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NASA NTRS2005

The NASA-GES-DISC Satellite Data/Products Access, Distribution, Services and Dissemination to Users

The NASA/GES/DISC/DAAC is a virtual data portal that provides convenient access to Atmospheric, Oceanic and Land datasets and value added products from various current NASA missions and instruments as well as heritage datasets from AIRS/AMSU/HSB, AVHRR, CZCS, LIMS, MODIS, MSU, OCTS, SeaWiFS, SORCE, SSI, TOMS, TOVS, UARS and TRMM. The GES-DISC-DAAC also provided a variety of services that allow users to analyze and visualize gridded data interactively online without having to download any data.

Vicente, Gilberto A.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Satellite Level 3 & 4 Data Subsetting at NASA GES DISC

Earth Science data are available in many file formats (NetCDF, HDF, GRB, etc.) and in a wide range of sizes, from kilobytes to gigabytes. These properties have become a challenge to users if they are not familiar with these formats or only want a small region of interest (ROI) from a specific dataset. At NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), we have developed and implemented a multipurpose subset service to ease user access to Earth Science data. Our Level 3 & 4 Regridder is capable of subsetting across multiple parameters (spatially, temporally, by level, and by variable) as well as having additional beneficial features (temporal means, regridding to target grids, and file conversion to other data formats). In this presentation, we will demonstrate how users can use this service to better access only the data they need in the form they require.

subsetting↗
NASA NTRS2008

AIRS Data Service at NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services (GES DISC) and Its Application to Climate Change Study

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument suite is designed to observe and characterize the entire atmospheric column from the surface to the top of the atmosphere in terms of surface emissivity and temperature, atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, cloud amount and height, and the spectral outgoing infrared radiation on a global scale. The AIRS Data Support Team at the GES DISC provides data support to assist others in understanding, retrieving and extracting information from the AIRS/AMSU/HSB data products. Because a number of years has passed since its operation started, the amount of data has reached a certain level of maturity where we can address the climate change study utilizing AIRS data, In this presentation we will list various service we provide and to demonstrate how to utilize/apply the existing service to long-term and short-term variability study.

Won, Young-In↗
NASA NTRS2017

Data Recovery Effort of Nimbus Era Observations by the NASA GES DISC

NASA launched seven Nimbus meteorological satellites in the 1960s and 70s. These satellites carried instruments for making observations of the Earth in the visible, infrared, ultraviolet, and microwave wavelengths. The original data archive consisted of a combination of magnetic tapes and various film media. As these media are well past their expected end of life, the valuable data they contain are now being migrated to the GES DISC modern online archive. The process involves recovering the digital data files from the tapes as well as scanning images of the data from film strips. This presentation will address the status and challenges of recovering the Nimbus data. The old data products were written on now obsolete hardware systems and outdated file formats. They lack any metadata standards and each product is often written in its own proprietary file structure. This requires creating metadata by reading the contents of the old data files. The job is tedious and laborious, as documentation may be incomplete, data files and tapes are sometimes corrupted, or were improperly copied at the time they were created.

Nimbus↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Open Science Approach to Analyze Climate-Crop Relationships in the US Leveraging GES DISC and Galaxy Workflows

Understanding the intricate relationship between climate variability and agricultural production is crucial for ensuring food security. This study investigates the impact of climate parameters, such as temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture, on major US crop yields. Adopting an open science approach, the study analyzes the impact of climate on agricultural production in the United States. The Galaxy workflow engine serves as the primary tool for integrating climate data from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), retrieved via the Giovanni system, with yield statistics from the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS). Extensions for reading, preprocessing, and analyzing external data have been developed, enabling the creation of workflows within the Galaxy platform. The development of a reproducible workflow allows for the calculation of seasonal climate averages, which are then assessed for their correlation with crop yields. This methodology ensures the replicability of the research, promoting transparency and collaboration in the scientific community. Correlational and regression analyses have been applied to different sub-zones and crops. The findings from this research offer valuable insights into the relationship between climate parameters and crop yields. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of climate-crop relationships, providing a solid foundation for informed decision-making in the agricultural sector. The high correlation values indicate a significant relationship between climate parameters and crop yields, underscoring the importance of considering climate factors in agricultural planning and policymaking. This research also exemplifies the power of open science in advancing our understanding of complex environmental and agricultural phenomena. By leveraging open data and services, it provides a robust and replicable framework for future studies in this critical field.

Open science↗
NASA NTRS2016

National Climate Assessment - Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS) Data at NASA GES DISC

As part of NASA's active participation in the Interagency National Climate Assessment (NCA) program, the Goddard Space Flight Center's Hydrological Sciences Laboratory (HSL) is supporting an Integrated Terrestrial Water Analysis, by using NASA's Land Information System (LIS) and Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) capabilities. To maximize the benefit of the NCA-LDAS, on completion of planned model runs and uncertainty analysis, NASA will provide open access to all NCA-LDAS components, including input data, output fields, and indicator data, to other NCA-teams and the general public. The NCA-LDAS data will be archived at the NASA GES DISC (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center) and can be accessed via direct ftp, THREDDS, Mirador search and download, and Giovanni visualization and analysis system.

land surface↗
NASA NTRS2015

65 Years of Reprocessed GLDAS Version 2.0 Data and Their Exploration Using the NASA GES DISC Giovanni

GLDAS-2.0 data have been reprocessed with updated Princeton meteorological forcing data within the Land Information System (LIS) Version 7, and temporal coverage have been extended to 1948-2012.Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2) has two components: GLDAS-2.0: entirely forced with the Princeton meteorological forcing data GLDAS-2.1: forced with atmospheric analysis and observation-based data after 2001In order to create more climatologically consistent data sets, NASA GSFC's Hydrological Sciences Laboratory (HSL) has recently reprocessed the GLDAS-2.0, by using updated Princeton meteorological forcing data within the LIS Version 7.GLDAS-2.0 data and data services are provided at NASA GES DISC Hydrology Data and Information Services Center (HDISC), in collaboration with HSL.

data assimilation↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Harmonizing Multi-Disciplinary Data for Applied Research: A Comprehensive Analysis of GES DISC Datasets through NLP and TF-IDF Techniques

Data centers distribute data encompassing multiple disciplines, making it necessary to evaluate dataset applicability to applied research. Typically, these datasets are generated by specialized science teams and consist of single-discipline data, such as atmospheric temperature, pressure, and precipitation, leading to unique dataset formats and access services. However, in applied research, the utilization of datasets from multiple disciplines is commonly necessary. The increasing availability of research literature citing Earth Science datasets presents an opportunity to analyze the usage of datasets in multi-disciplinary research. This study proposes a novel approach wherein research publications citing datasets archived at the GES DISC (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center) are collected, and each publication is associated with specific research topics through the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP), using the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) technique on the publication titles and abstracts. Through this analysis, we gain insights into the distribution of dataset disciplines as they are being used in various applied research areas. This knowledge is essential for the development of dataset tools and services tailored to effectively support applied research studies, as it enhances a data center's comprehension of how datasets from multiple disciplines are integrated into research endeavors.

Infometrics↗
NASA NTRS2012

New and Improved GLDAS Data Sets and Data Services at NASA GES DISC

The goal of a Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) is to ingest satellite- and ground-based observational data products, using advanced land surface modeling and data assimilation techniques, in order to generate optimal fields of land surface states and fluxes data and, thereby, facilitate hydrology and climate modeling, research, and forecast. With the motivation of creating more climatologically consistent data sets, NASA GSFC's Hydrological Sciences Laboratory has generated more than 60 years (Jan. 1948-- Dec. 2008) of Global LDAS Version 2 (GLDAS-2) data, by using the Princeton Forcing Data Set and upgraded versions of Land Surface Models (LSMs). GLDAS data and data services are provided at NASA GES DISC Hydrology Data and Information Services Center (HDISC), in collaboration with HSL and LDAS.

Rui, Hualan↗
NASA NTRS2017

Recovering Nimbus Era Observations at the NASA GES DISC

Between 1964 and 1978, NASA launched a series of seven Nimbus meteorological satellites which provided Earth observations for 30 years. These satellites, carrying a total of 33 instruments to observe the Earth at visible, infrared, ultraviolet, and microwave wavelengths, revolutionized weather forecasting, provided early observations of ocean color and atmospheric ozone, and prototyped location-based search and rescue capabilities. The Nimbus series paved the way for a number of currently operational systems such as the EOS (Earth Observation System) Terra, Aqua, and Aura platforms. The original data archive includes both magnetic tapes and film media. These media are well past their expected end of life, placing at risk valuable data that are critical to extending the history of Earth observations back in time. GES DISC (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center) has been incorporating these data into a modern online archive by recovering the digital data files from the tapes, and scanning images of the data from film strips. The digital data products were written on obsolete hardware systems in outdated file formats, and in the absence of metadata standards at that time, were often written in proprietary file structures. Through a tedious and laborious process, oft-corrupted data are recovered, and incomplete metadata and documentation are reconstructed.

data recovery↗
NASA NTRS2017

GES DISC Data Recipes in Jupyter Notebooks

The Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project manages twelve Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) which are geographically dispersed across the United States. The DAACs are responsible for ingesting, processing, archiving, and distributing Earth science data produced from various sources (satellites, aircraft, field measurements, etc.). In response to projections of an exponential increase in data production, there has been a recent effort to prototype various DAAC activities in the cloud computing environment. This, in turn, led to the creation of an initiative, called the Cloud Analysis Toolkit to Enable Earth Science (CATEES), to develop a Python software package in order to transition Earth science data processing to the cloud. This project, in particular, supports CATEES and has two primary goals. One, to transition data recipes created by the Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Service Center (GES DISC) into an interactive and educational environment using JupyterNotebooks. Two, to acclimate Earth scientists to cloud computing. To accomplish these goals, we create JupyterNotebooks to compartmentalize the different steps of data analysis and help users obtain and parse data from the command line. We also develop a Docker container, comprised of Jupyter Notebooks, Python dependencies, and command line tools, and configure it into an easy-to-deploy package. The end result is an end-to-end product that simulates the use case of end users working in the cloud computing environment.

discoverability↗
NASA NTRS2019

MERRA-2 Data and Analytic Services at NASA GES DISC for Climate Extremes Study

NASA's climate reanalysis datasets from the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) contains numerous long-term atmosphere, land, and ocean data products from 1980-present. MERRA-2 datasets, such as precipitation, soil moisture, and temperature, have been used widely to study extreme events. The native archived MERRA-2 data files are day-file (hourly time interval) and month-file, containing up to 125 parameters in one file. Due to the large number of data files and volumes, it is challenging for users, especially the applications research community, to handle the original hourly data files for long time periods to analyze extreme events. In this presentation, we review MERRA-2 data for studies of extreme conditions, and demonstrate analytic services at the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). One of the current operational services, 'subsetter', allows users to download only specific data of interest, i.e. data selected by parameter, region, and time period. New services are under development that will provide more 'on-the-fly' statistical calculations when downloading data; improve efficiency when accessing long time-series data. We will provide additional "How-to" resources that include step-by-step instructions on data access and usage. We have tested restructuring of day-files in an optimized data cube, which has significantly improved system performance for accessing long time-series. Overall performance is associated with cube size and structure, data compression method, and how the data are accessed. The optimized data cube structure will enable better online analytic services for statistical analysis and extreme events mining. To demonstrate the service, we use an extreme drought associated with the anomalous 2016 monsoon over southern Asia. This prototype time-series service may be augmented in the cloud infrastructure in the future.

data access↗
NASA NTRS2019

NASA GES DISC's Customized Services for Climatology and Meteorology

At the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Service Center (DISC), we have archived and distributed more than 2,400 Earth science data products, from different missions or projects containing more than 100 M data files/granules with a total volume size nearly 2 PB that broadly serve user needs in science areas such as Atmospheric Composition, Water & Energy Cycles and Climate Variability. To date, GES DISC has developed many pertinent services to facilitate the usage of data products by our research communities, represented by approximately 24,000 registered users. We are facing the big data with increasingly archival volume and data types, moreover, we also encounter increasing users' demands and the demands are more diversified. It is still a challenge for us to better understand exactly what our users' needs are, even after developing more than 70 services, including well-known online tools such as Giovanni and MERRA subsetter. In this presentation, we will try to address how we can accommodate the users' needs from two applicational user communities, Air Quality and Wind Energy, from data or service discovery to guide them properly utilize the data and services to fit their needs.

customizable services for climate and meteorology↗
NASA NTRS2016

National Climate Assessment - Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS) Data and Services at NASA GES DISC

The National Climate Assessment-Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS) is an Integrated Terrestrial Water Analysis, and is one of NASAs contributions to the NCA of the United States. The NCA-LDAS has undergone extensive development, including multi-variate assimilation of remotely-sensed water states and anomalies as well as evaluation and verification studies, led by the Goddard Space Flight Centers Hydrological Sciences Laboratory (HSL). The resulting NCA-LDAS data have recently been released to the general public and include those from the Noah land-surface model (LSM) version 3.3 (Noah-3.3) and the Catchment LSM version Fortuna-2.5 (CLSM-F2.5). Standard LSM output variables including soil moistures temperatures, surface fluxes, snow cover depth, groundwater, and runoff are provided, as well as streamflow using a river routing system. The NCA-LDAS data are archived at and distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). The data can be accessed via HTTP, OPeNDAP, Mirador search and download, and NASA Earth data Search. To further facilitate access and use, the NCA-LDAS data are integrated into the NASA Giovanni, for quick visualization and analysis, and into the Data Rods system, for retrieval of time series of long time periods. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the NCA-LDAS data are, respectively, daily-averages and 0.125x0.125 degree, covering North America (25N 53N; 125W 67W) and the period January 1979 to December 2015. The data files are in self-describing, machine-independent, CF-compliant netCDF-4 format.

data assimiliation↗
NASA NTRS2011

Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Projects Data and Services at the GES DISC

NASA's Earth Science Program is dedicated to advancing Earth remote sensing and pioneering the scientific use of satellite measurements to improve human understanding of our home planet. Through the MEaSUREs Program, NASA is continuing its commitment to expand understanding of the Earth system using consistent data records. Emphasis is on linking together multiple data sources to form coherent time-series, and facilitating the use of extensive data in the development of comprehensive Earth system models. A primary focus of the MEaSUREs Program is the creation of Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). An ESDR is defined as a unified and coherent set of observations of a given parameter of the Earth system, which is optimized to meet specific requirements for addressing science questions. These records are critical for understanding Earth System processes; for the assessment of variability, long-term trends, and change in the Earth System; and for providing input and validation means to modeling efforts. Seven MEaSUREs projects will be archived and distributed through services at the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC).

Vollmer, Bruce E.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Data Preservation, Information Preservation, and Lifecyle of Information Management at NASA GES DISC

Data lifecycle management awareness is common today; planners are more likely to consider lifecycle issues at mission start. NASA remote sensing missions are typically subject to life cycle management plans of the Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), and NASA invests in these national centers for the long-term safeguarding and benefit of future generations. As stewards of older missions, it is incumbent upon us to ensure that a comprehensive enough set of information is being preserved to prevent the risk for information loss. This risk is greater when the original data experts have moved on or are no longer available. Preservation of items like documentation related to processing algorithms, pre-flight calibration data, or input-output configuration parameters used in product generation, are examples of digital artifacts that are sometimes not fully preserved. This is the grey area of information preservation; the importance of these items is not always clear and requires careful consideration. Missing important metadata about intermediate steps used to derive a product could lead to serious challenges in the reproducibility of results or conclusions. Organizations are rapidly recognizing that the focus of life-cycle preservation needs to be enlarged from the strict raw data to the more encompassing arena of information lifecycle management. By understanding what constitutes information, and the complexities involved, we are better equipped to deliver longer lasting value about the original data and derived knowledge (information) from them. The NASA Earth Science Data Preservation Content Specification is an attempt to define the content necessary for long-term preservation. It requires new lifecycle infrastructure approach along with content repositories to accommodate artifacts other than just raw data. The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) setup an open-source Preservation System capable of long-term archive of digital content to augment its raw data holding. This repository is being used for such missions as HIRDLS, UARS, TOMS, OMI, among others. We will provide a status of this implementation; report on challenges, lessons learned, and detail our plans for future evolution to include other missions and services.

data management↗
NASA NTRS2018

Serving NASA GES DISC Multi-Spatiotemporal Earth Science Data to the GIS community

NASA Earth Science (ES) data is essential to a wide range of GIS research and applications. However, for many GIS users, searching, accessing, using and analyzing NASA ES data can be of a great challenge- ranging from the sheer data volumes, types of science parameters, and to the complexity of data encoding formats. As one of the twelve NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) Data Centers, Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) archives and distributes petabytes of ES parameters covering atmosphere, land, and ocean fields. Most data are multidimensional and multi-spatiotemporal in nature and are encoded in different science data formats (e.g, HDF, HDF-EOS, netCDF, GRIB, binary), which usually contain multiple variables and different metadata information. By far, GES DISC has been developing a number of services and online tools to help GIS users to easily explore our data products. In this presentation, we will describe our ArcGIS-based data accessing and visualization services and portals, which allow users directly exploring the multi-spatiotemporal ES data in ArcGIS clients without having to pre-download/import the data. The ArcGIS services are also compliant with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Coverage Service (WCS) and Web Map Service (WMS) protocols and can be accessed by any other WCS/WMS clients to get customized GES DISC EO data on-the-fly from such services.

Wei, Jennifer↗
NASA NTRS2018

GPM, TRMM, and Other Global Precipitation Products and Services at NASA GES DISC

Precipitation is a key environmental variable. For example, in agriculture, precipitation, temperature, water (soil moisture), solar radiation, NDVI, etc., are key variables.Rainfed agriculture – major farming practices that rely on rainfall for water.Rainfed agriculture: >95% of farmed land (sub-Saharan Africa); 90% (Latin America); 75% (Near East and North Africa); 65% (East Asia); 60% (South Asia).Droughts and floods can cause severe crop loss. The Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC), one of 12 NASA data centers, is located in Greenbelt, Maryland, USA. The NASA GES DISC is a major data archive center for global precipitation, water & energy cycles, atmospheric composition, and climate variability.

Liu, Z.↗