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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Study of the decay D s + → π + π + π - η and observation of the W -annihilation decay D s + → a 0 ( 980 ) + ρ 0

The decay $D^+_s$ → $π^+π^+π^-η$ is observed for the first time, using e + e - collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb -1 collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV. The absolute branching fraction for this decay is measured to be $\mathscr{B}$($D^+_s$ → $π^+π^+π^-η$) = (3.12 ± 0.13 stat ± 0.90 syst )%. The first amplitude analysis of this decay reveals the substructures in $D^+_s$ → $π^+π^+π^-η$ nd determines the relative fractions and the phases among these substructures. The dominant intermediate process is $D^+_s$ → $a_1$(1260) + $η,a_1$(1260) + → ρ(770) 0 $π^+$ with a branching fraction of (1.73 ± 0.14 stat ±0.08 syst )%. We also observe the W-annihilation process $D^+_s$ → $a_0$(980) + ρ(770) 0 , $a_0$(980) + → $π^+η$ with a branching fraction of (0.21 ± 0.08 stat ± 0.05 syst )%, which is larger than the branching fractions of other measured pure W-annihilation decays by 1 order of magnitude.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Trends in runaway electron plateau partial recombination by massive H 2 or D 2 injection in DIII-D and JET and first extrapolations to ITER and SPARC

Abstract Experimental trends in thermal plasma partial recombination resulting from massive D 2 injection into high-Z (Ar) containing runaway electron (RE) plateaus in DIII-D and JET are studied for the purpose of achieving sufficiently low electron density ( n e ≈ 10 18 m − 3 ) to increase RE final loss MHD levels. In both DIII-D and JET, thermal electron density n e is found to drop by ∼100 × when the thermal plasma partially recombines, with a minimum at a vacuum vessel-averaged D 2 density in the range 10 20 − 10 21 m − 3 . RE effective resistivity also drops after partial recombination, indicating expulsion of the Ar content. The n e level after partial recombination is found to increase as RE current is increased. The amount of initial Ar in the RE plateau is not observed to have a strong effect on partial recombination. Partial recombination timescales of order 5 ms in DIII-D and 15 ms in JET are observed. These basic trends and timescales are matched with a 1D diffusion model, which is then used to extrapolate to ITER and SPARC tokamaks. Within the approximations of this model, it is predicted that ITER will be able to achieve sufficiently low n e values on time scales faster than expected RE plateau vertical drift timescales (of order 100 ms), provided sufficient D 2 or H 2 is injected. In SPARC, it is predicted that achieving significant n e recombination will be challenging, due to the very high RE current density. In both ITER and SPARC, it is predicted that achieving low n e will be easier with Ar as a background impurity (rather than Ne).

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1953

High-Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests of a 1/16-Scale Model of the D-558 Research Airplane Lift and Drag Characteristics of the D-558-1 and Various Wing and Tail Configurations

Tests were made in the Langley 8-foot high-speed tunnel to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the D-558-1 airplane and various wing and tail configurations on the D-558-1 fuselage. The various wing and tail configurations were tested to determine the aerodynamic effects of aspect ratio and sweep for suitable use on the second phase of the D-558 project (D-558-2). The tests were conducted through a speed range from a Mach number of 0.40 to approximately 0.94.This part of the investigation includes the lift and drag results available for the configurations tested at this rate. The D-558-1 results indicated that the lift force break would occur at a Mach number of 0.85 with some reduction in lift at speeds above this Mach number. Tests indicated that the airplane will have satisfactory lift and drag characteristics up to and including its design Mach number of 0.85. The 35deg sweptback, 35deg swept-forward, and low-aspect-ratio (2.0) wing configurations all showed pronounced improvements in maintaining lift throughout the Mach number range tested and in increasing the critical speeds above the D-558-1 value &itical to critical Mach numbers on the order of 0.9. Insofar as lift and drag characteristics are concerned level flight at speeds approaching the velocity of sound appears practical if swept or low-aspect-ratio configurations similar to those tested are used.

Wright, John D.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Demand reduction and energy saving potential of thermal energy storage integrated heat pumps [Réduction de la demande et potentiel d'économie d'énergie des pompes à chaleur avec stockage d'énergie thermique intégré]

A heat pump (HP) moves heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature sink with an input of energy. Often, one temperature body fluctuates with time (e.g., diurnal ambient temperature), causing the HP efficiency to vary. Integrating thermal energy storage (TES) into a HP system adds a third temperature body, enabling the HP to be advantageously coupled to any two: the application, the ambient, or the TES at strategic times. Although TES integration with HPs is an important emerging technology to lower energy consumption and decrease energy demand during critical times, the favorable circumstances for TES integration are poorly understood. Here, this paper establishes the energy reduction and demand reduction potential of TES-integrated HPs with both analytical and numerical HP models. All possible temperature arrangements are considered for HP-TES systems with two fixed temperature bodies (application and TES) and one variable temperature (ambient). Results show that overall energy savings are most attainable when the TES temperature is near the application temperature, whereas a large temperature difference between the TES and the application leads to the most peak demand reduction. The potential for overall energy savings increases as the magnitude of ambient temperature fluctuations increases.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multiorbital singlet pairing and d + d superconductivity

Recent experiments in multiband Fe-based and heavy-fermion superconductors have challenged the long-held dichotomy between simple s - and d -wave spin-singlet pairing states. Here, we advance several time-reversal-invariant irreducible pairings that go beyond the standard singlet functions through a matrix structure in the band/orbital space, and elucidate their naturalness in multiband systems. We consider the s τ 3 multiorbital superconducting state for Fe-chalcogenide superconductors. This state, corresponding to a d + d intra- and inter-band pairing, is shown to contrast with the more familiar d + i d state in a way analogous to how the B- triplet pairing phase of 3 He superfluid differs from its A- phase counterpart. In addition, we construct an analog of the s τ 3 pairing for the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu 2 Si 2 , using degrees-of-freedom that incorporate spin-orbit coupling. Our results lead to the proposition that d -wave superconductors in correlated multiband systems will generically have a fully-gapped Fermi surface when they are examined at sufficiently low energies.

Materials Science↗
DOE OSTI2024

Poles and poltergeists in e + e − → D D ¯ data

A recent report of e + e − → D D ¯ events by the BESIII collaboration suggests the presence of a structure R at 3900 MeV. We argue that this structure, called G ( 3900 ) in the past, is not in fact due to a new c c ¯ resonance but rather naturally emerges due to a combination of interference between nearby resonances and the opening of the D * D ¯ channel. We further find that the appearance of this structure does not require suppression because of a radial node in the ψ ( 4040 ) wave function, although a node improves fit quality. The measured e + e − coupling of ψ ( 4040 ) is found to be substantially smaller than previously estimated. In addition, we report new corrections to the measured cross section σ ( e + e − → D D ¯ ) at energies near ψ ( 3770 ) . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2022

DESIGN AND TESTING OF DIMES CARBON ABLATION RODS IN THE DIII-D TOKAMAK

We present the design of ATJ graphite rods developed for ablation experiments under high heat flux (up to 50 MW/m2) in the lower divertor of the DIII-D tokamak, a magnetic plasma confinement device. This work is motivated by the need to test ablation models relevant to carbon-based thermal shields used in high-speed spacecraft atmospheric entries, where the heat fluxes encountered can be comparable to those achieved in the DIII-D divertor plasma. Several different designs for the flowfacing side of the rod are analyzed, including "sharp nose," "blunt," and "concave". The last shape is studied for its potential to lower heat fluxes at the rod surface by increased radiation from trapped neutrals and reduced parallel plasma pressure. We also analyze the possibility of applying a thin (approximately 30 microns) layer of silicon carbide (SiC) to the exposed part of several carbon ablation rods to benchmark its erosion calculations and lifetime predictions. Such calculations are of interest as SiC represents a promising material for both thermal protection systems (TPS) and a fusion plasma-facing material (PFM). Preliminary results from the DIII-D rod ablation experiments are also discussed.

Orlov, Dmitri M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Independent Review of Non-Destructive Assay for the K-25/K-27 D&D Project: November 30-December 3, 2004, Oak Ridge, TN

The DOE with concurrence from the D&D contractor has chartered an assessment of the methods and procedures used to obtain the original NDA results of holdup deposits at the K-25 and K-27 uranium gaseous diffusion facilities in Oak Ridge. The assessment has been performed by an external review team with the participation of the D&D contractor, DOE, and DOE/OR. This document is the final report for the assessment. The DOE provided the charter for this review. The review team spent a week in Oak Ridge attending meetings and participating in discussions with expert contractor staff. Substantial additional input for the review came from numerous written materials, unpublished and published. This final report of observations, findings, and recommendations in areas defined by the charter is based on information from the meetings, discussions, and documents. The assessment of the Review Team is that the DOE/OR and BJC approach in using historical NDA data for the D&D of K-25 and K-27 is appropriate and generally acceptable. Resolving issues, addressing findings, and implementing the recommendations documented in this report will reconcile specific technical concerns.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1993

Charge transfer and momentum exchange in exospheric D-H(+) and H-D(+) collisions

Mechanisms that control the escape of deuterium from planetary exospheres include the acceleration of D(+) in the polar wind, and the production of suprathermal D atoms through nonthermal collisions. In this paper we examine the effects of neutral-ion interactions involving deuterium and hydrogen on the velocity distribution of neutral D. A two-center scattering approximation is used as the basis for calculations of the differential cross sections for charge transfer and elastic scatter in collision of H with D(+) and of D with H(+) for ionosphere-exosphere collision energies below 10 e V. These data are used to derive temperature dependent rate coefficients for the charge transfer branches of these interactions, and to determine the effects of ion-neutral temperature differences on the rate of generation of suprathermal D through charge transfer and elastic scatter.

Hodges, R. R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1994

2-D and 3-D oscillating wing aerodynamics for a range of angles of attack including stall

A comprehensive experimental investigation of the pressure distribution over a semispan wing undergoing pitching motions representative of a helicopter rotor blade was conducted. Testing the wing in the nonrotating condition isolates the three-dimensional (3-D) blade aerodynamic and dynamic stall characteristics from the complications of the rotor blade environment. The test has generated a very complete, detailed, and accurate body of data. These data include static and dynamic pressure distributions, surface flow visualizations, two-dimensional (2-D) airfoil data from the same model and installation, and important supporting blockage and wall pressure distributions. This body of data is sufficiently comprehensive and accurate that it can be used for the validation of rotor blade aerodynamic models over a broad range of the important parameters including 3-D dynamic stall. This data report presents all the cycle-averaged lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficient data versus angle of attack obtained from the instantaneous pressure data for the 3-D wing and the 2-D airfoil. Also presented are examples of the following: cycle-to-cycle variations occurring for incipient or lightly stalled conditions; 3-D surface flow visualizations; supporting blockage and wall pressure distributions; and underlying detailed pressure results.

Piziali, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Kinetic-Energy Distribution of D(2p) Atoms from Analysis of the D Lyman-Alpha Line Profile

The kinetic-energy distribution of D(2p) atoms resulting from electron-impact dissociation of D2 has been measured. A high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer was employed for the first measurement of the D Lyman-alpha (D L(alpha)) emission line profiles at 20- and 100-eV excitation energies. Analysis of the deconvoluted line profile of D L(alpha) at 100 eV reveals the existence of a narrow line central peak of 29+/-2 mA full width at half maximum and a broad pedestal wing structure about 190 mA wide. The wings of the line can be used to determine the fast atom distribution. The wings of D L(alpha) arise from dissociative excitation of a series of doubly excited states that cross the Franck-Condon region between 23 and 40 eV. The fast atom distribution at 100-eV electron impact energy spans the energy range from 1 to 10 eV with a peak value near 6 eV. Slow D(2p) atoms characterized by a distribution function with peak energy near 100 meV produce the central peak profile, which is nearly independent of the impact energy. The deconvoluted line profiles of the central peak at 20 eV for dissociative excitation of D2 and H2 are fitted with an analytical function for use in calibration of space flight instrumentation equipped with a D/H absorption cell. The kinetic-energy and line profile results are compared to similar measurements for H2. The absolute cross sections for the line center (slow atoms) and wings (fast atoms) and total emission line profile were measured from threshold to 400 eV. Analytical model coefficients are given for the energy dependence of the measured slow atom cross section.

Ciocca, M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for the leptonic decays D * + → e + ν e and D * + → μ + ν μ

We present the first search for the leptonic decays D * + → e + ν e and D * + → μ + ν μ by analyzing a data sample of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb − 1 . No significant signal is observed. The upper limits on the branching fractions for D * + → e + ν e and D * + → μ + ν μ are set to be 1.1 × 10 − 5 and 4.3 × 10 − 6 at 90% confidence level, respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Toroidal modeling of runaway electron loss due to 3-D fields in DIII-D and COMPASS

The 3-D field induced relativistic runaway electron (RE) loss has been simulated for DIII-D, COMPASS and ITER plasmas, utilizing the MARS-F code incorporated with the recently developed and updated RE orbit module (REORBIT). Modeling shows effectively 100% loss of a post-disruption, high-current runaway beam in DIII-D, due to the 1 kG level of magnetic field perturbation produced by a fast growing n = 1 resistive kink instability. The RE loss is shown to be independent of the particle energy or the initial location of particles in the configuration space. Applied resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields from in-vessel coils are not effective for RE beam mitigation in DIII-D, but do produce finite (>10%) RE loss in COMPASS, consistent with experimental observations in above two devices. The major reasons for this difference in RE control by RMP between these two devices are (i) the coil proximity to the RE beam and (ii) the effective coil current scaling versus the machine size and the toroidal magnetic field. About 10% RE loss fraction is also predicted for an ITER 15 MA scenario with pre-disruption plasma, highlighting the role of the plasma response. Up to 30% loss is computed, however, by artificially scaling the equilibrium pressure to zero. This is due to the more resistive plasma response and stronger resulting field line stochasticity. Distributions of the lost REs to the limiting surface show poloidally peaked profile near the high-field-side in both DIII-D and COMPASS, covering about 100o poloidal angle. Higher perturbation field level and/or higher particle energy also result in REs being lost to the low-field-side of the limiting surface of these two devices, increasing the effective wetted area. Finally, for the modeled ITER plasmas, the applied RMP field, with optimal poloidal spectrum that maximizes the edge localized mode control, leads to REs being lost to the lower divertor region of the limiting surface within a narrow poloidal band.

3-D field↗
DOE OSTI2024

Study of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D s + → K + K + π − and D s + → K + K + π − π 0

Based on 7.33 fb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, the experimental studies of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D s + → K + K + π − and D s + → K + K + π − π 0 are reported. We determine the absolute branching fraction of D s + → K + K + π − to be ( 1.2 4 − 0.26 + 0.28 ( stat ) ± 0.06 ( syst ) ) × 10 − 4 . No significant signal of D s + → K + K + π − π 0 is observed and the upper limit on its decay branching fraction at 90% confidence level is set to be 1.7 × 10 − 4 . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for C -even states decaying to D s ± D s * ∓ with masses between 4.08 and 4.32 GeV / c 2

Six C -even states, denoted as X , with quantum numbers J P C = 0 − + , 1 ± + , or 2 ± + , are searched for via the e + e − → γ D s ± D s * ∓ process using ( 1667.39 ± 8.84 ) pb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energy of s = ( 4681.92 ± 0.30 ) MeV . No statistically significant signal is observed in the mass range from 4.08 GeV / c 2 to 4.32 GeV / c 2 . The upper limits of σ [ e + e − → γ X ] · B [ X → D s ± D s * ∓ ] at a 90% confidence level are determined. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Study of D s + → f 0 ( 980 ) ρ + and ϕ π + Decays through D s + → π + π + π − π 0

We perform the first amplitude analysis of D s + → π + π + π − π 0 decays based on data samples of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb − 1 . We report the observation of D s + → f 0 ( 980 ) ρ ( 770 ) + with a statistical significance greater than 10 σ and determine the branching fractions B ( D s + → π + π + π − π 0 | non − η ) = ( 2.04 ± 0.0 8 stat ± 0.0 5 syst ) % and B ( D s + → η π + ) = ( 1.56 ± 0.0 9 stat ± 0.0 4 syst ) % . Moreover, we measure the relative branching fraction between ϕ → π + π − π 0 and ϕ → K + K − to be [ B ( ϕ ( 1020 ) → π + π − π 0 ) / B ( ϕ ( 1020 ) → K + K − ) ] = 0.230 ± 0.01 4 stat ± 0.01 0 syst ., which deviates from the world average value by more than 4 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer efficiency in the O/1 D/-N2 and O/1 D/-CO systems

With the aid of a molecular resonance fluorescence technique, which utilizes optical pumping from the v = 1 level of the ground state of CO by A 1 Pi-X 1 Sigma radiation, a study is made of the efficiency of E-V transfer from O(1 D) to CO. O(1 D) is generated at a known rate by O2 photodissociation at 1470 A in an intermittent mode, and the small modulation of the fluorescent signal associated with CO (v = 1) above the normal thermal background is interpreted in terms of E-V transfer efficiency. The CO (v = 1) lifetime in this system is determined mainly by resonance trapping of the IR fundamental band, and is found to be up to ten times longer than the natural radiative lifetime. For CO, (40 plus or minus 8)% of the O(1 D) energy is converted into vibrational energy. By observing the effect of N2 on the CO (v = 1) fluorescent intensity and lifetime, it is possible to obtain the E-V transfer efficiency for the system O(1 D)-N2 relative to that for O(1 D)-CO. The results indicate that the efficiency for N2 is (83 plus or minus 10)% of that for CO.

Slanger, T. G.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Assessment of SPAR elements and formulation of some basic 2-D and 3-D elements for use with testbed generic element processor

The initial Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) Testbed was based on Level 13 of the SPAR finite element computer program. Until recently, the element library of the Testbed has been limited to those elements in Level 13 of SPAR. The development of a generic element processor has enabled element researchers to develop, implement and assess element formulations with relative ease. An assessment of new elements as well as the existing SPAR Level 13 elements has revealed some definite shortcomings with the SPAR Level 13 2-D and 3-D elements. The SPAR S81 solid element does not pass the patch test problem proposed by MacNeal-Harder. These deficiencies are identified here. The 2-D elements, however, seem to perform well taking into account the limitations imposed by the theory used to formulate them, (i.e., thin plates only). Common deficiencies of the 2-D and 3-D elements in SPAR have to do with their adaptability to the nonlinear analysis utilities developed by Lockheed Palo Alto Research Lab. Also, the EFIL format of the SPAR element data does not conform to the standard format of the Testbed.

Aminpour, Mohammad A.↗