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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Levels in Ground Based Studies

Baseline values of immunoreactive ACTH were established in the normal healthy adult. Normal levels of ACTH secretion were determined for both the male and the female in circulating plasma and serum. The data obtained in these studies are particularly significant in that the sampling was carefully controlled; only healthy employed individuals of both sexes were tested in a routine work situation that would not be considered conducive to stress. It has been found that alterations in the classically described circadian rhythm of ACTH secretion can occur when activities (such as work/rest cycles) are imposed on the individual studied. These changes can be demonstrated even when there is no appreciable change noted in the rhythm of hydrocortisone secretion.

Campbell, B. O.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Control mechanisms in physiological rhythms

A search was made for the factors involved in regulating rhythmic body functions. The basic premise was that at a particular point in time, any cell can normally act in one of two ways. It can either be engaged in dividing or carrying out its particular function. Experimental results indicate rhythmic functions are controlled by a lighting regime and that an inverse correlation exists between rhythms of cell division and cell function. Data also show rhythms are a function of animal sex and environment.

Mizell, S.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Estimation of the passing of four consecutive hours.

In the AM and PM (9 to 1) males and females gave estimates of the hourly passing of time for 4 hr. There were no differences between sexes or AM/PM estimates. The group was less than 1 min off after an hour and 12 min off after 4 hr. There was a wide range of individual differences. One-fourth of the subjects were within an error of 10 min after 4 hr whereas another one-fourth were off more than 50 min. The accuracy of estimates was about equal to accuracy of awakening from sleep to randomly chosen awakening times.

Webb, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Gravity as a factor in the animal environment.

Review of current knowledge, research, and research planning on the influence of gravity upon living organisms. Discussed factors affecting the adaptability of animals to increased acceleration fields include age, sex, posture, and body size. Affected functions and aspects reviewed cover growth and mature body size, body composition, maintenance feed requirements, and feed utilization efficiency. It is expected that research involving the exposure of animals to altered gravity states will lead to new biological concepts of very broad importance.

Smith, A. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The astronaut of 1988

Past space exploration history is reviewed for a projection of requirements in astronaut training and selection in 1988. The categories of talent required for those space missions are listed as test pilots and operational pilots for the test phase of programs; flight engineers and mechanics for Space Shuttle and Space Stations; medical doctors as experimentators and crew members; medical technicians and nurses for support medical service; veterinarians and veterinary technicians; physisits, chemists and geologists; and military men and administrators. Multinational crews and participation of both sexes are anticipated.

Slayton, D. K.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Comparisons of population subgroups performance on a keyboard psychomotor task

Response time and pass/fail data were obtained from 163 subjects performing a psychomotor task. The basic task comprised a random five digit number briefly displayed to the subject at the start of each trail, and the keyboard on which the subject was to enter the number as fast as he could accurately do so after the display was extinguished. Some tests were run with the addition of a secondary task which required the subject to respond to a displayed light appearing at a random time. Matched pairs of subjects were selected from the group to analyze the effects of age, sex, intelligence, prior keyboard skill, and drinking habits. There was little or no effect due to age or drinking habits. Differences in response time were: average IQ subjects faster than low IQ subjects by 0.5 to 0.6 sec; subjects with prior keyboard skill faster by 0.4 to 0.5 sec; and female subjects faster by 0.2 to 0.3 sec. These effects were generally insensitive to the presence of the secondary task.

Stapleford, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Noise and sleep - A literature review and a proposed criterion for assessing effect

Results of a number of studies on the effects of various types of noise on the sleep of subjects of both sexes and a wide range of age groups are reviewed to develop a tentative criterion for assessing these effects. Available data suggest that reasonably accurate predictions of sleep disruption may be made if the interfering noise is specified in units (EPNdB or EdBA) which account for its spectral characteristics and duration. When EPNdB units are used as the measure of noise intensity, the correlation coefficient between intensity and the probability of no sleep disturbance is -0.86. Because of the paucity of data on the long-term results of frequent behavioral wakings or arousals, it is suggested that disturbance of sleep be defined as an electroencephalographic change of one or more sleep stages.

Lukas, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Observations on autoregulation in skeletal muscle - The effects of arterial hypoxia

An experimental study was carried out on 25 mongrel dogs of both sexes to re-evaluate autoregulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle, with particular reference to the steady-state resistance and transient response in muscle blood flow following a square wave increase in arterial perfusion pressure and to the examination of the effect of arterial hypoxia on this transient response. The data emphasize the importance of considering the transient changes in blood flow in evaluating the autoregulatory response in skeletal muscle. For quantification purposes, a parameter termed alpha is introduced which represents the ratio between the increase in blood flow from baseline to peak and the return of blood flow from the peak to the new steady-state. Such a quantification of the transient response in flow with step increases in perfusion pressure demonstrates substantial transient responses under conditions of normal oxygenation and progressive attenuation of flow transients with increasing hypoxia.

Pohost, G. M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Subjective response to combined noise and vibration during flight of a large twin-jet airplane

A NASA twin-jet airplane was used to obtain controlled noise and vibration environments during flight while obtaining subjective responses from 13 passenger-subjects (6 females and 7 males). Subjective ratings of overall comfort, comfort when considering only vibration, and comfort when considering only noise were obtained during times of different vibration and noise environments. Passenger-subjects were able to distinguish and rate noise better than vibration. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in ratings of ride comfort due to both sex type and flight experience. Males rated flying discomfort much more severely than females when rating the overall ride and the ride when considering only the noise environment. Experienced passengers also rated the overall ride to be more uncomfortable than inexperienced passengers.

Clevenson, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The effect of various drugs on experimentally induced ulcers in immobilized rats

Experiments related to the importance of functional disorders in the central nervous system in connection with stomach diseases were performed on Wistar rats. Assuming that severe mental strains may be triggering factors for such disorders, testing of the effects of different drugs on experimentally induced ulcers in these rats was done. The immobilization method described by Bonfils was used. Particular importance was placed on the sex related difference which appeared.

Schramm, H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Ride quality assessment. III - Questionnaire results of a second flight programme

A questionnaire was completed by 861 passengers on regularly-scheduled flights of four commuter airlines. Four types of aircraft were involved. Questions assessed major demographic variables, attitudes toward flying, frequency of flying, experience of airsickness, and passenger perceptions of detailed aspects of the physical environment. Passengers also rated their overall comfort level and their willingness to fly again. Passengers perceive motion, noise, and seat factors as the primary determinants of their comfort. Rated comfort is strongly related to willingness to fly again. Incidence of airsickness was low. Sex differences in reactions to aspects of the environment were found.

Richards, L. G.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Model of aircraft passenger acceptance

A technique developed to evaluate the passenger response to a transportation system environment is described. Reactions to motion, noise, temperature, seating, ventilation, sudden jolts and descents are modeled. Statistics are presented for the age, sex, occupation, and income distributions of the candidates analyzed. Values are noted for the relative importance of system variables such as time savings, on-time arrival, convenience, comfort, safety, the ability to read and write, and onboard services.

Jacobson, I. D.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Variability in human body size

The range of variability found among homogeneous groups is described and illustrated. Those trends that show significantly marked differences between sexes and among a number of racial/ethnic groups are also presented. Causes of human-body size variability discussed include genetic endowment, aging, nutrition, protective garments, and occupation. The information is presented to aid design engineers of space flight hardware and equipment.

Annis, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Effects of noise frequency on performance and annoyance

Using a complex psychomotor task performed for 50 minutes in the presence of low frequency noise, high frequency noise, or ambient noise, annoyance ratings were obtained for noises of various frequencies by the method of magnitude estimation. The results suggest that high frequency noise affects female performance to a greater extent than male performance. Contrasted to these performance effects, the sexes did not differ in their annoyance ratings. A monotonically increasing relationship between annoyance and noise frequency was found (except for a decrease in annoyance at 8,000 Hz). It is concluded that both performance and annoyance responses may need to be assessed in certain situations to adequately describe human reaction to noise.

Key, K. F.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Making it in academic psychology: Demographic and personality correlates of eminence

Citations to published work, personality, and demographic characteristics were examined in a sample of male and female academic psychologists. A large sex difference was found in citations with men receiving significantly more recognition. Reputational rankings of graduate school and current institution were significantly related to citations, as were components of achievement motivation. Mastery and work needs were positively related to citations while competitiveness was negatively associated with the criterion. A model of attainment in psychology is proposed and possible explanations for the differential recognition of women are explored.

Helmreich, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Comparison of circadian rhythms in male and female humans

Heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (RT) data were obtained from 12 female and 27 male subjects. The subjects were housed in a facility where the environment was controlled. Human male and female RT and HR exhibit a circadian rhythm with an excursion of about 1.2 C and 30 beats/min, respectively. The acrophases, amplitudes, and level crossings are only slightly different between the sexes. The male HR and RT circadian wave forms are more stable than those of the females. However, the actual RT and HR of males were always lower than that of females at all time points around the clock. The HR during sleep in females is 15 per cent below the daily mean heart rate and in males, 22 per cent.

Winget, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Motion sickness in the squirrel monkey

In this study of susceptibility to motion sickness the specific aims were to examine the effects of combined vertical rotation and horizontal acceleration, phenotype, sex, visual cues, morning and afternoon testing, and repeated test exposures on incidence, frequency, and latency of emetic responses. The highest emetic incidence of 89% with an emetic frequency of 2.0 during 60 min and a latency of 19 min from onset of testing occurred at 25 rpm and 0.5 Hz linear acceleration. Since the emetic responses were quite similar to man in eliciting motion stimuli it was concluded that the squirrel monkey represents a very suitable primate model for studies of motion and space sickness.

Ordy, J. M.↗