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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

The influence of clinostat rotation on the fertilized amphibian egg.

Study in which unrestrained, fertilized eggs of Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis were rotated in a plane parallel to the normal gravity vector. In R. pipiens rotation at 1/4 rpm for five days at 18 C produced a significantly increased number of commonly occurring abnormalities. Rotation at 1/15, 1/8, 1, 2, 5 and 10 rpm did not significantly affect normal development. X. laevis eggs reacted similarly. R. pipiens eggs were most sensitive to rotation at 1/4 rpm when exposure was initiated before first cleavage. Mixing of intracellular constituents apparently occurred only at 1/4 rpm in R. pipiens (of the clinostat speeds studied), and may have been the cause of the increased abnormality observed at this rate.

Tremor, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1970

Dynamic EKG Study

The use of the dynamic EKG study as a part of periodic health examination is considered to be a valuable complement to other forms of stress testing with its ability to detect abnormal heart responses to stress stimuli. It is believed that statistical correlations of dynamic EKG findings with physical examination results contribute greatly to the understanding of cardiac abnormalities.

Fleck, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Special hematologic effects (M115), part E

All routine hematological measurements for the Skylab simulation test were within normal astronaut population limits for the CDR, SPT, and PLT, with one exception: A significant lymphopenia was observed in the PLT during the post test period, possibly the reflection of increased adrenal corticoid secretion. No ultrastructural red cell membrane abnormalities were observed in any of the subjects, nor were any red corpuscle morphological abnormalities noted. Slight elevations in the PLT's red corpuscular potassium were observed in the younger corpuscles after chamber entrance and again upon egress. This probably represents newly released young red cells from hematopoietic tissue. Flame photometric analyses confirm the fact that potassium is indeed higher in the younger cells of all subjects examined.

Kimzey, S. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Transient desorption of water vapor - A potential source of error in upper atmosphere rocket experiments

Results of measurements of the outgassing rates of samples of materials and surface finishes used on the outer skins of rocket-borne experiment packages in simulated rocket ascents. The results showed outgassing rates for anodized aluminum in the second minute of flight which are two to three orders of magnitude higher than those given in typical tables of outgassing rates. The measured rates for aluminum with chromate conversion surface coatings were also abnormally high. These abnormally high initial rates fell quickly after about five to ten minutes to values comparable with those in the published literature. It is concluded that anodized and chromate conversion coatings on the aluminum outer surfaces of a sounding rocket experiment package will cause gross distortion of the true water vapor environment.

Kendall, B. R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Development of a battery status monitor

A prototype battery status monitor system has been developed. The functions of the system are: (1) to provide the energy status of the battery, (2) to measure and transmit basic battery parameters, (3) to process these measurements required to determine abnormal functioning of the battery, and (4) to transmit warning signals of the abnormal condition along with a go/no go signal. The system was developed for use with the space shuttle.

Zimmerman, R. I.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Killifish Hatching and Orientation experiment MA-161

The killifish Fundulus heteroclitus was used as a model system for study of embryonic development and vestibular adaptation in orbital flight. Juvenile fish in a zero gravity environment exhibited looping swimming activity similar to that observed during the Skylab 3 mission. Hatchings from a 336 hour egg stage were also observed to loop. At splashdown, both juveniles and hatchings exhibited a typical diving response suggesting relatively normal vestibular function. Juveniles exhibited swimming patterns suggestive of abnormal swim bladders. The embryos exhibited no abnormalities resulting from development in a zero gravity environment.

H W Scheld↗
NASA NTRS1976

Pre- and postflight systolic time intervals during LBNP - The second manned Skylab mission

Before and after the 59 day Skylab 3 flight, the astronauts were stressed with lower body negative pressure (LBNP), and their vectorcardiograms, pneumograms, phonocardiograms, and carotid pulse tracings were monitored together with the intervals of systole. In the immediate postflight period elevations in heart rate and blood pressure were observed in response to -50 mm Hg of LBNP. Postflight abnormalities in the systolic time intervals (STI) at rest and during stress were due to an increase in afterload and a decrease in preload. As blood volume was restored and blood pressure reduced, STI abnormalities persisted as long as one month, suggesting a possible reduction in ventricular contractility and/or a functional impairment to venous return.

Bergman, S. A., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Development of automated analytical capability for the early detection of diabetes mellitus

The total profile of volatile metabolites in urine of patients with diabetes mellitus was studied. Because of the drastic abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins connected with diabetes it was expected that apart from acetone further characteristic abnormalities occur in the profiles if volatile urinary metabolites in cases of diabetes mellitus. Quantitative and qualitative changes were found in these urines as compared to the urines of normal subjects.

Zlatkis, A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

High-resolution stellar vidicon spectrophotometry. I - Variable mass loss from Arcturus and the hypothesis of giant convective elements

High-resolution spectrophotometry of the variable Ca II K line in the K2 IIIp star Alpha Boo was performed with the McMath Solar Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and an experimental SEC vidicon camera. The results are compared with Copernicus observations of the Mg II h and k lines and with earlier Ca II data. It is found that either of two states may typically occur in the Arcturus chromosphere. From comparison with the results of model calculations for expanding chromospheres, it is concluded that these correspond respectively to a 'normal' state in which the mass loss is less than one billionth of a solar mass per year and an 'abnormal' state in which the mass loss is about 8 billionths of a solar mass per year. In the latter case, the expansion velocity is around 13 km/s at optical depth unity in the K-line, which exceeds the local sound speed. It is suggested that the abnormal state represents the rise to the photosphere of a very large convective element, as hypothesized for red giants by Schwarzschild (1975).

Chiu, H. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Line blocking factors in the ultraviolet spectra of 35 B6 to A0 stars

Observed line-blocking factors for stars of spectral types B6 to A0 are presented which were measured on spectral tracings observed over the wavelength ranges from 2064 to 2158 A, 2496 to 2590 A, and 2775 to 2867 A with the S 59 spectrometer on the ESRO TD 1A satellite. Twenty-six stars having normal spectra were observed along with 12 stars having abnormal spectra. The results for normal and abnormal stars are compared to determine the changes in line blocking related to each type of spectral peculiarity. Detailed descriptions are given of the line-blocking factors in different spectral channels for a B8 supergiant, three Be stars, a shell star, two eclipsing binaries, an Hg-Mn star, and several peculiar B and A stars.

Underhill, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Morphology of gold and copper ion-plated coatings

Copper and gold films (0.2 to 2 microns thick) were ion plated onto polished 304-stainless-steel, glass, mica surfaces. These coatings were examined by SEM for defects in their morphological growth. Three types of defects were distinguished: nodular growth, abnormal or runaway growth, and spits. The cause for each type of defect was investigated. Nodular growth is due to inherent substrate microdefects, abnormal or runaway growth is due to external surface inclusions, and spits are due to nonuniform evaporation (ejection of droplets). All these defects induce stresses and produce porosity in the coatings and thus weaken their mechanical properties. During surface rubbing, large nodules are pulled out, leaving vacancies in the coatings.

Spalvins, T.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Characterization of defect growth structure in ion plated films by scanning electron microscopy

Copper and gold films (0.2 to 2 microns) were ion plated onto polished 304-stainless-steel surfaces. These coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy for coating growth defects. Three types of defects were distinguished: nodular growth, abnormal or runaway growth, and spits. The cause and origin for each type of defect was traced. Nodular growth is primarily due to inherent substrate microdefects, abnormal or runaway growth is due to external surface inclusions, and spits are due to nonuniform evaporation. All these defects have adverse effects on the coatings. They induce stresses and produce porosity in the coatings and thus weaken their mechanical properties. Friction and wear characteristics are affected by coating defects, since the large nodules are pulled out and additional wear debris is generated.

Spalvins, T.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Effect of a Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly on the circulation over North America

During the fall and winter of 1976-1977, sea surface temperature (SST) in the north Pacific was characterized by abnormally cold temperatures in the central and western portions of the north Pacific with a warm pool located off the west coast of the U.S. It was suggested that the north Pacific SST anomalies were one of the multiple causes of the abnormally cold temperatures in eastern North America during the 1976-1977 winter. An attempt was made to test this hypothesis by conducting a numerical experiment with the GLAS general circulation model.

Shukla, J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The development of a whole-body algorithm

The whole-body algorithm is envisioned as a mathematical model that utilizes human physiology to simulate the behavior of vital body systems. The objective of this model is to determine the response of selected body parameters within these systems to various input perturbations, or stresses. Perturbations of interest are exercise, chemical unbalances, gravitational changes and other abnormal environmental conditions. This model provides for a study of man's physiological response in various space applications, underwater applications, normal and abnormal workloads and environments, and the functioning of the system with physical impairments or decay of functioning components. Many methods or approaches to the development of a whole-body algorithm are considered. Of foremost concern is the determination of the subsystems to be included, the detail of the subsystems and the interaction between the subsystems.

Kay, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A study of axonal degeneration in the optic nerves of aging mice

The optic nerves of C57BL/6J mice ranging from 3 to 30 months were examined by electron microscopy. At all ages investigated, optic nerve axons contained enlarged mitochondria with abnormal cristae. With increasing age, a large number of necrotic axons were observed and were in the process of being phagocytized. The abnormal mitochondria may represent preliminary changes that eventually lead to necrosis of the axon.

Johnson, J. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Characterization of defect growth structures in ion plated films by scanning electron microscopy

Gold and copper films (0.2-2 micron thick) are ion plated on very smooth stainless steel 304 and mica surfaces. The deposited films are examined by SEM to identify the morphological growth of defects. Three types of coating defects are distinguished: nodular growth, abnormal or runaway growth, and spits. The potential nucleation sites for defect growth are analyzed to determine the cause of defect formation. It is found that nuclear growth is due to inherent surface microdefects, abnormal or runaway growth is due to external surface inclusions, and spits are due to nonuniform evaporation and ejection of droplets. All these defects have adverse effects on the coatings.

Spalvins, T.↗
NASA NTRS1979

IUE and visual spectrophotometry of 3C 120 and Markarian 79

Low-resolution ultraviolet spectra have been obtained with IUE and combined with similar visual observations. The continua of both objects show an excess of flux in the neighborhood of 3000 A. In both objects there appears to be a depression near 2200 A, which is probably the ultraviolet interstellar absorption feature centered at 2175 A. The strength of this feature suggests E(B-V) values of 0.22 and 0.38 for Mrk 79 and 3C 120, respectively. The ratio of intensities of L-alpha to H-beta is abnormally small compared with the radiative recombination ratio; the discrepancy is removed in 3C 120 and much reduced in Mrk 79 if the reddening values just mentioned are adopted. The C IV to L-alpha line intensity ratio is abnormally high in these objects compared with that for quasars. Although both objects have strong Fe II lines in the visual, there is no Fe II absorption or emission in the ultraviolet.

Oke, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Algorithms Could Automate Cancer Diagnosis

Five new algorithms are a complete statistical procedure for quantifying cell abnormalities from digitized images. Procedure could be basis for automated detection and diagnosis of cancer. Objective of procedure is to assign each cell an atypia status index (ASI), which quantifies level of abnormality. It is possible that ASI values will be accurate and economical enough to allow diagnoses to be made quickly and accurately by computer processing of laboratory specimens extracted from patients.

Baky, A. A.↗