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At least 109 records · Page 6

Theory underlying CRM training: Psychological issues in flight crew performance and crew coordination

What psychological theory and research can reveal about training in Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) is summarized. A framework is provided for the critical analysis of current approaches to CRM training. Background factors and definitions critical to evaluating CRM are reviewed, followed by a discussion of issues directly related to CRM training effectiveness. Some of the things not known about the optimization of crew performance and the research needed to make these efforts as effective as possible are described.

Helmreich, Robert L.↗

Studying flight crew behavior: A social psychologist encounters the real world

Considerable social psychological research has been conducted on the relationship between personality and performance in various occupational settings. Of special interest are situations where the performer is under pressure or the consequences of poor performance can be serious, as in aircraft operation. Some significant findings are summarized, including those related to Type A personality factors, achievement motivation factors, and attitude factors. Future research should focus on group behavior.

Helmreich, Robert L.↗

The formation process of flight crews

A study which uses Hackman's Normative Model (1986) for group effectiveness to see if there are any differences between the behaviors of effective and less effective captains at building and maintaining their crews is presented. Captains were selected using crew evaluations, creating a final pool of six effective crew managers and four captains less proficient as crew leaders. Data collection began at crew briefings, and continued through two trips, with intense data gathering during critical incidents for both task and process events. It was found that a predetermined set of interactions that can occur between crew members exists for the forming crew. It is concluded that effective captains expand the set of interactions, decreasing the limitations on how the group will work together.

Ginnett, Robert C.↗

STS-26 Post-Flight Crew Press Conference

This video tape contains footage selected and narrated by the STS-26 crew including launch, TDRS-C/IUS (Tracking and Data Relay Satellite C / Inertial Upper Stage) deployment, onboard activities, and landing.

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STS-29 Post-Flight Crew Press Conference

This video contains footage selected and narrated by the Commander and the Space Shuttle crew including launch, TDRS-D/IUS deployment, onboard crew activities, and landing.

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Responses to LBNP in men with varying profiles of strength and aerobic capacity: Implications for flight crews

Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) were examined in 24 healthy men to test the hypothesis that responsiveness of reflex control of blood pressure during orthostatic stress is associated with strength and/or aerobic capacity. Subjects underwent treadmill tests to determine peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and isokinetic dynamo meter tests to determine leg strength. Based on predetermined criteria, the subjects were classified into one of four fitness profiles of six subjects each matched for age, height, and weight: (1) low strength/low aerobic fitness; (2) low strength/high aerobic fitness; (3) high strength/low aerobic fitness; and (4) high strength/high aerobic fitness. Following 90 min of 6 degree head-down tilt (HDT), each subject underwent graded LBNP through -50 mmHg or presyncope, with maximal duration 15 min. All groups exhibited typical hemodynamic, hormonal, and fluid shift responses during LBNP, with no intergroup differences except for catecholamines. Seven subjects, distributed among the four fitness profiles, became presyncopal. Subjects who showed greatest reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during LBNP had greater elevations in vasopressin and lesser increases in heart rate and peripheral resistance. Peak VO2 nor leg strength were correlated with fall in MAP or with syncopal episodes. We conclude that neither aerobic nor strength fitness characteristics are good predictors of responses to LBNP stress.

Convertino, Victor A.↗

Image processing for flight crew enhanced situation awareness

This presentation describes the image processing work that is being performed for the Enhanced Situational Awareness System (ESAS) application. Specifically, the presented work supports the Enhanced Vision System (EVS) component of ESAS.

Roberts, Barry↗

Cross-cultural attitudes of flight crew regarding CRM

This study asks if the Cockpit Management Attitude Questionnaire (CMAQ) can detect differences across countries, and/or across occupations. And if so, can those differences be interpreted? Research has shown that the CMAQ is sensitive to attitude differences between and within organizations, thereby demonstrating its effectiveness with American populations. But the CMAQ was originally designed by American researchers and psychometrically refined for American pilots. The items in the questionnaire, though general in nature, still reflect the ubiquitous Western bias, because the items were written by researchers from and for the one culture. Recognizing this constraint, this study is nonetheless interested in attitudes toward crew behavior, and how those attitudes may vary across country and occupation.

Merritt, Ashleigh↗

STS-91: Flight Crew Meets with Family and Friends at Launch Complex 39A

The crew (Commander Charles J. Precourt, Pilot Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie, Mission Specialists Wendy B. Lawrence, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Janet L. Kavandi and Valery Victorovitch Ryumin) take time from their busy schedule to chat with friends and family, at a distance. They also pose for group and single pictures.

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STS-93: Chandra Flight Crew During Breakfast, Suiting and Departing the O&C Building

Live footage shows the crewmembers, Commander Eileen M. Collins, Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby, and Mission Specialists Steven A. Hawley, Catherine G. Coleman and Michel Tognini, sitting around the traditional breakfast table with the traditional cake, talking and having their photographs taken. Footage also includes the crew suiting up and walking out to the Astro-Van from the Operations and Checkout (O&C) Building.

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STS-93: Columbia, Flight Crew Training with M-113 for Chandra

Live footage shows the crewmembers, Commander Eileen M. Collins, Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby, and Mission Specialists Steven A. Hawley, Catherine G. Coleman, and Michel Tognini, standing in front of an M-113 armored personnel carrier vehicle, and posing for photographs. Footage also includes the crew inside the vehicle getting quick instructions on how to operate the vehicle. They are also seen taking turns in driving the vehicle, and taking photographs and recording each other as one member of the crew drives the vehicle.

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STS-95: Discovery Flight Crew Arrives at the Shuttle Landing Facility for TCDT

Live footage shows the night landing of the STS-96 crewmembers, Commander Curtis L. Brown, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialists Scott E. Parazynski, Stephen K. Robinson and Pedro Duque, and Payload Specialists Chiaki Mukai (NASDA) and John H. Glenn. Footage also includes Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown greeting the media at the Shuttle Landing Facility after the crew's arrival aboard T-38 jets.

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STS 103: Post Flight Crew Presentation

The crew (Commander Curtis L. Brown, Pilot Scott J. Kelly, Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale, John M. Grunsfield, Claude Nicollier, and Jean-Francois Clervoy) narrate a video presentation of the STS-103 mission highlights. The mission's primary objective is servicing the Hubble Space Telescope.

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STS-96 Flight Crew Press Q & A at KSCNF for TCDT

Live footage shows Commander of STS-96 mission, Kent V. Rominger, introducing the other crewmembers, Pilot Rick D. Husband, and Mission Specialists Tamara E. Jernigan, Ellen Ochoa, Daniel T. Barry, Julie Payette and Valery Ivanovich Tokarev. During the introduction, Rominger describes each crewmember's responsibilities. He also mentions the deployment of STARSHINE, and the scheduled space walk with Jernigan and Barry. Panoramic views of the shuttle on the launch pad are also shown.

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STS-99 Flight Crew Post-Landing Press Conference

The primary objective of the STS-99 mission was to complete high resolution mapping of large sections of the Earth's surface using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), a specially modified radar system that will produced unrivaled 3-D images of the Earth's Surface. The mission was launched at 12:31 on February 11, 2000 onboard the space shuttle Endeavour. The mission was led by Commander Kevin Kregel. The crew was Pilot Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie and Mission Specialists Janet L. Kavandi, Janice E. Voss, Mamoru Mohri, the National Space Development Agency (Japanese Space Agency) and Gerhard P. J. Thiele, from DARA (German Space Agency). The shuttle landed at Kennedy on the February 22, 2000 at 5:22 CST. This tape shows a post landing press conference with the crew. Commander Kregel made a brief statement praising the crew for the mission's success and then introduced the crewmembers. The crew answered questions about the retraction of the mast. The retraction had been successful, but the latches to the canister had failed. The extreme cold may have caused the problem and a solution was proposed from ground control. If this had not worked, an EVA would have been required. The astronauts were confident in the solution to the problem, however they were ready to perform any required EVA. Mamoru Mohri answered questions from the Japanese press, speaking in English and Japanese.

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STS-49 Astronaut Flight Crew

Footage shows the crew of STS-49, Commander Daniel C. Brandenstein, Pilot Kevin P. Chilton, and Mission Specialists Pierre J. Thuot, Kathryn C. Thornton, Richard J. Hieb, Thomas D. Akers, and Bruce E. Melnick putting equipment away in compartments in the payload bay of Endeavour.

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