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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Automation and Quality Control for CMS Outer Tracker Module Assembly at Fermilab’s SiDet

Automation and quality control techniques for 2S and PS sensor modules for the CMS Outer Tracker for the HL-LHC era have been developed at the Silicon Detector facility at Fermilab. Examples include a laser scanning procedure to check manufacturing specifications for the 2S sensor modules, and an automated gluing process to accurately assemble PS sensor modules. Processes were verified and documented for the production stage of the Outer Tracker.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

The CMS Phase 2 Outer Tracker Analyzer of Test Outputs - POTATO!

The Phase-2 upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), also known as the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is designed to achieve peak instantaneous luminosities which is about an order of magnitude higher than the nominal design value of $10^{34}~cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ delivering a total of atleast $3000 fb^{-1}$ data over 10 years of operation at $\sqrt{s}~=~14~TeV$. One crucial aspect of the CMS Phase-2 detector upgrade is the replacement of the existing tracking detector in order to deal with the extreme HL-LHC conditions, retaining and further expanding the physics performances achieved in the previous years. The outer part of the upgraded tracker (OT), will be equipped with over 13,000 macro Pixel-Strip (PS) and Strip-Strip (2S) modules! Module production is distributed across centers worldwide and necessitates coordinated efforts and standardized procedures. Along with production and assembly of the modules, Fermilab OT group is also working on a tool, Phase 2 Outer Tracker Analyzer of Test Outputs (POTATO) that will analyze, grade, upload and manage the large quantity of files to be stored in the centralized Database (DB). In this contribution a brief overview of the module testing and the power and dire need of POTATO to handle this large number of test outputs will be presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design and construction of the CMS Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade

he High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of $3000-4000$~fb$^{-1}$ after 10 years of operation with peak instantaneous luminosity reaching about $5-7.5\times10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. During Long Shutdown 3, several components of the CMS detector will undergo major changes, called Phase-2 upgrade, to be able to operate in the challenging environment of the HL-LHC. The current CMS silicon strip tracker has to be replaced with a new detector. The Phase-2 Outer Tracker (OT) will have higher radiation tolerance, higher granularity, and the capability to handle higher data rates compared to the current system. Another key feature of the OT will be to provide tracking information to the Level-1 (L1) trigger, allowing trigger rates to be kept at a sustainable level without sacrificing physics potential. For this, the OT will be made out of modules with two closely spaced sensors read out by front-end ASICs, which can correlate hits in the two sensors creating short track segments called stubs. The stubs will be used for tracking in the L1 track finder. The modules come in two flavors: strip-strip (2S) and pixel-strip (PS), which contain different sensor configurations and multiple ASICs. In this contribution, the design of the CMS Phase-2 OT, the technological choices, and the quality assurance (QA) procedures used to ensure the functionality of the modules will be reported. The contribution will cover the first results with pre-production devices and the different aspects taken into account during the QA: from fulfilling the precision specification of the module assembly procedure to ensuring the proper communication between the different ASICs on the module. The module noise performance is also checked and the full module functionality is verified at different temperatures.

Zoi, Irene↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design and Construction of the CMS Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of 3000-4000~fb$^{-1}$ after 10 years of operation with peak instantaneous luminosity reaching about 5-7.5$\times10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. During Long Shutdown 3, several components of the CMS detector will undergo major changes, called Phase-2 upgrades, to be able to operate in the challenging environment of the HL-LHC. The current CMS tracker will be replaced. The Phase-2 Outer Tracker (OT) will have high radiation tolerance, higher granularity, and the capability to handle higher data rates. Moreover, the OT will provide tracking information to the Level-1 trigger, for the first time at hadron colliders, allowing trigger rates to be kept at a sustainable level without sacrificing physics potential. For this, the OT will be made of modules with two closely spaced silicon sensors read out by front-end ASICs, which can correlate hits in the two sensors creating short track segments (stubs), used for tracking in the L1 track finder. The modules come in two flavors: strip-strip (2S) and pixel-strip (PS), containing different sensor configurations and multiple ASICs. This contribution will present the design of the Phase-2 OT, the first results with pre-production devices, and the quality assurance procedures used to ensure the functionality of the modules: from fulfilling the precision specification of the module assembly procedure to ensuring the proper communication among the module's ASICs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Beam Test Characterization of an Irradiated Pixel-Strip Module for HL_LHC CMS Tracker Upgrade

A new tracker, for the CMS detector at The Large Hadron Collider, will be built to address the demands of the High Luminosity upgrade which aims to achieve peak instantaneous luminosities from 5 up to 7.5 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1 and an integrated luminosity of 3000 4000 fb^-1 at a center of mass energy of 14 TeV. To meet the resulting challenges, the CMS experiment is changing its outer tracker silicon modules to include tracking capabilities at the Level-1 trigger. As part of this upgrade effort, a prototype module, combining both pixel and strip sensors (PS-module), was irradiated and subsequently tested at the Fermilab Test Beam and Irradiation facilities. These tests evaluated the module's ability to maintain precise tracking, effective particle momentum discrimination, and consistent performance when exposed to the radiation levels expected in the High Luminosity LHC environment. Results from these studies are presented with a focus on comparing the module's performance before and after irradiation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

MaPSA Quality Control and AI-Enhanced Grading For the CMS Phase-II Tracker Upgrade

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment will undergo changes as part of the Large Hadron Collider upgrade. The CMS tracker will be upgraded to cope with the new radiation environment and to provide tracking at the first level trigger. This upgrade features a new type of silicon module called PS Module, which combines a Pixel sensor and a Strip sensor in the same module. The pixel portion of the PS module has a sensor bump bonded to 16 Macro Pixel ASICs (MPA) to form a Macro Pixel Sub Assembly (MaPSA). At Fermilab, MaPSAs are tested for quality control before being assembled with the strip sensors, readout and service electronics to form a PS Module. All of this test data is stored in a centralized database, and is used to grade the final module to determine if it will be installed in the detector. The Phase II Outer Tracker Analyzer of Test Outputs (POTATO) is the software that processes this data and determines the module grades. Using recent technologies, an AI agent is being im plemented into POTATO in order to allow users to more efficiently sort through the large amounts of analysis data and ensure that only the user specified data is being considered. This poster will display the process of testing a MaPSA, how that test data is relevant to module assembly and grading, and how the POTATO grading tool is being improved with the use of an embedded AI agent.

Gzamouranis, Olivia [Purdue U.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Pixel-Strip Module Testing and Performance Analysis for the CMS Phase-2 Outer Tracker Upgrade

In response to the demanding environment of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Experiment's Outer Tracker is being replaced with a lighter, higher-granularity, radiation-tolerant silicon detector capable of providing tracking information directly to the Level-1 trigger system. The new Outer Tracker consists of Pixel-Strip (PS) and Strip-Strip (2S) transverse momentum (pT) modules, which are assembled and tested at, among other centers, Fermilab's Silicon Detector Facility. PS modules consist of a pixel sensor, a strip sensor, and multiple application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). This poster studies the performance of MaPSAs, silicon macro-pixel sensors bump-bonded to 16 macro-pixel ASICS. It presents the testing procedures for MaPSAs and MaPSA-strip sensor sub-assemblies, as well as the results of calibration and performance studies of two PS modules before and after irradiation. These results assess the impact of irradiation on module performance, providing insight into the modules' expected performance in the HL-LHC environment.

Kimrey, Emerson [Scripps College]↗
DOE OSTI2026

CMS Outer Tracker Module QA

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is a planned upgrade to the LHC that will allow it to take up to 7 times as much data. Upgrades to all detector systems, including the Outer Tracker, are necessary to allow them to handle the increased radiation and pileup. Fermilab has been tasked with assembling modules for the Outer Tracker system. This presentation discusses the QA tests performed on these modules and the integration procedure required to ensure all modules work in sync. The QA tests include sensor IV curves, MaPSA testing, visual inspection, skeleton testing, and module testing. There are additional tests that can only be performed on integrated modules that are working in sync, and developing an understanding of the timing and latency of the modules is necessary to perform this synchronization.

Hobbeheydar, Samuel [Fermilab; Carnegie Mellon U. ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Investigation and Diagnosis of Faulty Data Channels in CMS Outer Tracker Module Testing

The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is currently undergoing upgrades to improve its luminosity. In parallel, this requires an upgrade to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS)’s Outer Tracker, consisting of Pixel-Strip (PS) and Strip-Strip (2S) modules that can accurately track the path of charged particles originating from the collisions. It follows that such complex modules call for extensive testing, requiring a sophisticated Data Acquisition (DAQ) system that can perform specific tests to assess their performance. In addition, errors caused by the hardware of a given testing station, and its associated data channel, need to be accurately identified to guarantee proper testing of modules. We have developed a software extension to the Phase-II Outer Tracker Analyzer of Test Outputs (POTATO), which is a specialized software designed to analyze and grade all of the module tests through a centralized database. This extension categorizes and analyzes module test results by its station and data channel. Its analysis can be used to identify trends in grading that indicate issues in these channels’ grading process rather than in the individual modules. This poster shows our methodology and results for identifying faulty data channels. Using this extension, we can quickly diagnose and address problems in our DAQ system, ensuring proper evaluation corrections for each module.

Chen, Angus [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2026

CMS Outer Tracker Module QA

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is a planned upgrade to the LHC that will allow it to take up to 7 times as much data. Upgrades to all detector systems, including the Outer Tracker, are necessary to allow them to handle the increased radiation and pileup. Fermilab has been tasked with assembling modules for the Outer Tracker system. This presentation discusses the QA tests performed on these modules and the integration procedure required to ensure all modules work in sync. The QA tests include sensor IV curves, MaPSA testing, visual inspection, skeleton testing, and module testing. There are additional tests that can only be performed on integrated modules that are working in sync, and developing an understanding of the timing and latency of the modules is necessary to perform this synchronization.

Hobbeheydar, Samuel [Fermilab; Carnegie Mellon U. ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Investigation and Diagnosis of Faulty Data Channels in CMS Outer Tracker Module Testing

The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is currently undergoing upgrades to improve its luminosity. In parallel, this requires an upgrade to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS)’s Outer Tracker, consisting of Pixel-Strip (PS) and Strip-Strip (2S) modules that can accurately track the path of charged particles originating from the collisions. It follows that such complex modules call for extensive testing, requiring a sophisticated Data Acquisition (DAQ) system that can perform specific tests to assess their performance. In addition, errors caused by the hardware of a given testing station, and its associated data channel, need to be accurately identified to guarantee proper testing of modules. We have developed a software extension to the Phase-II Outer Tracker Analyzer of Test Outputs (POTATO), which is a specialized software designed to analyze and grade all of the module tests through a centralized database. This extension categorizes and analyzes module test results by its station and data channel. Its analysis can be used to identify trends in grading that indicate issues in these channels’ grading process rather than in the individual modules. This poster shows our methodology and results for identifying faulty data channels. Using this extension, we can quickly diagnose and address problems in our DAQ system, ensuring proper evaluation corrections for each module.

Chen, Angus [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design and construction of the CMS Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of $3000-4000\;$fb$^{-1}$ after 10 years of operation with peak instantaneous luminosity reaching about $5-7.5\times10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. During Long Shutdown 3, several components of the CMS detector will undergo major changes, called Phase-2 upgrades, to be able to operate in the challenging environment of the HL-LHC. The current CMS silicon strip tracker has to be replaced with a new detector. The Phase-2 Outer Tracker (OT) will have high radiation tolerance, higher granularity and the capability to handle higher data rates. Another key feature of the OT will be to provide tracking information to the Level-1 trigger, allowing trigger rates to be kept at a sustainable level without sacrificing physics potential. For this, the OT will be made out of modules which have two closely spaced sensors read out by front-end ASICs, which can correlate hits in the two sensors creating short track segments, called stubs. The stubs will be used for tracking in the L1 track finder. In this contribution, the design of the CMS Phase-2 OT, the technological choices and first results with prototype devices are reported.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1963

The precision tracker

The precision tracker, a simultaneous lobing, amplitude-comparison, passive, continuous-wave tracker based in principle and design upon a monopulse tracking radar, is employed at the Andover, Maine, and Pleumeur-Bodou, France, stations to find the satellite and direct the horn-reflector antennas when required and, at regular intervals during subsequent passes, to provide the precise tracking data required for prediction of future orbital parameters.

ORBIT CALCULATION↗
NASA NTRS1973

Radiant source tracker independent of nonconstant irradiance

A tracker of a radiant source is disclosed. The tracker is composed of a sectored matrix of detectors whose output voltages correspond to their respective levels of irradiance. The voltages are each sampled during a variable length period and the resulting samples are shaped into triangular samples by an integration process. They are supplied to a demodulator which provides an output corresponding to the difference of the time-voltage product of appropriate combinations of the samples. This output, after filtering, represents the angle of incidence on the detectors with respect to a central axis. The triangular samples are also supplied to a demodulator whose output is an AGC voltage which is a function of the sum of the time-voltage integrals of the triangular samples.

Campbell, F. D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Space shuttle orbiter vehicle star tracker test program plan

The development model test program was written to provide guidance for essential star tracker test support to the Space Shuttle Orbiter Program. The program organization included test equipment preparation, prototype baseline/acceptance tests, prototype total performance tests, and prototype special tests. Test configurations, preparation phase, documentation, scheduling, and manpower requirements are discussed. The test program permits an early evaluation of the tracker's performance prior to completion and testing of the final flight models.

Smith, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A microprocessor-controlled CCD star tracker

The STELLAR (Star Tracker for Economical Long Life Attitude Reference) utilizes an image sensing Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) operating under microprocessor control. This approach results in a new type of high-accuracy star tracker which can be adapted to a wide variety of different space flight applications through software changes only. The STELLAR determines two-axis star positions by computing the element and the interelement interpolated centroid positions of the star images. As many as 10 stars may be tracked simultaneously, providing significantly increased stability and accuracy. A detailed description of the STELLAR is presented along with measurements of system performance obtained from an operating breadboard model.

Salomon, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Sun tracker for clear or cloudy weather

Sun tracker orients solar collector so that they absorb maximum possible sunlight without being fooled by bright clouds, holes in cloud cover, or other atmospheric conditions. Tracker follows sun within 0.25 deg arc and is accurate within + or - 5 deg when sun is hidden.

Scott, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Star tracker error analysis: Roll-to-pitch nonorthogonality

An error analysis is described on an anomaly isolated in the star tracker software line of sight (LOS) rate test. The LOS rate cosine was found to be greater than one in certain cases which implied that either one or both of the star tracker measured end point unit vectors used to compute the LOS rate cosine had lengths greater than unity. The roll/pitch nonorthogonality matrix in the TNB CL module of the IMU software is examined as the source of error.

Corson, R. W.↗