Study of proton radiation effects on solar vehicle electronic system
Radiation effects on electronic equipment of solar spacecraft - shielding requirements
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Radiation effects on electronic equipment of solar spacecraft - shielding requirements
Electronic equipment testing of UK-2/S-52 SPACECRAFT under thermal vacuum exposure
Simple circuits prevent application of incorrectly polarized or excessive voltages. Connected temporarily or permanently at power-connecting terminals. Devised to protect electrical and electronic equipment installed in spacecraft and subjected to variety of tests in different facilities prior to installation. Basic concept of protective circuits also applied easily to many kinds of electrical and electronic equipment that must be protected against incorrect power connections.
Polymeric materials on space vehicles and high-altitude aircraft win be exposed to highly penetrating radiations. These radiations come from solar flares and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Radiation from solar flares consists primarily of protons with energies less than 1 GeV. On the other hand, GCR consist of nuclei with energies as high as 10(exp 10) GeV. Over 90% of the nuclei in GCR are protons and alpha particles, however there is a small but significant component of particles with atomic numbers greater than ten. Particles with high atomic number (Z) and high energy interact with very high specific ionization and thus represent a serious hazard for humans and electronic equipment on a spacecraft or on high-altitude commercial aircraft (most importantly for crew members who would have long exposures). Neutrons generated by reactions with the high energy particles also represent a hazard both for humans and electronic equipment.
The requirements for nonflammable potting compounds for use in spacecraft electric and electronic equipment are discussed. The development of a suitable nonflammable compound is described. Flammability testing and acceptance criteria for Apollo spacecraft are presented. The dielectric properties of various ceramic materials used as conformal coatings are examined.
Gemini electronic system considering guidance and control, communication and instrumentation equipment for maximum utilization of crew
Electronic checkout, environmental qualification and integration of OGO by spacecraft simulator and performance analysis system
This paper describes the prelaunch and post-launch reliability functions which contributed to the success of the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Examples are included to illustrate how each reliability activity was a vital part of each phase of the project. Prelaunch reliability functions included: (1) establishing, negotiating, and monitoring system and subsystem requirements, (2) participating in spacecraft system and subsystem design/hardware reviews, (3) monitoring preparation of failure mode effects and criticality analyses (FMECA), (4) establishing and managing a problem failure reporting (PFR) system for the spacecraft and its support equipment, (5) monitoring electronic parts activities, and (6) participating in spacecraft reviews. Particular emphasis is placed on mission operations reliability assurance activities, which included: (1) spacecraft problem/failure reporting, (2) managing an integrating failure reporting system which covered all mission operations activities, (3) real-time analysis of spacecraft anomalies, and (4) risk assessment.
Characterization of electrodes in nickel-cadmium spacecraft batteries prior to and after cyclic testing
A gas-controlled variable-conductance heat pipe was qualified for flight aboard orbiting astronomical observatory (OAO3). Experiments were conducted to determine the performance and reliability of the pipe in the vacuum environment of space, and to demonstrate in a specific engineering application its effectiveness in providing temperature stability for spacecraft equipment which experiences varying electronic duty cycles and changing thermal boundary conditions. System design and hardware are discussed in detail.
Handbook presents information on three kinds of disruptive effects of environmental electrical charges upon operations of electronic circuits and other sensitive equipment in spacecraft. Addresses surface and internal charging and discharging, single-event upsets, and related design issues.
Wire-connected electronic module as standard configuration for operational tests of spacecraft components
This bibliography lists 149 references with abstracts and 47 patents dealing with applications of heat pipe technology. Topics covered include: heat exchangers for heat recovery; electrical and electronic equipment cooling; temperature control of spacecraft; cryosurgery; cryogenic, cooling; nuclear reactor heat transfer; solar collectors; laser mirror cooling; laser vapor cavitites; cooling of permafrost; snow melting; thermal diodes variable conductance; artery gas venting; and venting; and gravity assisted pipes.
The manufacture of high reliability electronics assemblies for spacecraft and ground support equipment still often involves manual assembly processes. In addition, rework and repair of critical assemblies aslo often entails manual assembly processes.
Optical and electronics systems for Apollo spacecraft carbon dioxide sensor
New apparatus for depositing thin film electrical components and related microcircuitry
Development of electronic visual instrumentation for spacecraft applications
This paper reviews the progress made in deep space communication from its beginnings until now, describes the development and applications of NASA's Deep Space Network, and indicates directions for the future. Limiting factors in deep space communication are examined using the upcoming Voyager encounter with Uranus, centered on the downlink telemetry from spacecraft to earth, as an example. A link calculation for Voyager at Uranus over Australia is exhibited. Seven basic deep space communication functions are discussed, and technical aspects of spacecraft communication equipment, ground antennas, and ground electronics and processing are considered.