and the turbulence Reynolds number vanishes. Arguments are provided which indicate that a K approximately t (exp -1) power law decay is the asymptotic state toward which a complete self-preserving isotropic turbulence is driven at high Reynolds numbers in order to resolve the imbalance between vortex stretching and viscous diffusion.

Speziale, Charles G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Thermodynamic and transport properties of cryogenic propellants and related fluids

Significant advances have been made in recent years in the quality and range of thermophysical data for the cryogenic propellants, pressurants, and inertants. A review of recently completed and current data compilation projects for helium, hydrogen, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and methane is given together with recommended references for thermodynamic and transport property data tables for these fluids. Modern techniques in the plotting of thermodynamic charts from tabular data (or from functions such as the equation of state) have greatly improved their precision and value. A list of such charts is included.

Johnson, V. J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Potential theory of radiation

A theoretical method is being developed by which the structure of a radiation field can be predicted by a radiation potential theory, similar to a classical potential theory. The introduction of a scalar potential is justified on the grounds that the spectral intensity vector is irrotational. The vector is also solenoidal in the limits of a radiation field in complete radiative equilibrium or in a vacuum. This method provides an exact, elliptic type equation that will upgrade the accuracy and the efficiency of the current CFD programs required for the prediction of radiation and flow fields. A number of interesting results emerge from the present study. First, a steady state radiation field exhibits an optically modulated inverse square law distribution character. Secondly, the unsteady radiation field is structured with two conjugate scalar potentials. Each is governed by a Klein-Gordon equation with a frictional force and a restoring force. This steady potential field structure and the propagation of radiation potentials are consistent with the well known results of classical electromagnetic theory. The extension of the radiation potential theory for spray combustion and hypersonic flow is also recommended.

Chiu, Huei-Huang↗
NASA NTRS1977

Over-relaxation applied to the MacCormack finite-difference scheme

An over-relaxation procedure is applied to the MacCormack finite-difference scheme in order to reduce the computation time required to obtain a steady-state solution. The implementation of this acceleration procedure to an existing computer program using the regular MacCormack method is extremely simple and does not require additional storage. The over-relaxation procedure does not alter the steady-state solution, which is second-order accurate. The method is first applied to Burgers' equation. A stability condition and an expression for the increase in the rate of convergence are derived. The method is then applied to the calculation of the hypersonic viscous flow over a flat plate, using the complete Navier-Stokes equations, and the inviscid flow over a wedge. Reductions in computing time by factors of 3 and 1.5, respectively, are obtained by over-relaxation.

Desideri, J.-A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Equations of state and impact-induced shock-wave attenuation on the moon

Equation of state formulations are considered in a framework that permits comparison with one-dimensional impedance match solutions. The problem considered is the peak pressures attained along the impact symmetry axis when a sphere impacts with a half-space. The regimes of melting and vaporization - in particular, incipiently melted, completely melted, incipiently vaporized, and completely vaporized states - are examined, and the pressures at which critical isentropes intersect the Hugoniots of iron and gabbroic anorthosite are considered. A means of representing the spatial attenuation of shock pressure along the impact axis by two regimes is introduced, and results for the near-field and far-field regime are presented. It is thought that the treatment can be used to obtain quantitative bounds on the impact velocity of the meteorite.

Ahrens, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Preliminary Orbit Determination System (PODS) for Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS)-tracked target Spacecraft using the homotopy continuation method

The Preliminary Orbit Determination System (PODS) provides early orbit determination capability in the Trajectory Computation and Orbital Products System (TCOPS) for a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS)-tracked spacecraft. PODS computes a set of orbit states from an a priori estimate and six tracking measurements, consisting of any combination of TDRSS range and Doppler tracking measurements. PODS uses the homotopy continuation method to solve a set of nonlinear equations, and it is particularly effective for the case when the a priori estimate is not well known. Since range and Doppler measurements produce multiple states in PODS, a screening technique selects the desired state. PODS is executed in the TCOPS environment and can directly access all operational data sets. At the completion of the preliminary orbit determination, the PODS-generated state, along with additional tracking measurements, can be directly input to the differential correction (DC) process to generate an improved state. To validate the computational and operational capabilities of PODS, tests were performed using simulated TDRSS tracking measurements for the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite and using real TDRSS measurements for the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) spacecraft. The effects of various measurement combinations, varying arc lengths, and levels of degradation of the a priori state vector on the PODS solutions were considered.

Kirschner, S. M.↗