Man's response to long-duration flight in the Gemini spacecraft
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HEALTH↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Isotopes and isotope thermoelectric generators
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ISOTOPE↗
Inviscid surface streamline program for use in predicting shuttle heating rates
A number of methods are currently under development for computing the exact three-dimensional flow field about real configurations. However, even when these methods are available, they will require large computational times on present generation computers. Thus, there is still a need to develop approximate methods to solve three-dimensional flow problems. An inviscid-surface-streamline program (for predicting shuttle heating rates) which uses approximate methods to obtain a solution is described.
Hamilton, H. Harris↗
Effect of environmental parameters on habitat structural weight and cost
Space-settlement conceptual designs have previously been accomplished using "Earth-normal" physiological conditions. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the habitat weight and cost penalties associated with this conservative design approach. These penalties are identified by comparison of conservative Earth-normal designs with habitats designed to less than Earth-normal conditions. Physiological research areas are also recommended as a necessary prerequisite to realizing these potential weight and cost savings. Major habitat structural elements, that is, pressure shell and radiation shielding, for populations of 10 2 , 10 4 , and 10 6 , are evaluated for effects of atmospheric pressure, pseudo-gravity level, radiation shielding thickness, and habitat configuration. Results show that broader habitable g-ranges, reduced atmospheric pressure, and detached radiation shielding all have a significant effect in reducing habitat costs. Also, a minimum cost per person is discovered for a habitat with a population of about 10 5 , and this cost is independent of habitat configuration.
Edward Bock↗
Aircraft Seat Cushion Fire-Blocking Layers
229-page report describes work done to determine burning characteristics of present and proposed seat-cushion materials and types of construction. Tested cushions classified in four groups: standard cushion construction, standard cushion construction with protective covering enveloping urethane-foam core, standard cushion construction with protective covering enveloping non-fire-retarded urethane-foam core, and standard cushion construction with urethane-foam core replaced by advanced fire-resistant foam. Report includes still photographs and presents quantitative data from each test in graphs and tables.
Schutter, Kenneth J.↗
CCD Memory
CCD memory device yields over 6.4 x 10 to the eighth power levels of information on single chip. Charge-coupled device (CCD) demonstrated to operate as either read-only-memory (ROM) or photon-programmable memory with capacity of 640,000 bits, with each bit capable of being weighted to more than 1,000 discrete analog levels. Larger memory capacities now possible using proposed approach in conjunction with CCD's now being fabricated, which yield over 4 x 10 to the ninth power discrete levels of information on single chip.
Janesick, James R.↗
Small computer interface to a stepper motor
A Commodore VIC-20 computer has been interfaced with a stepper motor to provide an inexpensive stepper motor controller. Only eight transistors and two integrated circuits compose the interface. The software controls the parallel interface of the computer and provides the four phase drive signals for the motor. Optical sensors control the zeroing of the 12-inch turntable positioned by the controller. The computer calculates the position information and movement of the table and may be programmed in BASIC to execute automatic sequences.
Berry, Fred A., Jr.↗
Self-contained, single-use hose and tubing cleaning module
A self contained, single use hose and tubing cleaning module which utilizes available water supplies without requiring access to precision cleaning facilities is presented. The module is attached to the water source at the inlet side and to the hose or tubing to be cleaned at the outlet side. The water flows through a water purification zone, a detergent dispensing zone, a filtration zone before the detergent laden water flows into the tubing to clean the tubing walls. The module contains an embedded pad which is impregnated with a pH indicator to indicate to the user when the detergent has dissolved and rinsing of the tubing begins.
Rollins, Fred P.↗
Simulation modeling and preliminary analysis of TIMS data from the Carlin area and the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada
A theoretical radiance model was employed together with laboratory data on a suite of igneous rock to evaluate various algorithms for processing Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) data. Two aspects of the general problem were examined: extraction of emissivity information from the observed TIMS radiance data, and how to use emissivity data in a way that is geologically meaningful. The four algorithms were evaluated for appropriate band combinations of TIMS data acquired on both day and night overflights of the Tuscarora Mountains, including the Carlin gold deposit, in north-central Nevada. Analysis of a color composited PC decorrelated image (Bands 3, 4, 5--blue/green/red) of the Northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, area showed some useful correlation with the regional geology. The thermal infrared region provides fundamental spectral information that can be used to discriminate the major rock types occurring on the Earth's surface.
Watson, Ken↗
The study of the physics of cometary nuclei
The numerical calculations of stability for many possible orbits of the double nucleus for P/Holmes showed that the likelihood of such a precollision history was quite high. A number of investigations were made of hypothetical orbits for particles about the asteroid Amphitrite to test for stability. The purpose was to establish more favorable fly-by orbits close to the asteroid for the Galileo missions en-route to Jupiter, reducing the collisional hazards. A statistical study was made of the orbits of long-period comets with small original semi-major axes recently perturbed from the great Opik-Oort Cloud. The results from the space missions to Halley's comet are partially reported in the two papers in the appendices.
Whipple, Fred L.↗
Block 2 SRM conceptual design studies. Volume 1, Book 1: Conceptual design package
The conceptual design studies of a Block 2 Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) require the elimination of asbestos-filled insulation and was open to alternate designs, such as case changes, different propellants, modified burn rate - to improve reliability and performance. Limitations were placed on SRM changes such that the outside geometry should not impact the physical interfaces with other Space Shuttle elements and should have minimum changes to the aerodynamic and dynamic characteristics of the Space Shuttle vehicle. Previous Space Shuttle SRM experience was assessed and new design concepts combined to define a valid approach to assured flight success and economic operation of the STS. Trade studies, preliminary designs, analyses, plans, and cost estimates are documented.
Smith, Brad↗
Space station electric power system requirements and design
An overview of the conceptual definition and design of the space station Electric Power System (EPS) is given. Responsibilities for the design and development of the EPS are defined. The EPS requirements are listed and discussed, including average and peak power requirements, contingency requirements, and fault tolerance. The most significant Phase B trade study results are summarized, and the design selections and rationale are given. Finally, the power management and distribution system architecture is presented.
Teren, Fred↗
Gear tooth stress measurements on the UH-60A helicopter transmission
The U.S. Army UH-60A (Black Hawk) 2200-kW (3000-hp) class twin-engine helicopter transmission was tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center. Results from these experimental (strain-gage) stress tests will enhance the data base for gear stress levels in transmissions of a similar power level. Strain-gage measurements were performed on the transmission's spiral-bevel combining pinions, the planetary Sun gear, and ring gear. Tests were performed at rated speed and at torque levels 25 to 100 percent that of rated. One measurement series was also taken at a 90 percent speed level. The largest stress found was 760 MPa (110 ksi) on the combining pinion fillet. This is 230 percent greater than the AGMA index stress. Corresponding mean and alternating stresses were 300 and 430 MPa (48 and 62 ksi). These values are within the range of successful test experience reported for other transmissions. On the fillet of the ring gear, the largest stress found was 410 MPa (59 ksi). The ring-gear peak stress was found to be 11 percent less than an analytical (computer simulation) value and it is 24 percent greater than the AGMA index stress. A peak compressive stress of 650 MPa (94 ksi) was found at the center of the Sun gear tooth root.
Oswald, Fred B.↗
Buckling tests of a 10 foot diameter stiffened cylinder with rectangular cutouts
A 10-foot diameter aluminum cylinder with rectangular cutouts in its ring and stringer stiffened wall was loaded to failure by an end bending moment. A 24x27 inch cutout, centered on the compression side of the shell, was first cut into the cylinder. After testing, the cutout area was enlarged to a 36/36 inch square cutout that removed the material damaged by buckling during the first test. After the second buckling test, the cutout area was patched with an equivalent stiffness plate bolted over the cutout hole. The cylinder was rotated 120 deg. and a 18x18 inch square hole cut into the center of the new compression side of the shell. Test specimen details, test procedures, and test results are presented.
Davis, Randall C.↗
Pumped two-phase heat transfer loop
A pumped loop two-phase heat transfer system, operating at a nearly constant temperature throughout, includes a plurality of independently operating grooved capillary heat exchanger plates supplied with working fluid through independent flow modulation valves connected to a liquid supply line, a vapor line for collecting vapor from the heat exchangers, a condenser between the vapor and the liquid lines, and a fluid circulating pump between the condenser and the heat exchangers.
Edelstein, Fred↗
Spatial characterization of acid rain stress in Canadian Shield lakes
The acidification of lake waters from airborne pollutants is of continental proportions both in North America and Europe. A major concern of the acid rain problem is the cumulative ecosystem damage to lakes and forest. The number of lakes affected in northeastern United States and on the Canadian Shield is though to be enormous. The principle objective is to examine how seasonal changes in lake water transparency are related to annual acidic load. Further, the relationship between variations in lake acidification and ecophysical units is being examined. Finally, the utility of Thematic Mapper (TM) based observations to measure seasonal changes in the optical transparency in acid lakes is being investigated.
Tanis, Fred J.↗
Spatial characterization of acid rain stress in Canadian Shield lakes
A major concern of the acid rain problem is the cumulative ecosystem damage to lakes and forests. The number of lakes affected in northeastern United States and on the Canadian Shield is thought to be enormous. Seasonal changes in lake transparency are examined relative to annual acidic load. The relationship between variations in lake acidification and ecophysical units is being examined. Finally, the utility of Thematic Mapper (TM) based observations is being used to measure seasonal changes in the optical transparency in acid lakes.
Tanis, Fred J.↗
Fifty year canon of solar eclipses: 1986-2035
A reference of moderately detailed eclipse predictions and maps for use by the professional astronomical community is provided. The general characteristics of every solar eclipse and a detailed set of cylindrical project world maps which show the umbral paths of every solar eclipse from 1901 to 2100 are presented. The geodetic path coordinates and local circumstance on the center line, and a series of orthographic projection maps which show the regions of visibility of both partial and central phases for every eclipse from 1986 through 2035 are also provided.
Espenak, Fred↗