Probe and geiger counter rocket measurements of a minor d-region event.
D region electron density profiles and corpuscular radiation measured by DC probe and Geiger counter
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D region electron density profiles and corpuscular radiation measured by DC probe and Geiger counter
Systematic theory of parachute-borne blunt probe operating in ionospheric D region
Ionospheric absorption of charged particles and photons, and ionization by solar radiation, cosmic rays, and Lyman alpha radiation
Electron energy loss rate for D region determined by Maxwellian velocity distribution of thermal component brought about by collisions with molecular nitrogen involving rotational transition
Lyman alpha ionization of nitric oxide and ion molecule reactions accounting for ionic nitric oxide content of D and E regions
First-order correction to Hoult theory for measuring ion density in D region, especially those involving heat transfer and compressibility
Number densities of ions and electrons in D region measured, using Arcas rocket
Differential absorption and Faraday rotation in D region, using closed loop feedback system and two signals of different frequencies
Weak shock effects and chemistry of lower D region, and blunt supersonic probe theory and first order corrections
Ionospheric dynamics and properties, structure of D and F regions, global wind circulation, and radio wave absorption
Winter radio absorption anomaly at middle latitudes theory in terms of temperature and nitric oxide distributions in D region
Rocket measurement of quiet D-region electron number density profiles near sunrise
Rocket observations of lowest ionosphere at sunrise and sunset
Vertical incidence ionospheric absorption measurements from ground station criteria for recognizing winter anomaly
D-region mobility and constituents abundance spectrometer device based on continuum concepts
Linear correlation-detection transducer arrays for directional noise field signals, giving N-element coherent detector performance in propagating and turbulent boundary layer
A review is given of the nonequilibrium calculation techniques by various authors over the past decade to predict heat fluxes to the windward side of the Space Shuttle orbiter. The results of these techniques are compared with measurements made on the first few flights of the Space Shuttle. The calculations attempt to account for finite rate chemistry in the shock layer around the vehicle and for finite rate catalytic atom recombination on the thermal protection materials. The techniques considered are the axisymmetric viscous shock layer method, three dimensional reacting Euler equation solutions coupled with axisymmetric analog boundary layer method, and a recently developed nonequilibrium 3-D viscous shock layer method.
Since the calculations of plane steady transonic flows conducted by Murman and Cole (1971), steady progress has been made with respect to the computation of inviscid transonic flows. It has been found that it is inadequate to consider practical wing design at transonic speeds without considering the effects of viscosity and turbulence. The present study has the objective to develop a zonal method for viscous transonic flow over three-dimensional (3-D) wings. The employed approach follows closely the viscous/inviscid interaction techniques discussed by Melnik et al. (1983) for viscous flow about airfoils. Attention is given to inviscid flow equations and boundary conditions, the solution of 3-D boundary layer and wake, an iterative solution to viscid-inviscid interaction analysis, and results obtained for a transonic cruise wing of transport type.