A new global ionospheric model
A new global ionospheric model has been successfully implemented. The daytime portion of this model provides one-way ionospheric range corrections that compare favorably with those derived from the Mariner Venus Mercury (MVM'73) S- and X-band dual frequency doppler data. For elevation angles, γ, higher than 30 deg and solar zenith angle, X, less than 80 deg, this model provides calibrations accurate to a few centimeters. The calibrations provided by the nighttime model are also very reasonable. These, however, will have to be compared with the S/X data from Viking ‘75 for final confirmation. It is interesting to note that the daytime ionospheric calibrations derived from the current calibration scheme, DIEN/TIEN, are fairly close to those given by the new global model, especially in the temporal variations and thus the doppler effects. In the daytime and for γ ≳ 30 deg and X < 80 deg, the calibrations from the two models agree almost exactly. However, for situations when γ is below 30 deg and X is larger than 80 deg simultaneously, as much as 12% (~70 cm, typically) improvement of the new model over DIEN/TIEN results. The comparison between the nighttime model and DIEN/TIEN has been based on the one-way ionospheric range corrections for three passes near the Mariner 9 encounter with Mars in 1971 tracked at Goldstone. It is found that they can differ by over 30% (typically 20 cm). As mentioned, the confirmation of these nighttime calibrations awaits the availability of the Viking S/X dual frequency doppler data. Finally, the ionospheric calibration effects on orbit determination provided by DIEN/TIEN, the global model, and the S/X data will be intercompared during the Viking Mission.