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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Testing of a Line Driver With Configurable Pre-Emphasis on Lossy Transmission Lines

Rare-event physics experiments such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) or the next Enriched Xenon Observatory (nEXO) experiment search for rare, low-energy events, detected by sensitive detectors immersed in a cryogenic noble liquid (e.g., liquid argon or xenon). Readout electronics used within such detectors must consume minimal power while operating reliably in cryogenic environments. Furthermore, in the case of nEXO, maximizing the radiopurity of the environment is vital to minimize background noise, thus placing strict limits on the volume of dielectric materials, leading to high-loss data cables spanning distances up to 12 m. Such cables cause high attenuation and intersymbol interference (ISI), resulting in a high bit-error rate (BER). These issues were addressed by developing an integrated line driver with configurable pre-emphasis in a 65-nm CMOS process. The pre-emphasis parameters can be programmed to minimize BER for specific cables and data rates under power constraints. Here, the driver was tested at both room and cryogenic temperatures. In both cases, the output BER was found to be strongly correlated with the pre-emphasis settings. Furthermore, analysis and simulation showed that adapting the pre-emphasis settings based on the incoming bit sequence can further improve performance with minimal changes to the current solution.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Overview of High-Power Wireless Charging Systems and Analysis of Polyphase Wireless Charging System Phase Winding and Resonant Tuning Network Connection Configurations

In spite of the high energy efficiency and environmental benefits of electric vehicles (EVs), adoption rates are increasing at a relatively slow pace, primarily because of EVs’ limited range and long charging durations. To reduce EV charging times to be comparable to refueling times of conventional vehicles, extreme fast charging systems are required. Such charging systems would reduce drivers’ range anxiety and enable long-distance interstate travel with EVs. Here, this substantial target in charging rates with 15–20 minutes of recharging times, requires research and development from grid to batteries with advanced charging systems. Wireless power transfer systems for EV charging applications are flexible, convenient, and highly efficient, and they allow automated charging. This paper reviews the power electronics and winding and resonant tuning network configurations for polyphase wireless power transfer systems for high-power wireless charging applications.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterization of Flashback and Flame-Holding in a Jet-in-Crossflow Mixing Configuration With Methane–Hydrogen Fuel Blends

An approach that combines experimental and numerical analyses has been implemented to characterize the fundamentals of flashback events and flame-holding phenomena during high-hydrogen combustion in a jet-in-crossflow (JICF) configuration. Such flame dynamics are visualized experimentally using nanosecond (ns)-based hydroxyl planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) and chemiluminescence diagnostics techniques. The JICF burner has an optically accessible premixing tube allowing the optical diagnostics. The testing was conducted for varied premixer velocities (V) and equivalence ratio (ϕ) for 90–100% (H 2 , by mole) H 2 /CH 4 reactant mixtures at atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Two distinct flashback events were identified – conventional rich flashback and lean flashback, recorded while increasing ϕ and decreasing ϕ, respectively. The cause of lean flashback was attributed to lower momentum flux ratio which bends the jet sharply, closer toward the injection plane. The mean OH-PLIF images characterized the flame-holding behavior, where the flame was found to be stabilized on the leeward side only or on both windward and leeward sides as a lifted flame near the fuel port. A large eddy simulation (LES) with detailed chemistry combustion modeling approach was implemented along with an OH* submechanism, and it showed qualitative agreement with the integrated line-of-sight chemiluminescence results as well as the planar OH-PLIF measurements.

chemiluminescence diagnostic↗
DOE OSTI2024

FESAC Decadal Study: Clean, multi-purpose fusion power from small field-reversed configuration (FRC) reactors

This paper urges greatly expanded research into scientific and technical areas of aneutronic field-reversed-configuration devices (FRCs), specifically relatively small FRCs whose fusion power is below 50 MW and above 0.5 MW. These properties greatly increase safety, allow rapid exploration of incremental improvements, enable implementation of improved technologies, ameliorate materials issues, reduce financial risk, ease siting and maintenance requirements, simplify incorporation into the electrical grid, reduce need for long-distance transmission lines, expand the potential markets for these reactors, and provide the US and US industry with leadership positions in clean energy. This route to fusion power, first into niche markets not accessible to the mainline (D-T tokamak) approach to fusion, would demonstrate the reliability and safety of fusion and its competitive advantages against established technologies in the electricity-generation market.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Documentation for Python Automation in CYME for DER Hosting Capacity Analysis of Different Feeder Configurations

This file provides the documentation for several Python scripts that were developed by Sandia National Laboratories to enhance the automation and customization capabilities for performing various distribution system planning and analysis tasks in CYME. Specifically, these scripts (.py files detailed in Figure 1) enable the user to evaluate different distribution system configurations and the resulting impacts on hosting capacity results and other metrics. In general, these scripts—and the accompanying documentation—provide the foundation upon which future customized tools can be created. For example, the scripts show how to extract and modify parameters of various circuit components, set up and run analyses using built-in CYME tools (iteratively), and export reports for further evaluations and comparisons. Thus, the capabilities and syntaxes used in the scripts can be adapted and leveraged for countless other objectives.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nuclear Thermal Energy Storage Configurations for Industrial Combined Heat and Power Supply: Conceptual Study and Engineering Designs

The industries examined in this report primarily rely on moderate-temperature heat provided by gas- or coal-fired boilers and combined heat and power (CHP) plants, delivered through standard process steam systems. High-temperature energy demands are often industry-specific and typically exceed the capabilities of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). While it is technically feasible to replace process steam from fossil-based heat sources with nuclear energy, certain industries, such as methanol production and pulp and paper, face technoeconomic challenges in integrating nuclear energy without major changes or a technological shift. This is mainly due to the limited external energy demand remaining after the use of internal byproducts, waste heat recovery, and simple efficiency improvements. Achieving full decarbonization of these processes with nuclear energy would require significant technological advancements, involving experimental technology and substantial investments, making widespread adoption in existing industrial plants unlikely in the near term. This study reviews TES options in the context of enabling a flexible CHP supply while maintaining a steady nuclear heat input. Heat storage systems that interface between the reactor primary fluid and the CHP system offer superior performance and flexibility. Specifically, steam extraction downstream of the reheater with a two-tank molten-salt TES appears as the best solution regarding thermodynamic system benefits and system drawbacks. Using selected system configurations, a conceptual design of an industrial energy park was developed for industries with varying energy demands, such as steel production plants utilizing electric arc furnaces (EAFs) and chemical plants, as well as for those with constant energy demands, like petroleum refineries. This design highlights the capabilities of TES and explores its potential business cases. The study also conceptually develops the potential for integrating additional energy sources with nuclear systems through the implementation of TES. The potential of the HTGR-TES-CHP system was also evaluated considering key uncertainties such as industrial demand profiles, external grid access availability, and eligible tax credit levels, using the Holistic Energy Resource Optimization Network. Sensitivity of net present value to these uncertainties was analyzed to determine the optimal number of nuclear reactors (and CHP systems) and the suitable TES capacity. The results were interpreted from a decision-maker’s perspective, focusing on three key areas: deployment strategy (oversized units vs. undersized units with TES support), industrial process characteristics (thermal-intensive single profiles vs. electricity-intensive combined profiles), and operational goals (maximizing profits vs. minimizing natural gas (NG) consumption or external grid dependence). The optimization results indicate that the HTGR-TES-CHP system significantly reduces reliance on NG boilers for individual industrial processes by 9-60% (in NG capacity factor), with an average reduction of 38%, compared to standalone NG boiler operation case (Business As Usual [BAU]). For combined industrial processes, the reduction ranges from 37-77%, with an average of 60%. Additionally, the system greatly reduces dependence on external grids. In meeting industrial electrical demands, a 33-100% self-sufficient internal electricity supply is achieved for single industrial process, with an average of 74%, compared to the BAU scenario, where 100% of electricity is imported. For combined processes, 35-100% of internal electricity demands are met by the reactor, with an average of 73%. At last, the relative NG price levels at which the proposed HTGR-TES-CHP system can cost-effectively enter the market currently dominated by existing NG boilers were estimated. For a moderate HTGR CAPEX level ($\$$2500/kWth, $\$$6329/kWe), the analysis suggests that NG prices must be 2.5 to 7 times higher than HTGR variable operating and maintenance costs for single industrial process, and 5.5 to 9.5 times higher for a combined process scenario. Tax credit modeling shows that the Investment Tax Credit significantly reduces the price threshold needed to break even, making the system competitive with NG boilers in certain cases.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Hadron Storage Ring Transition Crossing for Yellow Only Configuration

The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) has undergone many iterations. This technical note captures the progress made on transition crossing in the HSR studies for the yellow only configuration. Being heavily dependent on the phase advance per cell, the hsr-au-trans-8786phi-071725 optics was used where the phase advances per arc cell are 87°, horizontal and 85°, vertical. These phase advances were chosen to aid in the cancellation of the β and η waves generated during the jump and to minimize the tune shift. The total change in the γ T is 1 unit as prescribed. This technical note will describe the process in which HSR will jump transition with the assumption that longitudinal dynamics will be handled similar to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of Flashback and Flame-Holding in a Jet-in-Crossflow Mixing Configuration with Methane-Hydrogen Fuel Blends

An approach that combines experimental and numerical analyses has been implemented to characterize the fundamentals of flashback events and flame-holding phenomena during high-hydrogen combustion in a jet-in-crossflow (JICF) configuration. Such flame dynamics are visualized experimentally using nanosecond (ns)-based hydroxyl planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) and chemiluminescence diagnostics techniques. The JICF burner has an optically accessible pre-mixing tube allowing the optical diagnostics. The testing was conducted for varied pre-mixer velocities (V) and equivalence ratio (ϕ) for 90%-100% (H2, by mole) H2/CH4 reactant mixtures at atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Two distinct flashback events were identified – conventional rich flashback and lean flashback, recorded while increasing ϕ and decreasing ϕ, respectively. The cause of lean flashback was attributed to lower momentum flux ratio which bends the jet sharply, closer toward the injection plane. The mean OH-PLIF images characterized the flame-holding behavior where the flame was found to be stabilized on the leeward side only or on both windward and leeward sides as a lifted flame near the fuel port. A large eddy simulation (LES) with detailed chemistry combustion modeling approach was implemented along with an OH* sub-mechanism, and it showed qualitative agreement with the integrated line-of-sight chemiluminescence results as well as the planar OH-PLIF measurements.

chemiluminescence diagnostic↗
DOE OSTI2025

Configurations of Commercial Advanced Nuclear-Maritime Applications

This report is the second deliverable of a series of reports set forth by the Department of Energy (DOE), led by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), for the research award, “Accelerating Commercial Maritime Demonstration Projects for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies.” This report highlights the technical, regulatory, and economic feasibility of nuclear-maritime configurations.

33 - ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Determining Optimal Magnetometer Configuration on MAGIS-100

Long-baseline atom interferometers such as the Matter-wave Atomic Gradiometer Interferometric Sensor (MAGIS-100) require stringent control and continuous characterization of background magnetic fields and spatial gradients to prevent systemic phase shifts that mimic ultralight dark matter or gravitational wave signatures. Because direct sensor placement within the ultra-high vacuum beam pipe is infeasible, in-situ magnetic field monitoring relies on external sensor arrays situated in the surrounding annular region. This work demonstrates a field reconstruction framework for a 5.3-meter MAGIS-100 modular section using finite-element Opera simulations. Transverse magnetic fields are expanded using a cylindrical multipole framework as informed by Fermilab’s Muon g-2 experiment, with magnetometer array configurations optimized via Fisher information matrix D-optimality. Inverting external sensor readings through a Gauss-Newton scheme recovers interior tube fields across distinct axial positions. In the discontinuity-averse uniform region (slice pair P4), the model achieves sub-noise-floor performance with a cross-validated root-mean-square error (RMSE) of $6.7227 \times 10^{-4}\text{ A/m}$ ($0.845\times$ sensor noise floor) and an interior field coefficient of variation of $1.71\%$. An elbow criterion in the Fisher bounds establishes $n_{\text{max}} = 2$ as the optimal multipole truncation order to prevent noise amplification from over-parameterization, with $n_{\text{max}} = 3$ (sextupole) order chosen for analysis to demonstrate further complexity and cross-pair comparison. Furthermore, analytical differentiation of the fitted multipole coefficients yields dense spatial maps of the transverse Jacobian gradient matrix $\nabla \mathbf{H}$ along with propagated $1\sigma$ uncertainty bounds across the beam region ($r \le 2.75\text{ in}$). This operational framework confirms that external magnetometer arrays can reliably monitor magnetic field uniformity and spatial gradients along the 100-meter flight path given appropriate sampling for any complexity order.

Appleby, Darwin [William Rainey Harper Coll.] (ORC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Determining Optimal Magnetometer Configuration on MAGIS-100

Long-baseline atom interferometers such as the Matter-wave Atomic Gradiometer Interferometric Sensor (MAGIS-100) require stringent control and continuous characterization of background magnetic fields and spatial gradients to prevent systemic phase shifts that mimic ultralight dark matter or gravitational wave signatures. Because direct sensor placement within the ultra-high vacuum beam pipe is infeasible, in-situ magnetic field monitoring relies on external sensor arrays situated in the surrounding annular region. This work demonstrates a field reconstruction framework for a 5.3-meter MAGIS-100 modular section using finite-element Opera simulations. Transverse magnetic fields are expanded using a cylindrical multipole framework as informed by Fermilab’s Muon g-2 experiment, with magnetometer array configurations optimized via Fisher information matrix D-optimality. Inverting external sensor readings through a Gauss-Newton scheme recovers interior tube fields across distinct axial positions. In the discontinuity-averse uniform region (slice pair P4), the model achieves sub-noise-floor performance with a cross-validated root-mean-square error (RMSE) of $6.7227 \times 10^{-4}\text{ A/m}$ ($0.845\times$ sensor noise floor) and an interior field coefficient of variation of $1.71\%$. An elbow criterion in the Fisher bounds establishes $n_{\text{max}} = 2$ as the optimal multipole truncation order to prevent noise amplification from over-parameterization, with $n_{\text{max}} = 3$ (sextupole) order chosen for analysis to demonstrate further complexity and cross-pair comparison. Furthermore, analytical differentiation of the fitted multipole coefficients yields dense spatial maps of the transverse Jacobian gradient matrix $\nabla \mathbf{H}$ along with propagated $1\sigma$ uncertainty bounds across the beam region ($r \le 2.75\text{ in}$). This operational framework confirms that external magnetometer arrays can reliably monitor magnetic field uniformity and spatial gradients along the 100-meter flight path given appropriate sampling for any complexity order.

Appleby, Darwin [William Rainey Harper Coll.] (ORC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Hybrid Fuel Cell Systems for Heavy-Duty Trucks: Configuration, Heat Rejection, and Performance

Low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems can achieve higher efficiency than diesel engines, but heat rejection remains a major challenge in class-8 heavy-duty fuel cell trucks. For the same rated power, the radiator heat load is greater than that in a diesel engine, while the allowable operating temperatures are lower. This work proposes and evaluates 400 kWe fuel cell–battery hybrid (FCH) platforms and operating strategies that manage heat rejection without enlarging the radiator frontal area. Three FCH platforms are identified, each varying in fuel cell system (FCS) rated power, battery energy storage system (ESS) capacity, and maximum stack coolant exit temperature (T h1 ). All three satisfy key system and vehicle requirements, including 175 kWe FCS power at top sustained speed, 400 kWe FCH power on a 6% grade climb, a target stack power density (PD) of 750 mW e /cm 2 , and heat rejection constraints. The first FCH has the smallest FCS, the largest ESS, and a T h1 of 90 °C. The second achieves the highest PD of 840 mW e /cm 2 at a T h1 of 95 °C. The third has the largest FCS, the smallest ESS, and a T h1 of 102 °C. At a Th1 of 115 °C, the platform can be configured as a stand-alone 400 kWe(net) FCS without hybridization, but the achievable PD drops to 460 mW e /cm 2 .

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Agrivoltaic Designs and Configurations

The fifth in a series of five fact sheets about agrivoltaics based on themes from U.S. Department of Energy Clean Energy to Communities technical assistance projects, this document includes information about agrivoltaic designs and configurations.

agriculture↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bypass heat exchanger configuration to reroute core flow

A turbine engine assembly includes a heat exchanger that is in thermal communication with an exhaust gas flow. A bypass passage is provided that is configured to selectively route at least a portion of the exhaust gas flow around the heat exchanger in response to a predefined engine operating condition.

Terwilliger, Neil↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of Flashback and Flame-Holding in a Jet-in-Crossflow Mixing Configuration with Methane-Hydrogen Fuel Blends

An approach that combines experimental and numerical analyses has been implemented to characterize the fundamentals of flashback events and flame-holding phenomena during high-hydrogen combustion in a jet-in-crossflow (JICF) configuration. Such flame dynamics are visualized experimentally using nanosecond (ns)-based hydroxyl planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) and chemiluminescence diagnostics techniques. The JICF burner has an optically accessible pre-mixing tube allowing the optical diagnostics. The testing was conducted for varied pre-mixer velocities (V) and equivalence ratio (ϕ) for 90%-100% (H2, by mole) H2/CH4 reactant mixtures at atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Two distinct flashback events were identified – conventional rich flashback and lean flashback, recorded while increasing ϕ and decreasing ϕ, respectively. The cause of lean flashback was attributed to the lower momentum flux ratio which bends the jet sharply, closer toward the injection plane. The mean OH-PLIF images characterized the flame-holding behavior where the flame was found to be stabilized on the leeward side only or on both windward and leeward sides as a lifted flame near the fuel port. A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with detailed chemistry combustion modeling approach was implemented along an OH* sub-mechanism, and it showed qualitative agreement with the integrated line-of-sight chemiluminescence results as well as the planar OH-PLIF measurements.

flame holding↗
DOE OSTI2026

Enhancing New Physics Searches with a Future Beam Dump Configuration at SBND

Accelerator-based neutrino experiments, especially those with high-intensity beams and highly capable detectors, offer a powerful and complementary method for probing new physics scenarios. The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab pioneered a special Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) beam dump run and set new limits on sub-GeV dark matter. This white paper explores the physics opportunities enabled by operating the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) at Fermilab in a future BNB beam dump configuration. Redirecting the proton beam away from the default target suppresses neutrino backgrounds, enabling SBND to significantly enhance sensitivity to many new physics scenarios. We evaluate two operational scenarios – off-target mode and a new dedicated beam dump mode – and demonstrate that both approaches can open new avenues in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. We present two example cases, scalar dark matter and heavy neutral leptons via axion-like particle.

Dutta, Bhaskar [TAMU, College Station]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of Flashback and Flame-Holding in a Jet-In-Crossflow Mixing Configuration with Methane-Hydrogen Fuel Blends

An approach that combines experimental and numerical analyses has been implemented to characterize the fundamentals of flashback events and flame-holding phenomena during high-hydrogen combustion in a jet-in-crossflow (JICF) configuration. Such flame dynamics are visualized experimentally using nanosecond (ns)-based hydroxyl planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) and chemiluminescence (CL) diagnostics techniques. The JICF burner has an optically accessible pre-mixing tube allowing the optical diagnostics. The testing was conducted for varied pre-mixer velocities (V) and equivalence ratio (ϕ) for 90%-100% (H2, by mole) H2/CH4 reactant mixtures at atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Two distinct flashbacks were identified – conventional rich flashback and lean flashback, recorded while increasing ϕ and decreasing ϕ, respectively. The cause of lean flashback was attributed to lower flux ratio which bends the jet sharply, closer toward the injection plane. The flashback was found to occur along the boundary layer, assisted by the inner wall of the pre-mixer tube. The mean OH-PLIF images characterized the flame-holding behavior where the flame was found to be stabilized on the leeward side only or on both windward and leeward sides as a lifted flame near the fuel port.

flame holding↗