Percent recharge unit Final report
Percent recharge unit for automatically monitoring and controlling rechargeable batteries during charge-discharge cycling tests
Source record↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “battery charge controller”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Lidar
An autonomous, low-power atmospheric lidar instrument is being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This compact, portable lidar will operate continuously in a temperature controlled enclosure, charge its own batteries through a combination of a small rugged wind generator and solar panels, and transmit its data from remote locations to ground stations via satellite. A network of these instruments will be established by co-locating them at remote Automatic Weather Station (AWS) sites in Antarctica under the auspices of the National Science Foundation (NSF). The NSF Office of Polar Programs provides support to place the weather stations in remote areas of Antarctica in support of meteorological research and operations. The AWS meteorological data will directly benefit the analysis of the lidar data while a network of ground based atmospheric lidar will provide knowledge regarding the temporal evolution and spatial extent of Type la polar stratospheric clouds (PSC). These clouds play a crucial role in the annual austral springtime destruction of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica, i.e. the ozone hole. In addition, the lidar will monitor and record the general atmospheric conditions (transmission and backscatter) of the overlying atmosphere which will benefit the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Prototype lidar instruments have been deployed to the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (1995-96, 2000) and to an Automated Geophysical Observatory site (AGO 1) in January 1999. We report on data acquired with these instruments, instrument performance, and anticipated performance of the AWS Lidar.
Rall, Jonathan A.R.↗
System for energy harvesting and/or generation, storage, and delivery
A device and method for harvesting, generating, storing, and delivering energy to a load, particularly for remote or inaccessible applications. The device preferably comprises one or more energy sources, at least one supercapacitor, at least one rechargeable battery, and a controller. The charging of the energy storage devices and the delivery of power to the load is preferably dynamically varied to maximize efficiency. A low power consumption charge pump circuit is preferably employed to collect power from low power energy sources while also enabling the delivery of higher voltage power to the load. The charging voltage is preferably programmable, enabling one device to be used for a wide range of specific applications.
Trainor, John T.↗
System for energy harvesting and/or generation, storage, and delivery
A device and method for harvesting, generating, storing, and delivering energy to a load, particularly for remote or inaccessible applications. The device preferably comprises one or more energy sources, at least one supercapacitor, at least one rechargeable battery, and a controller. The charging of the energy storage devices and the delivery of power to the load is preferably dynamically varied to maximize efficiency. A low power consumption charge pump circuit is preferably employed to collect power from low power energy sources while also enabling the delivery of higher voltage power to the load. The charging voltage is preferably programmable, enabling one device to be used for a wide range of specific applications.
Trainor, John T.↗
Charge Management for an Inductively Charged On-Demand Battery-Electric Shuttle Service with High Penetration of Renewable Energy
This paper presents a charge management control strategy for an on-demand battery-electric shuttle van operating at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) campus and supported by day-time inductive charging at the vehicle's waiting spot. A new control algorithm has been proposed for reducing the demand charge costs incurred from wireless charging of the on-demand shuttle. A custom controller has been developed to monitor the shuttle, wireless charger, renewable energy generation, and various loads at NREL's campus, and regulate charging behavior for demand response. The intermittent renewable generation and sporadic operation of the on-demand shuttle service contribute to a high level of uncertainty in expected campus load profile, which must be carefully managed. The control algorithm predicts energy profile to estimate the mobility needs of the vehicle and maintain uninterrupted service during operation while still minimizing peak demand. The proposed controller has been designed and optimized using a Simulink model for the entire system. Next, it has been implemented and tested in real-time on the NREL campus. Two primary vehicle-use cases, charge sustaining and charge depletion operation, are tested under different load profiles and drive cycles to assess the controller's effectiveness at reducing peak demand and therefore demand charges. The proposed controller showed robust performance under different driving scenarios with high correlation between simulated and experimental data. The results showed that proper demand response can be achieved with an average of 94% reduction of charging loads during peak demand events.
ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY STORAGE↗
Charge-Control Unit for Testing Lithium-Ion Cells
A charge-control unit was developed as part of a program to validate Li-ion cells packaged together in batteries for aerospace use. The lithium-ion cell charge-control unit will be useful to anyone who performs testing of battery cells for aerospace and non-aerospace uses and to anyone who manufacturers battery test equipment. This technology reduces the quantity of costly power supplies and independent channels that are needed for test programs in which multiple cells are tested. Battery test equipment manufacturers can integrate the technology into their battery test equipment as a method to manage charging of multiple cells in series. The unit manages a complex scheme that is required for charging Li-ion cells electrically connected in series. The unit makes it possible to evaluate cells together as a pack using a single primary test channel, while also making it possible to charge each cell individually. Hence, inherent cell-to-cell variations in a series string of cells can be addressed, and yet the cost of testing is reduced substantially below the cost of testing each cell as a separate entity. The unit consists of electronic circuits and thermal-management devices housed in a common package. It also includes isolated annunciators to signal when the cells are being actively bypassed. These annunciators can be used by external charge managers or can be connected in series to signal that all cells have reached maximum charge. The charge-control circuitry for each cell amounts to regulator circuitry and is powered by that cell, eliminating the need for an external power source or controller. A 110-VAC source of electricity is required to power the thermal-management portion of the unit. A small direct-current source can be used to supply power for an annunciator signal, if desired.
Reid, Concha M.↗
Battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system architecture for mild-hybrid power systems
A mild-hybrid energy storage system architecture is provided, comprising: a battery; an ultracapacitor connected in parallel with the battery; a passive battery pre-charge circuit connected between a terminal of the battery and a DC bus; a battery main contactor connected in parallel with the battery pre-charge circuit between the terminal of the battery and the DC bus; a passive ultracapacitor pre-charge circuit connected between a terminal of the ultracapacitor and the DC bus; an ultracapacitor main contactor connected in parallel with the ultracapacitor pre-charge circuit between the terminal of the ultracapacitor and the DC bus; and a control module configured to independently control operation of the battery pre-charge circuit, the battery main contactor, the ultracapacitor pre-charge circuit and the ultracapacitor main contactor.
Varigonda, Subbarao↗
Pathways towards managing cost and degradation risk of fast charging cells with electrical and thermal controls
The charging rate of Li-ion batteries is limited by the risks of lithium plating and thermal damage, both of which negatively affect lifetime of the batteries. This work analyzes how to minimize charge time and manage the risk of degradation using both electrical and thermal controls. To accomplish this, an electrochemical-thermal model is developed to introduce a constant-risk fast charging protocol which maximizes the charging current while maintaining the cell within pre-defined design limits selected to minimize the risk of degradation. Results indicate 80%-charging of a typical NMC/graphite cell can be achieved within 10 minutes with a cell cost under $100 kW –1 h –1 (corresponding to an 80 μm thick anode) when charged at moderate allowable risks of degradation. Here, we also demonstrate how stretching the allowable risk (i.e., higher temperatures, larger C-rates, and lower anode potential limits) allows affordable design of fast charging cells.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Progress in electrochemical storage for battery systems
Efforts to improve electrochemical systems for space use relate to: (1) improvement of conventional systems; (2) development of fuel cells to practical power systems; and (3) a search for new systems that provide gains in energy density but offer comparable life and performance as conventional systems. Improvements in sealed conventional systems resulted in the areas of materials, charge control methods, cell operations and battery control, and specific process controls required during cell manufacture. Fuel-cell systems have been developed for spacecraft but the use of these power plants is limited. For present and planned flights, nickel-cadmium, silver-zinc, and silver-cadmium systems will be used. Improvements in nickel-cadmium batteries have been applied in medical and commercial areas.
Ford, F. E.↗
Investigations leading to the development of a primary zinc-silver oxide battery of improved performance characteristics progress report no. 11, 1 may - 31 may 1964
Zinc-silver oxide battery design for improved and activated charge retention, voltage control, and temperature stability
TEMPERATURE EFFECT↗
Hubble Space Telescope electrical power system simulation breadboard
The components and operation of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) electrical power system (EPS) breadboard are described. The HST EPS breadboard consists of: (1) the power distribution breadboard, (2) the batteries, (3) the solar array simulators, (4) the load banks, (5) the charge current control hardware, and (6) a control computer; the functions of each of these elements are discussed. The HST EPS has been used to simulate changes in charge level, charge control schemes, and beta angle, failed cells, batteries, solar panel assemblies (SPAs), beginning of life SPAs, and end of life SPAs, and temperature differences. The test data reveal that the HST EPS is capable of operating over a wide range of conditions.
Bush, John R., Jr.↗
Operating a commercial building HVAC load as a virtual battery through airflow control
Virtual battery (VB) is an innovative method to model flexibility of building loads and effectively coordinate them with other resources at a system level. Unlike a real battery with a dedicated power conversion system for charging control, methods are required for operating building loads to deviate from the baseline to respond to grid signals. This paper presents a VB control for a commercial heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to follow the desired power consumption in real-time by adjusting zonal airflow rates. The proposed method consists of two parts. At the system level, a mixed feedforward and feedback control is used to estimate the desired total airflow rate. At the zone level, two priority-based algorithms are then proposed to distribute the total airflow rate to individual zones. In particular, a zonal airflow limit estimation method is proposed using machine-learning techniques, in contrast to physics-based thermal models in existing studies, to more accurately capture zonal thermal dynamics and improve temperature control performance. An office building on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory campus is implemented in EnergyPlus, and used to illustrate and validate the proposed control.
Wang, Jiyu↗
Lithium-Ion Cell Charge Control Unit
Life-test data of Lithium-Ion battery cells is critical in order to establish their performance capabilities for NASA missions and Exploration goals. Lithium-ion cells have the potential to replace rechargeable alkaline cells in aerospace applications, but they require a more complex charging scheme than is typically required for alkaline cells. To address these requirements in our Lithium-Ion Cell Test Verification Program, a Lithium-Ion Cell Charge Control Unit was developed by NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). This unit gives researchers the ability to test cells together as a pack, while allowing each cell to charge individually. This allows the inherent cell-to-cell variations to be addressed on a series string of cells and results in a substantial reduction in test costs as compared to individual cell testing. The Naval Surface Warfare Center at Crane, Indiana developed a power reduction scheme that works in conjunction with the Lithium-Ion Cell Charge Control Unit. This scheme minimizes the power dissipation required by the circuitry to prolong circuit life and improve its reliability.
Reid, Concha↗
A Simulation Framework to Support the Deployment of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
This work presents a simulation framework to support Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries deployment. First, an electrical equivalent model of a commercial three-stack, 20 kW VRFB is implemented to capture the battery dynamics. Next, a topology of a power electronics-based solution to integrate a VRFB is introduced, and the effectiveness of the control system is evaluated through battery charging and discharging operation under varying conditions. The results provide insights into power and voltage levels, demonstrating that the series-connected architecture can alleviate the voltage boost on the interface power electronics converter. Additionally, efficiency and temperature-critical factors for VRFB system deployment-are also analyzed.
Rezende Da Costa Reis Kimpara, Renata [ORNL] (ORCI↗
Characterization of recombination and control electrodes for spacecraft nickel cadmium cells Final report
Oxygen signal and recombination electrodes developed for charge control of spacecraft nickel cadmium batteries
Carson, W. N., Jr.↗
Coulometer and third electrode battery charging circuit Patent
Development and characteristics of battery charging circuits with coulometer for control of available current
Ford, F. E.↗
The 1982 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop
Various topics concerned with advanced battery technology are addressed including lithium cell and battery safety developments, mathematical modelling, charge control of aerospace power systems, and the application of nickel hydrogen cells/batteries vis-a-vis nickel cadmium cells/batteries.
Halpert, G.↗
Automatic battery formation cycler and controller
Automatic battery formation cycler and controller to determine charge capacity and to perform charge-discharge operations for electrochemical cells intended for satellite power sources
CHARGE DISTRIBUTION↗