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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Simultaneous Estimation of Electromechanical Modes and Forced Oscillations

Over the past several years, great strides have been made in the effort to monitor the small-signal stability of power systems. These efforts focus on estimating electromechanical modes, which are a property of the system that dictate how generators in different parts of the system exchange energy. Though the algorithms designed for this task are powerful and important for reliable operation of the power system, they are susceptible to severe bias when forced oscillations are present in the system. Forced oscillations are fundamentally different from electromechanical oscillations in that they are the result of a rogue input to the system, rather than a property of the system itself. To address the presence of forced oscillations, the frequently used AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) model is adapted to include sinusoidal inputs, resulting in the AutoRegressive Moving Average plus Sinusoid (ARMA+S) model. From this model, a new Two-Stage Least Squares algorithm is derived to incorporate the forced oscillations, thereby enabling the simultaneous estimation of the electromechanical modes and the amplitude and phase of the forced oscillations. The method is validated using simulated power system data as well as data obtained from the western North American power system (wNAPS) and Eastern Interconnection (EI).

Electromechanical modes↗
DOE OSTI2023

An Overview of Inverter-based Resource Interconnection Standards

For the past century, electric power systems have primarily been bulk power systems consisting of generation, transmission, and distribution networks. Now the rapid expansion of distributed renewable power sources (RESs) and the shift from large, conventional synchronous machine resources to smaller-sized resources with diverse generation characteristics become the most significant change in modern power systems. With the increasing penetration of RESs, which are inverter-based resources (IBRs), it is important to develop interconnection standards that define performance and capability criteria for these IBRs. This is necessary to ensure the stable and reliable operation of power systems. This report summarizes the standards for IBRs interconnection in North America.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Power Electronics Designs - Reliability and Prognostics (Keystone Project 1)

The primary deliverable for this project will be to construct a power electronics package utilizing an organic electrically insulating substrate material with a direct chip-to-chip interconnect technology and demonstrate superior thermal performance and greater reliability under thermal cycling, thermal aging, vibration, power cycling, and electrical high-potential evaluation over traditional packages.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Characterizing cyber tools for monitoring power grid systems: what information is available and who needs it?

Abstract—The power grid is a complex, interconnected system that requires the coordination of multiple entities ensure the reliability of the system. System operators must be aware of the impacts of various natural and man-made contingencies through telemetry from their control systems, and they must also be aware of the integrity and availability of the cyber assets on their systems. A team of researchers from PNNL and INL have conducted a series of observations and interviews at power utilities to identify what information needs to be available for both control room dispatchers and cyber security analysts to maintain situation awareness of cyber security to effectively monitor the cyber assets on utility control systems. The researchers interviewed and observed control room dispatchers and spoke with regional control system engineers and cyber security analysts to define the context in which such information would be used. The results of this work will inform the design of a tool that will enhance cyber situation awareness and help facilitate effective communication between the various roles and organizations with utility and other regional authorities during contingencies. Index Terms—

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2011

Frequency Instability Problems in North American Interconnections

Alternating current power transmission and distribution systems in the United States operate at a nominal (target) frequency of 60 Hz. Large deviations from this frequency can cause network instability, and even small deviations can adversely affect sensitive end-use devices. Frequency deviations commonly result from a mismatch between energy supply and demand on a power network. If supply is insufficient to meet demand, the system frequency will decrease; if supply exceeds demand, frequency will increase. Over 100 balancing authorities within four electrical interconnections in North America manage power flows so that frequency will remain stable.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Informative Background on the Interoperability Requirements in IEEE Std 1547-2018

The intent of this document is to support local authorities governing interconnection requirements in adopting the most current requirements for interconnecting distributed energy resources (DERs) to the electric distribution system, as specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces (IEEE Std 1547-2018 ). To create interconnection rules that successfully address policy goals, market trends, and technical requirements, electric service regulators need to be well informed of DER integration considerations. Interconnection processes and technical issues often overlap; the two are not easily segregated, and they are often considered and evaluated concurrently within the context of interconnection rulemaking. Accordingly, this document addresses both the technical issues and related process considerations.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2012

Growth Rates of Global Energy Systems and Future Outlooks

The world is interconnected and powered by a number of global energy systems using fossil, nuclear, or renewable energy. This study reviews historical time series of energy production and growth for various energy sources. It compiles a theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding the behaviour underlying global energy systems' growth. The most extreme growth rates are found in fossil fuels. The presence of scaling behaviour, i.e. proportionality between growth rate and size, is established. The findings are used to investigate the consistency of several long-range scenarios expecting rapid growth for future energy systems. The validity of such projections is questioned, based on past experience. Finally, it is found that even if new energy systems undergo a rapid 'oil boom'-development-i.e. they mimic the most extreme historical events-their contribution to global energy supply by 2050 will be marginal.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

2.1.3.404 - WEC Array Power Management and Output Simulation Tool

An array of wave energy converter (WEC) devices has variations in power output due to the chaotic nature of the waves. Eliminating or mitigating the power fluctuations is important for reducing the integration impacts of WEC plants in both distribution and transmission grids, and in standalone isolated power systems. Reduced variability of WEC-generated power in combination with energy storage or power management control at each WEC and at the array level will help increasing hosting capacity of distribution feeders for this type of variable renewable generation, and minimization of electric losses. To reduce risks and risk perception, gain key stakeholder acceptance, and enable developers to design effective and compatible energy plants with arrays of WEC devices, it requires the use of modeling tools to simulate the resource environment, device dynamics, utility power system response, as well as the development of an interface for an array controller. The project will create a publicly accessible numerical modeling framework to empower the wave energy sector to design projects of various scales (kW-100s MW), which are optimized on a plant performance basis and are compatible with different power systems and wave conditions. The framework will integrate with WEC-Sim, a wave environment model (SWAN-FUNWAVE), as well as established relevant electrical analysis tools, to model the grid system and interconnection, and optimize power output and power management for the WEC array.

POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION,TIDAL AND WAVE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Assessing Opportunities and Challenges for Streamlining Interconnection Processes

As part of the Minnesota Solar Pathways project, funded in part by the Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office, Electric Power Research Institute conducted a survey of existing utility interconnection practices and evaluated opportunities for streamlining them. The report highlights opportunities for electric utilities to improve transparency and automate administrative processes with options to fit the level of interconnections that utilities are experiencing.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Deep Learning-Based Adaptive Remedial Action Scheme with Security Margin for Renewable-Dominated Power Grids

The Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) is designed to take corrective actions after detecting predetermined conditions to maintain system transient stability in large interconnected power grids. However, since RAS is usually designed based on a few selected typical operating conditions, it is not optimal in operating conditions that are not considered in the offline design, especially under frequently and dramatically varying operating conditions due to the increasing integration of intermittent renewables. The deep learning-based RAS is proposed to enhance the adaptivity of RAS to varying operating conditions. During the training, a customized loss function is developed to penalize the negative loss and suggest corrective actions with a security margin to avoid triggering under-frequency and over-frequency relays. Simulation results of the reduced United States Western Interconnection system model demonstrate that the proposed deep learning–based RAS can provide optimal corrective actions for unseen operating conditions while maintaining a sufficient security margin.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Noise-Resilient Quantum Machine Learning for Stability Assessment of Power Systems

Transient stability assessment (TSA) is a cornerstone for resilient operations of todays interconnected power grids. This paper is a confluence of quantum computing, data science and machine learning to potentially address the power system TSA issue. Here, we devise a quantum TSA (QTSA) method to enable scalable and efficient data-driven transient stability prediction for bulk power systems, which is the first attempt to tackle the TSA issue with quantum computing. Our contributions are three-fold: 1) A high expressibility, low-depth (HELD) quantum circuit is designed for accurate and noise-resilient TSA; 2) A quantum natural gradient descent algorithm is developed for efficient HELD circuit training; 3) A systematical analysis on QTSAs performance under various quantum factors is per-formed. QTSA underpins a foundation of quantum-enabled and data-driven power grid stability analytics. It renders the intractable TSA straightforward and effortless in the Hilbert space, and therefore provides stability information for power system operations. Extensive experiments on quantum simulators and real quantum computers verify the accuracy, noise-resilience, scalability and universality of QTSA.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Guide to Updating Interconnection Rules and Incorporating IEEE Standard 1547

The intent of this paper is to support local authorities in adopting the most current technical requirements for interconnecting distributed energy resources (DERs) to the electric distribution system as specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces (IEEE Std 1547-2018). To create interconnection rules that successfully address policy goals, market trends, and technical requirements, state regulators need to be well informed of DER integration considerations. Interconnection processes and technical issues often overlap; the two are not easily segregated, and they are often considered and evaluated concurrently within the context of interconnection rulemaking. Accordingly, this paper addresses both the technical issues and related process considerations. A lack of uniform and transparent procedures for addressing interconnection rule changes can result in implementation issues or inefficiencies, such as unclear, lengthy, and complicated interconnection rules that can increase distributed generation "soft costs" (i.e., non-hardware costs). This can further delay the deployment of DERs and jeopardize time-constrained national and state policy goals, such as renewable energy targets, or limit participation in emerging techno-economic trends. Additionally, misconstructed interconnection rules are at risk of becoming mired in stakeholder conflicts. This guide addresses the concerns of electric service regulators from both the process and technical standpoints by presenting a structured, step-by-step approach to developing and updating existing interconnection rules. In this document, the process of developing and updating interconnection rules is subdivided into three steps: (1) determining the context (stakeholders and major drivers); (2) developing the rule, including updating technical requirements; and (3) maintaining and revising the rule over time.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

MN Solar Pathways: Assessing Opportunities and Challenges for Streamlining Interconnection Processes

As part of the Minnesota Solar Pathways project, funded in part by the Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office, Electric Power Research Institute conducted a survey of existing utility interconnection practices and evaluated opportunities for streamlining them. The report highlights opportunities for electric utilities to improve transparency and automate administrative processes with options to fit the level of interconnections that utilities are experiencing.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

A review of the potential impacts of climate change on bulk power system planning and operations in the United States

In this paper, climate change might impact various components of the bulk electric power system, including electricity demand; transmission; and thermal, hydropower, wind, and solar generators. Most research in this area quantifies impacts on one or a few components and does not link these impacts to effects on power system planning and operations. Here, we advance the understanding of how climate change might impact the bulk U.S. power system in three ways. First, we synthesize recent research to capture likely component-level impacts of climate change in the United States. Second, given the interconnected nature of the electric power system, we assess how aggregated component-level impacts might affect power system planning and operations. Third, we outline an agenda for future research on climate change impacts on power system planning and operations. Although component-level impacts vary in their magnitude, collectively they might significantly affect planning and operations. Most notably, increased demand plus reduced firm capacity across generation types might require systems to procure significant additional capacity to maintain planning reserve margins, and regional declines in renewable resources might need to be offset by increasing zero-carbon investment to meet decarbonization targets. Aggregated impacts might also affect operations, e.g., through shifts in dispatching and increased operational reserve requirements. Future research should aggregate component-level impacts at operational timescales, quantify impacts on wind and solar variability, and contextualize climate change impacts within ongoing shifts in the electric power system.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗