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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Wi4 Mature red pine (MRP)

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi4 Mature red pine (MRP). This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi4 Mature red pine (MRP) produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Wisconsin Mature Red Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Thinned every 7 years until they reach 100 to 150 years of age, the red pine plantations of all ages occupy approximately 25% of the region.

Chen, Jiquan↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Wi5 Mixed young jack pine (MYJP)

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi5 Mixed young jack pine (MYJP). This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi5 Mixed young jack pine (MYJP) produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Wisconsin Mixed Young Jack Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Clearcut on 40 to 70 year intervals, jack pine stands occupy approximately 13% of the region.

Chen, Jiquan↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Wi6 Pine barrens #1 (PB1)

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi6 Pine barrens #1 (PB1). This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi6 Pine barrens #1 (PB1) produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Wisconsin Pine Barrens site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. In order to establish and maintain both natural and plantation jack pine stands, pine barrens undergo prescribed burns and harvesting rotations. Pine Barrens occupy 17% of the region in 2001.

Chen, Jiquan↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Wi9 Young Jack pine (YJP)

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi9 Young Jack pine (YJP). This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi9 Young Jack pine (YJP) produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Wisconsin Young Jack Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Clearcut on 40 to 70 year intervals, jack pine stands occupy approximately 13% of the region.

Chen, Jiquan↗
DOE OSTI2023

Production of Precursor Materials for the Development of Iron-Based Superconductor (IBS) Wire

The objective of the activities under this Annex is to address the extrinsic Jc limitations uncovered in pioneering work. In order to engineer the defects pinning landscape charged particle irradiations experiments on bulk samples, different doping and chemical additions will be performed at different National facilities (Test Beam Facility at Fermilab; Linac Isotope Producer at Brookhaven National Laboratory; Integrated Biology Laboratory at University of Wisconsin-Madison; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams at Michigan State University). The samples will be produced at ENEA by different techniques. Magnetization and advanced microscopy measures will be performed at Fermilab. After irradiation, depending on the level of radioactivity, the samples will be tested at Fermilab or where it is possible to measure radioactive materials as University of Wisconsin-Madison.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Student and Post Doctoral Support for the 8th Workshop on Nanotube Optics and Nanospectroscopy (Final Technical Report)

This project provided financial assistance for 20 postdoctoral and graduate students to attend the 8th Workshop on Nanotube Optics and Nanospectroscopy (WONTON 2022). The WONTON 2022 workshop was held in-person in Madison, Wisconsin (USA) from July 24th to 28th, 2022, and the organizers were Dr. Michael Arnold of the University of Wisconsin, Madison and Dr. Jeffrey Blackburn of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The funding support was specifically used to defray the registration costs of 5 postdoctoral attendees and 15 graduate students, who each participated directly in the meeting by presenting a contributed talk or poster.

2D materials↗
DOE OSTI2023

Production of Precursor Materials for the Development of Iron-Based Superconductor (IBS) Wire

The objective of the activities under this Annex is to address the extrinsic Jc limitations uncovered in pioneering work. In order to engineer the defects pinning landscape charged particle irradiations experiments on bulk samples with different doping and chemical additions will be performed at different National facilities (Test Beam Facility at Fermilab; Linac Isotope Producer at Brookhaven National Laboratory; Integrated Biology Laboratory at University of Wisconsin-Madison; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams at Michigan State University). The samples will be produced at TUAT by different synthesis techniques. Magnetization and advanced microscopy measures will be performed at Fermilab. After irradiation, depending on the level of radioactivity, the samples will be tested at Fermilab or where it is possible to measure radioactive materials as University of Wisconsin-Madison. In parallel, the precursor materials produced by TUAT will be used for IBS-wire fabrication at Fermi

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Improving the Discovery, Access, and Use of Water Data for Basin-Scale River Management: Phase 2 Workshop Report

This project assesses the value of accessible and usable water data for advancing river basin management in the U.S. This report summarizes the outcomes a stakeholder workshop that was held in May 2021, and a collection of interactive data stories about five river basins across the U.S. (Eel and Russian river basins in California, Wisconsin River basin in Wisconsin, and the Connecticut and Penobscot river basins in the New England region).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Center for Tokamak Transients Simulations

The major goals for the Center for Tokamak Transients Simulations (CTTS) were to develop detailed numerical simulations of disruptive transients in tokamak experiments and to use them in theoretical studies of the thermal-quench (TQ) and current-quench (CQ) phases of disruption. The University of Wisconsin-Madison component of CTTS contributed relevant development for the NIMROD code (https://nimrodteam.org) and applied it to disruptions that involve global vertical displacement. Code-development contributions include boundary conditions that represent sheath effects which occur when tokamak plasma is in contact with the surrounding vessel wall during vertical displacement events (VDEs). We also implemented a reduced model of energetic runaway electrons (REs) to simulate the effect of these energetic electrons on the CQ phase of tokamak disruptions. Our computations of VDEs include 2D and 3D verification through benchmarks with two other widely used macroscale plasma simulation codes, M3D-C1 and JOREK. Over nonlinear evolution to the final termination of plasma current, the 2D simulation results on magnetic axis location, toroidal current, and halo current track each other well. With the 3D benchmark computation, all three codes found the same qualitative behavior of the asymmetric instabilities having increasing growth rate after contact with the wall, followed by nonlinear excitation of other toroidal harmonics. Our NIMROD computations for an idealized configuration show agreement with an analytical assessment by V. D. Pustovitov [Nucl. Fusion 55, 113032 (2015)] that the plasma and non-ideal wall remain in force-balance such that net forces only result from magnetic stresses over the outer surface of the wall. Our study of the influence of boundary conditions on VDEs shows that extended-MHD simulations of VDEs are sensitive to electron energy transport to the wall and that boundary conditions on flow are only significant to the extent that they influence the electron energy transport. Resistive-MHD NIMROD simulations of the tokamak discharges in the Madison Symmetric Torus show that magnetic perturbations of poloidal wavenumber m=3 lead to chaotic magnetic topology over the edge region, which helps deconfine energetic electrons. A second area of RE study shows that the coupled resistive MHD/reduced RE model reproduces the resistive-hose particle-beam instability. With respect to educational opportunities, this effort involved and supported four graduate students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and one postdoctoral associate. The results of this study have been disseminated through journal publications, conference presentations, technical reports, and PhD dissertations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data from: High temperatures and low soil moisture synergistically reduce switchgrass yields from marginal field sites and inhibit fermentation

‘Marginal lands’ are low productivity sites abandoned from agriculture for reasons such as low or high soil water content, challenging topography, or nutrient deficiency. To avoid competition with crop production, cellulosic bio- energy crops have been proposed for cultivation on marginal lands, however on these sites they may be more strongly affected by environmental stresses such as low soil water content. In this study we used rainout shelters to in- duce low soil moisture on marginal lands and determine the effect of soil water stress on switchgrass growth and the subsequent production of bioetha- nol. Five marginal land sites that span a latitudinal gradient in Michigan and Wisconsin were planted to switchgrass in 2013 and during the 2018–2021 growing seasons were exposed to reduced precipitation under rainout shelters in comparison to ambient precipitation. The effect of reduced precipitation was related to the environmental conditions at each site and biofuel produc- tion metrics (switchgrass biomass yields and composition and ethanol pro- duction). During the first year (2018), the rainout shelters were designed with 60% rain exclusion, which did not affect biomass yields compared to ambient conditions at any of the field sites, but decreased switchgrass fermentability at the Wisconsin Central–Hancock site. In subsequent years, the shelters were redesigned to fully exclude rainfall, which led to reduced biomass yields and inhibited fermentation for three sites. When switchgrass was grown in soils with large reductions in moisture and increases in temperature, the potential for biofuel production was significantly reduced, exposing some of the chal- lenges associated with producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass grown under drought conditions.

bioethanol↗
NASA NTRS1975

Trophic status of inland lakes from LANDSAT

A first-cut assessment of the trophic status of inland lakes in Wisconsin was obtained from LANDSAT data. To satisfy the criteria of the project, a large and versatile computer program was developed to gain access to LANDSAT data. This analysis technique has proven to be a cost-effective method of classifying inland lakes in Wisconsin.

Fisher, L. T.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The use of ERTS imagery for lake classification

The feasibility of using photographic representations of the ERTS imagery to classify lakes in the State of Wisconsin as to their trophic level was studied. Densitometric readings in band 5 of ERTS 70 mm imagery were taken for all the lakes in Wisconsin greater than 100 acres (approximately 1000 lakes). An algorithm has been developed from ground truth measurements to predict from satellite imagery an indicator of trophic status.

Scarpace, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Improving streamflow estimates through the use of LANDSAT

Estimates of low flow and flood frequency in several southwestern Wisconsin basins were improved by determining land cover from LANDSAT imagery. With the use of estimates of land cover in multiple-regression techniques, the standard error of estimate (SE) for the least annual 7-day low flow for 2- and 10-year recurrence intervals of ungaged sites were lowered by 9% each. The SE of flood frequency in the 'Driftless Area' of Wisconsin for 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals were lowered by 14%. Four of nine basin characteristics determined from satellite imagery were significant variables in the multiple-regression techniques, whereas only 1 of the 12 characteristics determined from topographic maps was significant. The percentages of land cover categories in each basin were determined by merging basin boundaries, digitized from quadrangles, with a classified LANDSAT scene. Both the basin boundary X-Y polygon coordinates and the satellite coordinates were converted to latitude-longitude for merging compatibility.

Allord, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A simulation study of the recession coefficient for antecedent precipitation index

The antecedent precipitation index (API) is a useful indicator of soil moisture conditions for watershed runoff calculations and recent attempts to correlate this index with spaceborne microwave observations have been fairly successful. It is shown that the prognostic equation for soil moisture used in some of the atmospheric general circulation models together with Thornthwaite-Mather parameterization of actual evapotranspiration leads to API equations. The recession coefficient for API is found to depend on climatic factors through potential evapotranspiration and on soil texture through the field capacity and the permanent wilting point. Climatologial data for Wisconsin together with a recently developed model for global isolation are used to simulate the annual trend of the recession coefficient. Good quantitative agreement is shown with the observed trend at Fennimore and Colby watersheds in Wisconsin. It is suggested that API could be a unifying vocabulary for watershed and atmospheric general circulation modelars.

Choudhury, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Search for, and study of, paleozoic impact ejecta: Progress made during the past year

Nodule-like objects which the author believes to be impact bombs had been found in Middle Ordovician rocks of southeastern Wisconsin and northern Illinois. In northern Illinois, rock fragments containing oolith-like spherules, which the author believes to be solidified impact droplets, and numerous large bubble-holes, had been found at the same stratigraphic level. The discovery of bomb-like nodules in Lower Ordovician rocks of southeastern Wisconsin was reported. Bomb-type nodules associated with droplet-type spherules have been found in Lower Ordovician rocks of central Pennsylvania. These discoveries, in the authors opinion, suffice to show that impact ejecta are widespread in marine sediments of Ordovician age and are likely to be widespread also in marine sediments of other ages. Unfortunately, according to the author, there is little indication so far that this evidence has been accepted as valid by the concerned scientific community.

Read, William F.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Remote sensing of canopy chemistry and nitrogen cycling in temperate forest ecosystems

The use of images acquired by the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer, an experimental high-spectral resolution imaging sensor developed by NASA, to estimate the lignin concentration of whole forest canopies in Wisconsin is reported. The observed strong relationship between canopy lignin concentration and nitrogen availability in seven undisturbed forest ecosystems on Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin, suggests that canopy lignin may serve as an index for site nitrogen status. This predictive relationship presents the opportunity to estimate nitrogen-cycling rates across forested landscapes through remote sensing.

Wessman, Carol A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Comparison of surface-derived and ISCCP cloud optical properties

One objective of the FIRE Project is to validate the cloud parameters given on ISCCP tapes. ISCCP first defines whether or not a region is clear or has clouds based on two threshold algorithms. If the region has clouds, then a cloud optical depth is given as well as a cloud height. Special high resolution ISCCP CX tapes were created for the time period of the Wisconsin FIRE experiment. These tapes did not include the cloud height product, however, other parameters used to make up the standard ISCCP Cl products were available. The ISCCP cloud/no cloud and cloud depth parameters are compared with surface derived values for the Wisconsin FIRE region during the October 27 and 28 case study days.

Whitlock, C. H.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Optical and morphological properties of Cirrus clouds determined by the high spectral resolution lidar during FIRE

Cirrus clouds reflect incoming solar radiation and trap outgoing terrestrial radiation; therefore, accurate estimation of the global energy balance depends upon knowledge of the optical and physical properties of these clouds. Scattering and absorption by cirrus clouds affect measurements made by many satellite-borne and ground based remote sensors. Scattering of ambient light by the cloud, and thermal emissions from the cloud can increase measurement background noise. Multiple scattering processes can adversely affect the divergence of optical beams propagating through these clouds. Determination of the optical thickness and the vertical and horizontal extent of cirrus clouds is necessary to the evaluation of all of these effects. Lidar can be an effective tool for investigating these properties. During the FIRE cirrus IFO in Oct. to Nov. 1986, the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) was operated from a rooftop site on the campus of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, Wisconsin. Approximately 124 hours of fall season data were acquired under a variety of cloud optical thickness conditions. Since the IFO, the HSRL data set was expanded by more than 63.5 hours of additional data acquired during all seasons. Measurements are presented for the range in optical thickness and backscattering phase function of the cirrus clouds, as well as contour maps of extinction corrected backscatter cross sections indicating cloud morphology. Color enhanced images of range-time indicator (RTI) displays a variety of cirrus clouds with approximately 30 sec time resolution are presented. The importance of extinction correction on the interpretation of cloud height and structure from lidar observations of optically thick cirrus are demonstrated.

Grund, Christian John↗