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Results for “SODIUM IODIDE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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100 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

Superconductivity theory applied to the periodic table of the elements

The modern theory of superconductivity, based upon the BCS to Bose-Einstein transition is applied to the periodic table of the elements, in order to isolate the essential features of of high temperature superconductivity and to predict its occurrence with the periodic table. It is predicted that Sodium-Ammonia, Sodium Zinc Phosphide and Bismuth (I) Iodide are promising materials for experimental explorations of high temperature superconductivity.

Elifritz, Thomas Lee↗
DOE OSTI2021

Hemicellulose and starch citrate chitosan foam adsorbents for removal of arsenic and other heavy metals from contaminated water

Arsenic and other heavy metal contaminants in water are a significant global health threat. In this study, low-cost, sulfur-free, sustainable, water-insoluble materials with heavy metal remediation properties were produced from renewable resources such as starch, xylan, citric acid, and chitosan. Synthesized starch citrate-chitosan (SCC) foam and xylan citrate-chitosan (XCC) foam were flexible, porous, and elastic. The foams’ arsenic uptake in water was significantly greater than five different commercial metal remediating agents. The mercury and lead uptakes with the synthesized foams were similar to the performance of a commercial sulfur-based product, SorbaTech 450 (ST450). However, the cadmium and selenium uptakes were comparatively lower. The complexation of arsenic with oxygen and nitrogen of the SCC foam was shown with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The XCC foam was also shown to adsorb potassium iodide (KI) at a similar rate to sodium chloride. This may be used to remediate water contaminated with radioactive materials, such as iodine 131.

Materials Science↗
NASA NTRS1991

Modification of yield and chlorophyll content in leaf lettuce by HPS radiation and nitrogen treatments

The potential of realizing high photosynthetic photon flux from radiation by high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp, alone or in combination with metal halide (MH) plus quartz iodide (QI) incandescent lamps, to support lettuce grow, with or without nitrogen supplement, was investigated. It was found that varying exposures to radiation from combined HPS, MH, and QI lamps influenced dry weight gain and photosynthetic pigment content of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings.

Mitchell, Cary A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Iodide uptake by forest soils is principally related to the activity of extracellular oxidases

129 I is a nuclear fission decay product of concern because of its long half-life (16 Ma) and propensity to bioaccumulate. Microorganisms impact iodine mobility in soil systems by promoting iodination (covalent binding) of soil organic matter through processes that are not fully understood. Here, we examined iodide uptake by soils collected at two depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) from 5 deciduous and coniferous forests in Japan and the United States. Autoclaved soils, and soils amended with an enzyme inhibitor (sodium azide) or an antibacterial agent (bronopol), bound significantly less 125 I tracer (93%, 81%, 61% decrease, respectively) than the untreated control soils, confirming a microbial role in soil iodide uptake. Correlation analyses identified the strongest significant correlation between 125 I uptake and three explanatory variables, actinobacteria soil biomass ( p = 6.04E-04, 1.35E-02 for Kendall-Tau and regression analysis, respectively), soil nitrogen content ( p = 4.86E-04, 4.24E-03), and soil oxidase enzyme activity at pH 7.0 using the substrate L-DOPA ( p = 2.83E-03, 4.33E-04) and at pH 5.5 using the ABTS ( p = 5.09E-03, 3.14E-03). Together, the results suggest that extracellular oxidases, primarily of bacterial origin, are the primary catalyst for soil iodination in aerobic, surface soils of deciduous and coniferous forests, and that soil N content may be indicative of the availability of binding sites for reactive iodine species.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1973

An unidentified absorption in the spectra of C-S stars

An absorption feature in the low-dispersion red spectrograms of carbon Mira variables and C-S stars shown to exhibit strikingly different behavior in these similarly appearing carbon and carbonlike stars. Evidence is presented that in the carbon Miras the feature may be due to unresolved bandheads of the (0,0) system of calcium iodide. In this group of stars the feature exhibits a temperature sensitivity similar to absorptions due to calcium chloride and to the neutral sodium doublet. No identification is suggested for the feature appearing among the C-S stars, though there is evidence against it being composed partially of a zero-volt line of neutral scandium.

Rybski, P. M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dendrite inhibiting electrolytes for metal-based batteries

A metal-based battery includes at least one metal electrode immersed within an electrolyte that includes: (1) an aprotic solvent; (2) a simple halogen containing material; and (3) optionally a metal salt that includes a complex halogen containing anion. The simple halogen containing material may include a metal halide salt that includes a metal cation selected from the group including but not limited to lithium and sodium metal cations. The metal halide salt may also include a halide anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide halide anions. The use of the metal halide salt within the metal-based battery provides enhanced cycling ability within the metal-based battery. Also contemplated are additional simple halogen containing material additives that may enhance cycling performance of a metal-based battery.

Archer, Lynden A.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Performance of CsI:Tl Cyrstal with a Spectrum Matching Photomultiplier Tube

This report documents an effort to improve the energy resolution for a thallium doped cesium iodide (CsI:T1) scintillator paired with a spectrum matching photomultiplier tube (PMT). A comparison of the differences in the pulse height spectra from thallium doped (CsI:T1) and sodium doped (CsI:Na) single crystals with PMTs of different spectrum responses was performed. Results show that energy resolution of the detector only improves 0.5% at room temperature when these scintillators are coupled with a spectrum matching PMT. Based on a spectrum matching PMT, the best results for energy resolution are 7.39% and 7.88% for CsI:T1 and CsI:Na scintillators, respectively. The improvement is primarily attributed to the increase of photon statistics from the increase of photons (N) being detected in the spectrum matching PMT. Other factors, such as optical quantum yield and non-proportionality of the CsI:T1 and CsI:Na crystals, that can affect the energy resolution were also studied and reported. The results indicate that although the use of a spectrum matching PMT enhances the photon statistics, it also exacerbates the nonproportionality response. Consequently, a promised improvement on energy resolution due solely to photon statistics was not fully realized.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1973

Characteristics of cesium iodide for use as a particle discriminator for high energy cosmic rays

The possible use of CsI to discriminate between high energy cosmic ray electrons and interacting protons has been investigated. The pulse-shape properties as a function of ionization density, temperature, and spectral response are presented for thallium-activated CsI and as a function of ionization density for sodium-activated CsI. The results are based on previously published data and on corroborative measurements from the present work. Experimental results on the response of CsI to electron-induced electromagnetic cascades and to interacting hadrons are described. Bibliographies of publications dealing with the properties of CsI and with pulse-shape discrimination techniques are presented.

Crannell, C. J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spectroscopic features of dissolved iodine in pristine and gamma-irradiated nitric acid solutions

While iodine speciation is important for a wide range of nuclear activities, understanding the mechanisms of the transformations of iodine between chemical forms and the sensitivity of these transitions to solution conditions and exposure to radiation remains an active area of research. This work curates spectroscopic data from several experimental techniques and establishes their sensitivity and limitations in detecting changes in iodine speciation in both neutral and acidic regimes. The techniques include Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 127 I NMR spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Analysis of these data indicates that these commonly accessible spectroscopies often have dynamic ranges of measurable concentrations that do not always overlap between all techniques. The experimental techniques are disparately sensitive to iodide (I - ), molecular iodine (I 2 ), iodate (IO 3 - ), and periodate (IO 4 - ) species. Raman, FTIR, and NMR spectra were subsequentially analyzed using two-dimensional correlation analyses to generate high-resolution autocorrelation spectra. Here, the use of these spectroscopies is then extended to tracking acidification-induced and gamma irradiation-induced transformations of dissolved sodium iodate in deionized water and concentrated nitric acid. Both dissolution into nitric acid and irradiation with a gamma source are demonstrated to perturb the iodine speciation promoting their assembly into molecular iodine (I 2 ) and/or triiodide (I 3 - ). While I 2 and I 3 - species are undetectable with FTIR spectroscopy and 127 I NMR spectroscopy, the species can be detected with UV-Vis spectroscopy, and in some instances, I 3 - can be detected with Raman spectroscopy in the low wavenumber region. Ultimately, the results of this work provide a path to designing optimal combinations of techniques to detect forms of iodine across a wide range of concentrations and conditions.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗