Lunar crater distribution from the Ranger 7 photographs.
Lunar crater distribution measurement from Ranger VII photographic data analysis, deriving approximate expression for secondary distribution
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Lunar crater distribution measurement from Ranger VII photographic data analysis, deriving approximate expression for secondary distribution
Hypervelocity projectile impact cratering from Ranger photographs of lunar surface
Shutters, lenses, vidicons, data rates and calibration techniques for TV cameras of Rangers VI, VII, VIII and IX
Tables of computer generated photographic parameters necessary for detailed interpretation of Ranger VII television camera pictures - trajectory and time-to-impact data
Tables of computer program generated photographic interpretation of selected Ranger VIII TELEVISION camera pictures
Error correction in lunar slope angles and surface roughness of Ranger photographs
Mission planning, launch operations, and performance of Ranger VI lunar probe and Atlas Agena launch vehicle - TV subsystem failure
Radio-tracking data from Ranger lunar missions for estimated physical constants of earth and moon
Performance evaluation of Ranger VIII Flight Model III-3 television subsystem
Flight evaluation on Model III /RA-6/ of Ranger television subsystem - failure analysis
Ranger and Mariner spacecraft temperature control design, test and flight results
Estimated GM values of earth and moon, tracking station locations and lunar radii at impact points, from DSIF radio tracking data of Ranger Block III lunar flights
Morphology of lunar craters from Ranger photographs, noting distribution and possible competing processes of crater formation and destruction
High volume data processing techniques applied to Ranger acoustic testing
Estimated GM values of earth and moon, tracking station locations and lunar radii at impact points, from DSIF radio tracking data of Ranger Block III lunar flights
Investigations were made to determine the cowling and cooling characteristics of the Ranger V-770-8 engine installation in an observation seaplane. Final cowl configurations possessed ample engine and oil-cooler pressure drops for cooling in the critical normal-power climb condition with any of the three baffle configurations tested. The indicated critical Mach number of the cowling was found to be 0.70 as determined by the pressure on the lower lip of the inlet.
The Engineered Barrier System (EBS) plays an important role in ensuring the long-term safety and containment of high-level waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in deep geological repositories in salt formation. As part of a multi-barrier system, the EBS works alongside the natural barrier, which is the salt formation itself and the technical barrier comprising the disposal casks. The primary function of the EBS is to maintain containment during a defined period until the backfill used in the repository made of crushed salt, develops its sealing capacity through compaction. Over the time, the backfill eventually compacts to a state of low porosity and permeability, acting as a long-term seal. However, until this process is complete, the EBS must retain its structural and functional integrity. Regulatory guidelines in Germany currently require the EBS to remain effective for up to next ice age, that is expected in 50,000 years. The significant hydro-geological and topographic changes expected during an ice age could make it impossible to accurately predict the hydro-chemical conditions within the repository system at that time. In response to these challenges, BGE TECHNOLOGY GmbH (BGE TEC) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have jointly developed a comprehensive methodology for the design and safety assessment of engineered barrier systems within the scope of the RANGERS project. This methodology is tailored for repositories in salt formations. The developed methodology provides a structured approach for designing and assessing the performance of the EBS in salt-based repositories. It begins with defining a sealing concept based on the geological characteristics of the selected site and the overall repository design. The entire repository system, comprising the geological site, repository infrastructure, and EBS, is then subjected to a Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) analysis, focusing solely on those FEPs that affect the EBS. The derived FEPs help identify the loads and stresses acting on the EBS, which serve as the foundation for conducting an integrity assessment. This analysis helps predict the EBS’s evolution and performance over the regulatory time frame, feeding into integrated performance assessment simulations.
Salt formations are one of the potential host rocks for the final disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in deep geological repositories, both in Germany and the United States. The safe isolation of radioactive waste in these repositories relies on a multi-barrier system, combining engineered and natural barriers. The natural barrier is provided by the salt rock itself, known for its self-sealing properties and long-term stability. The engineered barrier, on the other hand, comprises sealing components strategically placed within the repository to enhance its containment capabilities. In both Germany and the United States, long-term safety assessments require demonstrating the integrity of the natural barrier for a period of up to 1 million years. Concurrently, the engineered barrier system (EBS) must maintain its structural and functional integrity until the long-term sealing, such as the granular salt backfill material, has re-consolidated to its final low porosity and permeability. Based on extensive expertise and experience with engineered barriers in salt formations, BGE TECHNOLOGY GmbH and Sandia National Laboratories have partnered to develop a robust methodology for the integrity and performance assessment of EBS in HLW repositories through the RANGERS project. This collaborative effort aims to establish a unified approach to geotechnical engineering, repository design, integrity and performance evaluation of EBS in salt repositories.