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At least 109 records · Page 6

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DOE OSTI2017

Effect of the stresses caused by substrate on the electrical conductivity of ferromagnetic manganite lanthanum–barium films

This is a complex study of the electrophysical and magnetic characteristics of epitaxial manganite La{sub 0.7}Ba{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} (LBMO) films under conditions of crystal structure stresses caused by misfit in the lattice parameters of the LBMO crystal and a substrate. The substrate used had the lattice parameter smaller than that in the LBMO crystal. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of the films at low temperatures is not dependent on the existence of stresses in the film and agrees well with the calculation with allowance made for the interaction of carriers with magnetic excitations in the presence of strongly correlated electronic states. The study of the ferromagnetic resonance line indicates an inhomogeneity of the ferromagnetic phase in the LBMO films and the increase in the ferromagnetic resonance line width with decreasing temperature.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2019

Giant Anisotropy of Gilbert Damping in Epitaxial CoFe Films

Tailoring Gilbert damping of metallic ferromagnetic thin films is one of the central interests in spintronics applications. We report a giant Gilbert damping anisotropy in epitaxial ${\mathrm{Co}}_{50}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}$ thin films with a maximum-minimum damping ratio of 400%, determined by broadband spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance as well as inductive ferromagnetic resonance. We conclude that the origin of this damping anisotropy is the variation of the spin orbit coupling for different magnetization orientations in the cubic lattice, which is further corroborated from the magnitude of the anisotropic magnetoresistance in ${\mathrm{Co}}_{50}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}$.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2015

Exponentially decaying magnetic coupling in sputtered thin film FeNi/Cu/FeCo trilayers

Magnetic coupling in trilayer films of FeNi/Cu/FeCo deposited on Si/SiO{sub 2} substrates have been studied. While the thicknesses of the FeNi and FeCo layers were kept constant at 100 Å, the thickness of the Cu spacer was varied from 5 to 50 Å. Both hysteresis loop and ferromagnetic resonance results indicate that all films are ferromagnetically coupled. Micromagnetic simulations well reproduce the ferromagnetic resonance mode positions measured by experiments, enabling the extraction of the coupling constants. Films with a thin Cu spacer are found to be strongly coupled, with an effective coupling constant of 3 erg/cm{sup 2} for the sample with a 5 Å Cu spacer. The strong coupling strength is qualitatively understood within the framework of a combined effect of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida and pinhole coupling, which is evidenced by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The magnetic coupling constant surprisingly decreases exponentially with increasing Cu spacer thickness, without showing an oscillatory thickness dependence. This is partially connected to the substantial interfacial roughness that washes away the oscillation. The results have implications on the design of multilayers for spintronic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2015

Microscopic properties of degradation-free capped GdN thin films studied by electron spin resonance

The microscopic magnetic properties of high-quality GdN thin films have been investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. Detailed temperature dependence ESR measurements have shown the existence of two ferromagnetic components at lower temperatures, which was not clear from the previous magnetization measurements. The temperature, where the resonance shift occurs for the major ferromagnetic component, seems to be consistent with the Curie temperature obtained from the previous magnetization measurement. On the other hand, the divergence of line width is observed around 57 K for the minor ferromagnetic component. The magnetic anisotropies of GdN thin films have been obtained by the analysis of FMR angular dependence observed at 4.2 K. Combining the X-ray diffraction results, the correlation between the magnetic anisotropies and the lattice constants is discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2016

Dense nanocrystalline yttrium iron garnet films formed at room temperature by aerosol deposition

Highlights: • We deposit yttrium iron garnet films at room temperature using aerosol deposition. • Films are 96% of theoretical density for yttrium iron garnet. • We report magnetic and structural properties post-deposition and post-annealing. • Low-temperature annealing decreases the FMR linewidth. • We discuss features of the FMR spectra at each anneal temperature. - Abstract: We have employed aerosol deposition to form polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films on sapphire at room temperature that are 90–96% dense. We characterize the structural and dynamic magnetic properties of the dense films using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ferromagnetic resonance techniques. We find that the as-deposited films are pure single-phase YIG formed of compact polycrystallites ∼20 nm in size. The ferromagnetic resonance mode occurs at 2829 G with a linewidth of 308 G. We perform a series of successive anneals up to 1000 °C on a film to explore heat treatment on the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth. We find the narrowest linewidth of 98 G occurs after a 750 °C anneal.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Negligible magnetic losses at low temperatures in liquid phase epitaxy grown Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 films

Yttrium iron garnet (Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 ; YIG) has a unique combination of low magnetic damping, high spin-wave conductivity, and insulating properties that make it a highly attractive material for a variety of applications in the fields of magnetics and spintronics. While the room-temperature magnetization dynamics of YIG have been extensively studied, there are limited reports correlating the low-temperature magnetization dynamics to the material structure or growth method. Here, in this study, we investigate liquid phase epitaxy grown YIG films and their magnetization dynamics at temperatures down to 10 K. We show there is a negligible increase in the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth down to 10 K, which is unique when compared with YIG films grown by other deposition methods. From the broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements, polarized neutron reflectivity, and scanning transmission electron microscopy, we conclude that these liquid phase epitaxy grown films have negligible rare-earth impurities present, specifically the suppression of Gd diffusion from the Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 (GGG) substrate into the Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 film, and therefore negligible magnetic losses attributed to the slow-relaxation mechanism. Overall, liquid phase epitaxy YIG films have a YIG/GGG interface that is five times sharper and have ten times lower ferromagnetic resonance linewidths below 50 K than comparable YIG films by other deposition methods. Thus, liquid phase epitaxy grown YIG films are ideal for low-temperature experiments/applications that require low magnetic losses, such as quantum transduction and manipulation via magnon coupling.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2015

Spin orientation driven static and dynamic magnetic process in amorphous FeCoBSi thin films

The spin orientation dependence of magnetic hysteresis and microwave ferromagnetic resonance data are investigated in FeCoBSi amorphous thin films. Demagnetization effect allows the weak interface-rooted out-of-plane anisotropy to build up local spin orientation domains under the dominant in-plane anisotropy. As a result, two phase magnetization reversal and double-peak ferromagnetic resonance traces with varying damping behavior are observed. Due to the distribution of in-plane and out-of-plane spin orientations, the ferromagnetic resonance bandwidth has been extensively expanded with the full width at half maximum increased from 1.2 GHz to 3.5 GHz.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2014

Influence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the spin-torque diode effect

This paper predicts the effect of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and spin Hall effect in the spin-torque diode response of a Magnetic Tunnel Junction built over a Tantalum strip. Our results indicate that, for a microwave current large enough, the DMI can change qualitatively the resonant response by splitting the ferromagnetic resonance peak. We also find out that the two modes have a non-uniform spatial distribution.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic and high frequency properties of nanogranular CoFe-yttrium-doped zirconia films

Soft magnetic nanogranular FeCo-Yttrium-doped Zirconia thin films were fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering at different sputtering power. It was found that film electrical resistivity (ρ) decreased steeply with the increase of sputtering power, while both saturation magnetization (4πM{sub s}) and natural ferromagnetic resonant frequency (ƒ{sub r}) increased with the sputtering power ascending from 100 W to 200 W, but decreased when sputtering power exceeded 200 W. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the films were nanocrystalline/amorphous composites. A saturation magnetization as high as 15.4 kGs and a ferromagnetic resonance frequency above 3 GHz were obtained.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

Self-induced spin-orbit torques in metallic ferromagnets

Herein we present a phenomenological theory of spin-orbit torques in a metallic ferromagnet with spin-relaxing boundaries. The model is rooted in the coupled diffusion of charge and spin in the bulk of the ferromagnet, where we account for the anomalous Hall effects as well as the anisotropic magnetoresistance in the corresponding constitutive relations for both charge and spin sectors. The diffusion equations are supplemented with suitable boundary conditions reflecting the spin-sink capacity of the environment. In inversion-asymmetric heterostructures, the uncompensated spin accumulation exerts a dissipative torque on the order parameter, giving rise to a current-dependent linewidth in the ferromagnetic resonance with a characteristic angular dependence. We compare our model to recent spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements, illustrating how rich self-induced spin-torque phenomenology can arise even in simple magnetic structures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2015

The role of the non-magnetic material in spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in NiFe and CoFeB multilayer systems

We present a study of the effective magnetization M{sub eff} and the effective damping parameter α{sub eff} by means of ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy on the ferromagnetic (FM) materials Ni{sub 81}Fe{sub 19} (NiFe) and Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20} (CoFeB) in FM/Pt, FM/NM, and FM/NM/Pt systems with the non-magnetic (NM) materials Ru, Cr, Al, and MgO. Moreover, for NiFe layer systems, the influence of interface effects is studied by way of thickness dependent measurements of M{sub eff} and α{sub eff}. Additionally, spin pumping in NiFe/NM/Pt is investigated by means of inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements. We observe a large dependence of M{sub eff} and α{sub eff} of the NiFe films on the adjacent NM layer. While Cr and Al do not induce a large change in the magnetic properties, Ru, Pt, and MgO affect M{sub eff} and α{sub eff} in different degrees. In particular, NiFe/Ru and NiFe/Ru/Pt systems show a large perpendicular surface anisotropy and a significant enhancement of the damping. In contrast, the magnetic properties of CoFeB films do not have a large influence of the NM adjacent material and only CoFeB/Pt systems present an enhancement of α{sub eff}. However, this enhancement is much more pronounced in NiFe/Pt. By the introduction of the NM spacer material, this enhancement is reduced. Furthermore, a difference in symmetry between NiFe/NM/Pt and NiFe/NM systems in the output voltage signal from the ISHE measurements reveals the presence of spin pumping into the Pt layer in all-metallic NiFe/NM/Pt and NiFe/Pt systems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2019

Magnetic and Resistive Properties of Magnetite/Iridate Heterostructures

A technique is developed to grow epitaxial heterostructures consisting of strontium iridate (SrIrO{sub 3}) and lanthanum–strontium manganite (La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}). Their transport properties and ferromagnetic resonance spectra are measured. The parameters obtained are compared with the properties of individual iridate and manganite films. The results of resistive measurements point to conduction of the iridate/manganite interface. As temperature decreases, the ferromagnetic resonance line width increases and the resonance field decreases, which indicates the appearance of additional ferromagnetic ordering in the heterostructures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2019

Microscopic subsurface characterization of layered magnetic materials using magnetic resonance force microscopy

This project resulted in the following accomplishments: 1) The invention of scanned probe ferromagnetic resonance microscopy. Upon implementation and refinement this approach was used to measure static and dynamic magnetic resonance properties of ferromagnets with an unprecedented combination of spectral and spatial resolution. 2) Demonstration and study of spin pumping in a pristine ferromagnet across a boundary defined entirely by a magnetic field gradient, and so free of materials discontinuities. 3) First demonstrated highly efficient dynamic spin injection from Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) into NiO, an antiferromagnetic (AF) insulator and robust spin propagation in AF NiO over distances up to 100-nm thickness; both spin injection and spin transport are mediated by the AF spin correlations. 4) Demonstration of exceptionally high efficiency conversion of spin current to charge current achieved in spin pumping from the dynamic magnetization of a ferromagnetic insulator into a variety of adjacent metal films. 5) Seminal study of the nature of spin-orbit coupling in d-electron metals that revealed the dominant sensitivity of the d-orbital moment to the d-electron count and revealing the important roles of both d-electron configuration and atomic number in the physics of the spin Hall effect. 6) Demonstration of observation of FMR by means of optically-detected NV diamond relaxometry that provided a highly sensitive, spatially resolved FMR detection method and revealed spin pumping across 100-nm length scales by means of dipolar coupling. 7) Using magnetic field localization, developed for FMR imaging, demonstrated a novel approach to discretizing spin wave modes to improve the characteristics of auto-oscillators driven by pure spin currents produced by the spin Hall effect. 8) We demonstrated large spin pumping signals from propagating high wavevector spinwaves in thin film YIG find that the spin pumping efficiency was insensitive to wavevector thus emphasizing the promise of thin YIG films for spinwave-based spintronics by allowing for predictable down-scaling of device dimensions and enabling a broad range of operational frequencies.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2014

Microwave properties of RF- sputtered ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin films

In this work, RF- magnetron sputtering technique has been employed to deposit nanocrystalline ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin films at room temperature. The as grown films were ex-situ annealed in air for 2 h at temperatures from 150°C to 650°C. X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and ferromagnetic resonance were used to analyze the phase formation, magnetic properties and microwave properties respectively. From the hysteresis loops and ferromagnetic resonance spectra taken at room temperature, a systematic study on the effect of O{sub 2} plasma on microwave properties with respect to processing temperature has been carried out.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2015

Anti-damping spin transfer torque through epitaxial nickel oxide

We prepare the high quality epitaxial MgO(001)[100]/Pt(001)[100]/NiO(001)[100]/FeNi/SiO{sub 2} films to investigate the spin transport in the NiO antiferromagnetic insulator. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements of the FeNi under a spin current injection from the Pt by the spin Hall effect revealed the change of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth depending on the amount of the spin current injection. The results can be interpreted that there is an angular momentum transfer through the NiO. A high efficient angular momentum transfer we observed in the epitaxial NiO can be attributed to the well-defined orientation of the antiferromagnetic moments and the spin quantization axis of the injected spin current.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2015

Microwave soft x-ray microscopy for nanoscale magnetization dynamics in the 5–10 GHz frequency range

We present a scanning transmission x-ray microscopy setup combined with a novel microwave synchronization scheme for studying high frequency magnetization dynamics at synchrotron light sources. The sensitivity necessary to detect small changes in the magnetization on short time scales and nanometer spatial dimensions is achieved by combining the excitation mechanism with single photon counting electronics that is locked to the synchrotron operation frequency. Our instrument is capable of creating direct images of dynamical phenomena in the 5-10 GHz range, with high spatial resolution. When used together with circularly polarized x-rays, the above capabilities can be combined to study magnetic phenomena at microwave frequencies, such as ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and spin waves. We demonstrate the capabilities of our technique by presenting phase resolved images of a ∼6 GHz nanoscale spin wave generated by a spin torque oscillator, as well as the uniform ferromagnetic precession with ∼0.1° amplitude at ∼9 GHz in a micrometer-sized cobalt strip.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2016

Interlayer exchange coupling between layers with perpendicular and easy-plane magnetic anisotropies

Interlayer exchange coupling between layers with perpendicular and easy-plane magnetic anisotropies separated by a non-magnetic spacer is studied using ferromagnetic resonance. The samples consist of a Co/Ni multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a CoFeB layer with easy-plane anisotropy separated by a variable thickness Ru layer. At a fixed frequency, we show that there is an avoided crossing of layer ferromagnetic resonance modes providing direct evidence for interlayer coupling. The mode dispersions for different Ru thicknesses are fit to a Heisenberg-type model to determine the interlayer exchange coupling strength and layer properties. The resulting interlayer exchange coupling varies continuously from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic as a function of the Ru interlayer thickness. These results show that the magnetic layer single domain ground state consists of magnetizations that can be significantly canted with respect to the layer planes and the canting can be tuned by varying the Ru thickness and the layer magnetic characteristics, a capability of interest for applications in spin-transfer torque devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2022

Element-specific visualization of dynamic magnetic coupling in a Co/Py bilayer microstructure

We present the element-specific and time resolved visualization of uniform ferromagnetic resonance excitations of a Permalloy (Py) disk–Cobalt (Co) stripe bilayer microstructure. The transverse high frequency component of the resonantly excited magnetization is sampled in the ps regime by a combination of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM-FMR) recording snapshots of the local magnetization precession of Py and Co with nanometer spatial resolution. The approach allows us to individually image the resonant dynamic response of each element, and we find that angular momentum is transferred from the Py disk to the Co stripe and vice versa at their respective resonances. The integral (cavity) FMR spectrum of our sample shows an unexpected additional third resonance. This resonance is observed in the STXM-FMR experiments as well. Our microscopic findings suggest that it is governed by magnetic exchange between Py and Co, showing for the Co stripe a difference in relative phase of the magnetization due to stray field influence.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗