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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

On ’t Hooft defects, monopole bubbling and supersymmetric quantum mechanics

We revisit the localization computation of the expectation values of ’t Hooft operators in N = 2* SU(N) theory on R 3 × S 1 . We show that the part of the answer arising from “monopole bubbling” on R 3 can be understood as an equivariant integral over a Kronheimer-Nakajima moduli space of instantons on an orbifold of C 2 . It can also be described as a Witten index of a certain supersymmetric quiver quantum mechanics with N = (4, 4) supersymmetry. The map between the defect data and the quiver quantum mechanics is worked out for all values of N. For the SU(2) theory, we compute several examples of these line defect expectation values using the Witten index formula and confirm that the expressions agree with the formula derived by Okuda, Ito and Taki. In addition, we present a Type IIB construction — involving D1-D3-NS5-branes — for monopole bubbling in N = 2* SU(N) SYM and demonstrate how the quiver quantum mechanics arises in this brane picture.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Coulomb branch quantization and abelianized monopole bubbling

We develop an approach to the study of Coulomb branch operators in 3D N = 4 gauge theories and the associated quantization structure of their Coulomb branches. This structure is encoded in a one-dimensional TQFT subsector of the full 3D theory, which we describe by combining several techniques and ideas. The answer takes the form of an associative and noncommutative star product algebra on the Coulomb branch. For “good” and “ugly” theories (according to the Gaiotto-Witten classification), we also exhibit a trace map on this algebra, which allows for the computation of correlation functions and, in particular, guarantees that the star product satisfies a truncation condition. This work extends previous work on abelian theories to the non-abelian case by quantifying the monopole bubbling that describes screening of GNO boundary conditions. In our approach, monopole bubbling is determined from the algebraic consistency of the OPE. This also yields a physical proof of the Bullimore-Dimofte-Gaiotto abelianization description of the Coulomb branch.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Monopole bubbling via string theory

In this paper, we propose a string theory description of generic ’t Hooft defects in N=2 SU(N) supersymmetric gauge theories. We show that the space of supesrsymmetric ground states is given by the moduli space of singular monopoles and that in this setting, Kronheimer’s correspondence is realized as T-duality. We conjecture that this brane configuration can be used to study the full dynamics of monopole bubbling.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Investigation of the isoscalar monopole response in the proton-rich nucleus 14 O

Deuteron inelastic scattering on 14 O was measured in inverse kinematics using an active-target time projection chamber and a magnetic spectrograph. The experimental technique enabled precise measurements of deuteron recoiling particles in coincidence with beam-like fragments detected in the spectrograph focal plane. The double differential cross section was reconstructed for scattering angles of 3–6 degrees and excitation energies up to 26 MeV. The monopole strength distribution was obtained from the data using a multipole decomposition analysis. The results were compared to quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) and generator coordinate method (GCM) calculations. The QRPA calculation accurately describes experimental data in the energy range of 13 to 26 MeV. GCM calculations assuming a 12 C (g . s .) + p + p cluster configuration were used to determine the 0 + strength in 14 O below 13 MeV. The monopole transition strength of these cluster states provides a good description of the experimental distribution in the 9–11 MeV region, while the 0$^{+}_{2}$ state accounts for only a small fraction of the experimental strength around 6 MeV.

Active target↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ultra-sharp plasmonic resonances from monopole optical nanoantenna phased arrays

Diffractively coupled plasmonic resonances possess both ultra-sharp linewidths and giant electric field enhancement around plasmonic nanostructures. They can be applied to create a new generation of sensors, detectors, and nano-optical devices. However, all current designs require stringent index-matching at the resonance condition that limits their applicability. Here, we propose and demonstrate that it is possible to relieve the index-matching requirement and to induce ultra-sharp plasmon resonances in an ordered vertically aligned optical nano-antenna phased array by transforming a dipole resonance to a monopole resonance with a mirror plane. Due to the mirror image effect, the monopole resonance not only retained the dipole features but also enhanced them. The engineered resonances strongly suppressed the radiative decay channel, resulting in a four-order of magnitude enhancement in local electric field and a Q-factor greater than 200.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic phase transitions and monopole excitations in spin ice under uniaxial pressure: A Monte Carlo simulation

In this work, we explore the spin ice model under uniaxial pressure using the Monte Carlo simulation method. For the known spin ices, the interaction correction (δ) introduced by the uniaxial pressure varies in quite a wide range from positive to negative. When δ is positive, the ground state characterized by the ferromagnetic spin chains is quite unstable, and in real materials it serves as intermediate state connecting the ice state and the long range ordered dipolar spin ice ground state. In the case of negative δ, the system relaxes from highly degenerate ice state to ordered ferromagnetic state via a first order phase transition. Furthermore, the domain walls in such ferromagnetic state are the hotbed of the excitations of magnetic monopoles, thus indicating that the uniaxial pressure can greatly increase the monopole density.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Phases of Theories with ℤ 𝑁 1-Form Symmetry, and the Roles of Center Vortices and Magnetic Monopoles

We analyze the phases of theories having a microscopic ℤ 𝑁 1-form symmetry, starting with a topological BF theory and deforming it so that only the microscopic symmetry is preserved. These theories have a well-defined notion of confinement, prototypical examples being pure SU⁡(𝑁) and ℤ 𝑁 gauge theories in the continuum and on the lattice. Our analysis shows that the generic phases are in 𝑑 = 2, only the confined phase; in 𝑑 = 3, both the confined phase and the topological BF phase; and in 𝑑 = 4, the confined phase, the topological BF phase, and a Coulomb phase. We construct a ℤ𝑁 lattice gauge theory with a deformation that, surprisingly, produces up to (𝑁−1) photons. We give an interpretation of these findings in terms of the behaviors of two competing drivers of confinement—magnetic monopoles and center vortices—and conclude that proliferation of center vortices is necessary but insufficient for confinement, while proliferation of magnetic monopoles is both necessary and sufficient.

Color confinement↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic Monopoles and Dark Matter

Schwinger’s idea about the magnetic world of the early Universe, in which magnetic charges (monopoles) and magnetic atoms (g{sup +}g{sup –}) could be formed, is developed. In the present-day Universe magnetic charges with energies in the GeV range can be formed in the magnetospheres of young pulsars in superstrong magnetic fields. Spectroscopic features of magnetic atoms and possibilities for their observations are discussed. Relic magnetic atoms can contribute up to 18% to the dark matter density. The gamma-ray excess at our Galactic center could arise under two-photon annihilation of magnetic charges as a cooperative effect from neutron stars. A sharp physical difference of Schwinger’s magnetic world from Dirac’s present-day electric world is pointed out. Artificial magnetic monopoles are also mentioned briefly.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Topological monopole's gauge field‐induced anomalous Hall effect in artificial honeycomb lattice

Abstract Vortex magnetic structure in artificial honeycomb lattice provides a unique platform to explore emergent properties due to the additional Berry phase curvature imparted by chiral magnetization to circulating electrons via direct interaction. We argue that while the perpendicularly aligned magnetic component leads to the quantized flux of monopole at the center of the Berry sphere, the in‐plane vortex circulation of magnetization gives rise to unexpected nontrivial topological Berry phase due to the gauge field transformation. The unprecedented effect signifies the importance of vector potential in multiply connected geometrical systems. Experimental confirmations to proposed hypotheses are obtained from Hall resistance measurements on permalloy honeycomb lattice. Investigation of the topological gauge transformation due to the in‐plane chirality reveals anomalous quasi‐oscillatory behavior in Hall resistance as a function of perpendicular field. The oscillatory nature of is owed to the fluctuation in equilibrium current as a function of Fermi wave‐vector , envisaged under the proposed new formulation in this article. Our synergistic approach suggests that artificially tunable nanostructured material provides new vista to the exploration of topological phenomena of strong fundamental importance. Key Points Demonstration of gauge field flux due to vortex magnetism. Anomalous Hall effect in magnetic honeycomb lattice. Topological monopole‐induced magnetic flux.

Guo, Jiasen↗
DOE OSTI2021

Primordial monopoles and strings, inflation, and gravity waves

We consider magnetic monopoles and strings that appear in non-supersymmetric SO(10) and E 6 grand unified models paying attention to gauge coupling unification and proton decay in a variety of symmetry breaking schemes. The dimensionless string tension parameter Gμ spans the range 10 –6 – 10 –30 , where G is Newton’s constant and μ is the string tension. We show how intermediate scale monopoles with mass ~ 10 13 – 10 14 GeV and flux ≲ 2.8 × 10 –16 cm –2 s –1 sr –1 , and cosmic strings with Gμ ~ 10 –11 – 10 –10 survive inflation and are present in the universe at an observable level. We estimate the gravity wave spectrum emitted from cosmic strings taking into account inflation driven by a Coleman-Weinberg potential. The tensor-to-scalar ratio r lies between 0.06 and 0.003 depending on the details of the inflationary scenario.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Twistorial monopoles & chiral algebras

We initiate the study of how the insertion of magnetically charged states in 4d self-dual gauge theories impacts the 2d chiral algebras supported on the celestial sphere at asymptotic null infinity, from the point of view of the 4d/2d twistorial correspondence introduced by Costello and the second author. By reducing the 6d twistorial theory to a 3d holomorphic-topological theory with suitable boundary conditions, we can motivate certain non-perturbative enhancements of the celestial chiral algebra corresponding to extensions by modules arising from 3d boundary monopole operators. We also identify the insertion of 4d (non-abelian) monopoles with families of spectral flow automorphisms of the celestial chiral algebra.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Revisiting the multi-monopole point of SU( N ) $\mathcal{N}$ = 2 gauge theory in four dimensions

Motivated by applications to soft supersymmetry breaking, we revisit the expansion of the Seiberg-Witten solution around the multi-monopole point on the Coulomb branch of pure SU(N) $\mathcal{N}$ = 2 gauge theory in four dimensions. At this point N - 1 mutually local magnetic monopoles become massless simultaneously, and in a suitable duality frame the gauge couplings logarithmically run to zero. We explicitly calculate the leading threshold corrections to this logarithmic running from the Seiberg-Witten solution by adapting a method previously introduced by D’Hoker and Phong. We compare our computation to existing results in the literature; this includes results specific to SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories, the large-N results of Douglas and Shenker, as well as results obtained by appealing to integrable systems or topological strings. We find broad agreement, while also clarifying some lingering inconsistencies. Finally, we explicitly extend the results of Douglas and Shenker to finite N, finding exact agreement with our first calculation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Non-Abelian monopole in the parameter space of point-like interactions

We study non-Abelian geometric phase in N=2 supersymmetric quantum mechanics for a free particle on a circle with two point-like interactions at antipodal points. We show that non-Abelian Berry’s connection is that of SU(2) magnetic monopole discovered by Moody, Shapere and Wilczek in the context of adiabatic decoupling limit of diatomic molecule. - Highlights: • Supersymmetric quantum mechanics is an ideal playground for studying geometric phase. • We determine the parameter space of supersymmetric point-like interactions. • Berry’s connection is given by a Wu–Yang-like magnetic monopole in SU(2) Yang–Mills.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Investigation of the monopole magneto-chemical potential in spin ices using capacitive torque magnetometry

The single-ion anisotropy and magnetic interactions in spin-ice systems give rise to unusual non-collinear spin textures, such as Pauling states and magnetic monopoles. The effective spin correlation strength (J eff ) determines the relative energies of the different spin-ice states. With this work, we display the capability of capacitive torque magnetometry in characterizing the magneto-chemical potential associated with monopole formation. We build a magnetic phase diagram of Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 , and show that the magneto-chemical potential depends on the spin sublattice (α or β), i.e., the Pauling state, involved in the transition. Monte Carlo simulations using the dipolar-spin-ice Hamiltonian support our findings of a sublattice-dependent magneto-chemical potential, but the model underestimates the J eff for the β-sublattice. Additional simulations, including next-nearest neighbor interactions (J 2 ), show that long-range exchange terms in the Hamiltonian are needed to describe the measurements. This demonstrates that torque magnetometry provides a sensitive test for J eff and the spin-spin interactions that contribute to it.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Measuring the cosmological 21 cm monopole with an interferometer

A measurement of the cosmological 21 cm signal remains a promising but as-of-yet unattained ambition of radio astronomy. A positive detection would provide direct observations of key unexplored epochs of our cosmic history, including the cosmic dark ages and reionization. In this paper, we concentrate on measurements of the spatial monopole of the 21 cm brightness temperature as a function of redshift (the “global signal”). Most global experiments to date have been single-element experiments. In this paper, we show how an interferometer can be designed to be sensitive to the monopole mode of the sky, thus providing an alternate approach to accessing the global signature. We provide simple rules of thumb for designing a global signal interferometer and use numerical simulations to show that a modest array of tightly packed antenna elements with moderately sized primary beams (FWHM of ∼40{sup ∘}) can compete with typical single-element experiments in their ability to constrain phenomenological parameters pertaining to reionization and the pre-reionization era. We also provide a general data analysis framework for extracting the global signal from interferometric measurements (with analysis of single-element experiments arising as a special case) and discuss trade-offs with various data analysis choices. Given that interferometric measurements are able to avoid a number of systematics inherent in single-element experiments, our results suggest that interferometry ought to be explored as a complementary way to probe the global signal.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Ab initio calculations of monopole sum rules: From finite nuclei to infinite nuclear matter

We compute moments of the isoscalar monopole response of 𝑁 = 𝑍 closed-shell nuclei based on chiral nucleon-nucleon plus three-nucleon interactions. We employ the random-phase approximation (RPA) and two ab initio many-body approaches, the in-medium similarity renormalization group (IMSRG) and coupled-cluster theory (CC). In the IMSRG framework, the moments are obtained as ground-state expectation values, whereas in the CC approach, they are evaluated through excited-state calculations. We find good agreement between the IMSRG and CC results across all nuclei studied. RPA provides a reasonable approximation to the correlated methods if the interaction is soft. From the calculated moments, we extract average energies of the monopole response, compute finite-nucleus incompressibilities, and estimate the incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter by a fit to a leptodermous expansion. Our extrapolated values are lower than those obtained in nuclear-matter calculations with the same interactions, but the values are consistent with phenomenological ranges.

Bonaiti, Francesca [Michigan State Univ., East Lan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Topological orders of monopoles and hedgehogs: From electronic and magnetic spin-orbit coupling to quarks

Topological states of matter are, generally, quantum liquids of conserved topological defects. We establish this by constructing and analyzing topological field theories which introduce gauge fields to describe the dynamics of singularities in the original field configurations. In this work, homotopy groups are utilized to identify topologically protected singularities, and the conservation of their protected number is captured by a topological action term that unambiguously obtains from the given set of symmetries. Stable phases of these theories include quantum liquids with emergent massless Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields, as well as topological orders with long-range quantum entanglement, fractional excitations, boundary modes, and unconventional responses to external perturbations. This paper focuses on the derivation of topological field theories and basic phenomenological characterization of topological orders associated with homotopy groups π n (S n ), n ≥ 1 . These homotopies govern monopole and hedgehog topological defects in d = n + 1 dimensions, and enable the generalization of both weakly interacting and fractional quantum Hall liquids of vortices to d > 2 . Hedgehogs have not been in the spotlight so far, but they are particularly important defects of magnetic moments because they can be stimulated in realistic systems with spin-orbit coupling, such as chiral magnets and d = 3 topological materials. We predict topological orders in systems with U(1) × Spin(d) symmetry in which fractional electric charge attaches to hedgehogs. Monopoles, the analogous defects of charge or generic U(1) currents, may bind to hedgehogs via Zeeman effect, or effectively emerge in purely magnetic systems. The latter can lead to spin liquids with different topological orders than that of the resonant valence bond spin liquid. Charge fractionalization of quarks in atomic nuclei is also seen as possibly arising from the charge-hedgehog attachment.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Contribution of chiral three-body forces to the monopole component of the effective shell-model Hamiltonian

We present a study of the role played by realistic three-body forces in providing a reliable monopole component of the effective shell-model Hamiltonian. To this end, starting from a nuclear potential built up within the chiral perturbation theory, we derive effective shell-model Hamiltonians with and without the contribution of the three-body potential and compare the results of shell-model calculations with a set of observables that evidence shell-evolution properties. The testing ground of our investigation is nuclei belonging to the fp shell, since the shell-evolution towards shell closures in 48 Ca and 56 Ni provides a paradigm for shell-model Hamiltonians. Furthermore, our analysis shows that only by including contributions of the three-body force is the monopole component of the effective shell-model Hamiltonian then able to reproduce the experimental shell evolution towards and beyond the closure at N = 28.

39 ≤ A ≤ 58↗