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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Automatic information extraction from childhood cancer pathology reports

The International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) facilitates the effective classification of a heterogeneous group of cancers in the important pediatric population. However, there has been no development of machine learning models for the ICCC classification. We developed deep learning-based information extraction models from cancer pathology reports based on the ICD-O-3 coding standard. In this article, we describe extending the models to perform ICCC classification. We developed 2 models, ICD-O-3 classification and ICCC recoding (Model 1) and direct ICCC classification (Model 2), and 4 scenarios subject to the training sample size. We evaluated these models with a corpus consisting of 29206 reports with age at diagnosis between 0 and 19 from 6 state cancer registries. Our findings suggest that the direct ICCC classification (Model 2) is substantially better than reusing the ICD-O-3 classification model (Model 1). Applying the uncertainty quantification mechanism to assess the confidence of the algorithm in assigning a code demonstrated that the model achieved a micro-F1 score of 0.987 while abstaining (not sufficiently confident to assign a code) on only 14.8% of ambiguous pathology reports. Our experimental results suggest that the machine learning-based automatic information extraction from childhood cancer pathology reports in the ICCC is a reliable means of supplementing human annotators at state cancer registries by reading and abstracting the majority of the childhood cancer pathology reports accurately and reliably.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1995

A Loader for Executing Multi-Binary Applications on the Thinking Machines CM-5: It's Not Just for SPMD Anymore

The Thinking Machines CM-5 platform was designed to run single program, multiple data (SPMD) applications, i.e., to run a single binary across all nodes of a partition, with each node possibly operating on different data. Certain classes of applications, such as multi-disciplinary computational fluid dynamics codes, are facilitated by the ability to have subsets of the partition nodes running different binaries. In order to extend the CM-5 system software to permit such applications, a multi-program loader was developed. This system is based on the dld loader which was originally developed for workstations. This paper provides a high level description of dld, and describes how it was ported to the CM-5 to provide support for multi-binary applications. Finally, it elaborates how the loader has been used to implement the CM-5 version of MPIRUN, a portable facility for running multi-disciplinary/multi-zonal MPI (Message-Passing Interface Standard) codes.

Becker, Jeffrey C.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Numerical study of high-area-ratio H2/O2 rocket nozzles

Calculations were made for high-area-ratio H2/O2 rocket nozzles by using the RPLUS code which employs an implicit finite volume, lower-upper symmetric successive over-relaxation scheme to solve the Navier-Stokes equations and the species equations in a coupled manner. The combustion processes of hydrogen and oxygen are modeled by an 8-species and 18-step reaction mechanism, and the turbulence is simulated by the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model with a pressure gradient correction on the van Driest's damping constant in the inner-layer model. The calculated results for two different rocket nozzles are presented as contours, profiles, and performance values. The predicted specific impulse and thrust agree well with the experimental data and those from the industry standard code. It is demonstrated that the RPLUS code can be used for analysis of rocket nozzles.

Kim, S. C.↗
DOE OSTI1978

Plant Engineers Solar Energy Handbook: Southern California Region

Discussed in order after the introduction are solar components and systems (collectors, storage, service hot water systems, space heating with liquid and air systems, space cooling, heat pumps and controls); computer programs for system optimization; local solar and weather data; a description of buildings and plants in Southern California applying solar technology; current Federal and California solar legislation; standards, codes and performance testing information; a listing of manufacturers, distributors, and professional services available in Southern California region; and information access. Finally, solar design check lists for those engineers who wish to design their own systems. The program for the Solar Workshop for the Plant Engineer, March 30, 1978, Los Angeles, California is included.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Comparative Analysis of HEATNETS for Geothermal Network Performance

Thermal energy networks (TENs), also known as 5th generation district energy systems, or more specifically geothermal networks when exchanging heat with geothermal boreholes, are an important technology for decarbonization. In these networks an ambient loop connects buildings and thermal sources, such as a borehole field, to exchange energy and maintain a desired loop temperature. Water-source heat pumps are used at the buildings to connect to the ambient or thermal loop to meet to the building heating and cooling loads and maintain comfort. A semi-transient, reduced-order technical model and techno-economic model, called HEATNETS, has been developed at NREL that captures the flow of energy around a TEN. In this work, a comparison of the HEATNETS technical model and a well-known coding platform used for modeling geothermal networks, TRNSYS, has been completed for a proposed geothermal network as a verification and validation process. Hourly data provided from the TRNSYS simulation included building loads, pumping power, heat pump power, temperature entering and leaving the borehole field, and mass flow rates. The hourly borehole temperatures were used to create a linear regression model utilized in HEATNETS to estimate the borehole field heat exchange. The building loads and mass flow rates were direct inputs to HEATNETS while the pumping power, heat pump power, borehole temperatures, and coefficients of performance were all simulated and calculated by HEATNETS, allowing for direct comparison of the thermal energy transfer HEATNETS considers the full process from design inputs to economic outputs and can provide modeling options for high-level initial system design and operational optimization. This study focuses on a validation of HEATNETS using results from TRNSYS. HEATNETS is not intended to replace other modeling tools, but this work demonstrates, via a comparison with an industry standard code, that HEATNETS can be a unique, high-level and rapid modeling tool for estimating the performance of a full geothermal network system.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS2005

Shuttle-Data-Tape XML Translator

JSDTImport is a computer program for translating native Shuttle Data Tape (SDT) files from American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format into databases in other formats. JSDTImport solves the problem of organizing the SDT content, affording flexibility to enable users to choose how to store the information in a database to better support client and server applications. JSDTImport can be dynamically configured by use of a simple Extensible Markup Language (XML) file. JSDTImport uses this XML file to define how each record and field will be parsed, its layout and definition, and how the resulting database will be structured. JSDTImport also includes a client application programming interface (API) layer that provides abstraction for the data-querying process. The API enables a user to specify the search criteria to apply in gathering all the data relevant to a query. The API can be used to organize the SDT content and translate into a native XML database. The XML format is structured into efficient sections, enabling excellent query performance by use of the XPath query language. Optionally, the content can be translated into a Structured Query Language (SQL) database for fast, reliable SQL queries on standard database server computers.

Barry, Matthew R.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Promoting regulatory acceptance of combined ion and neutron irradiation testing of nuclear reactor materials: Modeling and software considerations

As the needs for the nuclear energy industry continue to evolve in the 21st century, timely adoption of new technological solutions acceptable to regulatory agencies is critical. Quantitative prediction of radiation damage in materials and its impact on mechanical properties is a key component of licensing and regulatory decisions regarding nuclear power plants. Accelerated testing methodologies such as combined ion and neutron irradiation data sets are crucial for the development and deployment of new materials and new manufacturing methods (e.g., additive manufacturing). However, regulatory acceptance of accelerated testing methodologies is necessary for their adoption. Further, the present work discusses the fundamental basis for comparing ion- and neutron-induced material microstructures, the theory behind interpreting radiation damage across length and time scales and radiation types, and the codes, standards, and quality assurance concerns surrounding different modeling methods and software. In particular, recommendations are given as to the path forward that will enable national laboratories, academia, and industry to develop the modeling and software basis for regulatory acceptance of the combined use of ion and neutron irradiation for material performance evaluation.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The elphbolt ab initio solver for the coupled electron-phonon Boltzmann transport equations

elphbolt is a modern Fortran (2018 standard) code for efficiently solving the coupled electron–phonon Boltzmann transport equations from first principles. Using results from density functional and density functional perturbation theory as inputs, it can calculate the effect of the non-equilibrium phonons on the electronic transport (phonon drag) and non-equilibrium electrons on the phononic transport (electron drag) in a fully self-consistent manner and obeying the constraints mandated by thermodynamics. It can calculate the lattice, charge, and thermoelectric transport coefficients for the temperature gradient and electric fields, and the effect of the mutual electron–phonon drag on these transport properties. The code fully exploits the symmetries of the crystal and the transport-active window to allow the sampling of extremely fine electron and phonon wave vector meshes required for accurately capturing the drag phenomena. The corray feature of modern Fortran, which offers native and convenient support for parallelization, is utilized. The code is compact, readable, well-documented, and extensible by design.

electron drag↗
DOE OSTI2025

International database of reference gamma spectra for nuclear safeguards applications

Nuclear safeguards missions use gamma spectroscopy as a non-destructive measurement technique for examining nuclear materials. Despite advances in the development of detection equipment as well as software codes, one of the concerns is the lack of well-documented spectra needed to test and validate isotopic analysis codes for their applicability. To address this need, this work introduces IDB, an international database of the reference gamma spectra of uranium, plutonium and mixed oxide nuclear material samples. IDB provides access to well-characterized sets of gamma spectra described by rich metadata, including information on the sample, measurement configuration and detector specifications. These spectra are accessible in different formats, also compatible with analysis code standards, thus promoting their sustainability and maintenance.

None, Dipti [International Atomic Energy Agency (I↗
DOE OSTI2019

Implementation of ATLAS Distributed Computing monitoring dashboards using InfluxDB and Grafana

For the last 10 years, the ATLAS Distributed Computing project has based its monitoring infrastructure on a set of custom designed dashboards provided by CERN. This system functioned very well for LHC Runs 1 and 2, but its maintenance has progressively become more difficult and the conditions for Run 3, starting in 2021, will be even more demanding; hence a more standard code base and more automatic operations are needed. A new infrastructure has been provided by CERN, based on InfluxDB as the data store and Grafana as the display environment. ATLAS has adapted and further developed its monitoring tools to use this infrastructure for data and workflow management monitoring and accounting dashboards, expanding the range of previous possibilities with the aim to achieve a single, simpler, environment for all monitoring applications. This document describes these tools and the data flows for monitoring and accounting.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Approximate bounds and temperature dependence of adiabatic connection integrands for the uniform electron gas

Thermal density functional theory is commonly used in simulations of warm dense matter, a highly energetic phase characterized by substantial thermal effects and by correlated electrons demanding quantum mechanical treatment. Methods that account for temperature dependence, such as Mermin–Kohn–Sham finite-temperature density functional theory and free energy density functional theory, are now employed with more regularity and available in many standard code packages. However, approximations from zero-temperature density functional theory are still often used in temperature-dependent simulations using thermally weighted electronic densities as an input to exchange–correlation functional approximations, a practice known to miss temperature-dependent effects in the exchange–correlation free energy of these systems. Here, in this work, the temperature-dependent adiabatic connection is demonstrated and analyzed using a well-known parameterization of the uniform electron gas free energy. Useful tools based on this formalism for analyzing and constraining approximations of the exchange–correlation at zero temperature are leveraged for the finite-temperature case. Inspired by the Lieb–Oxford inequality, which provides a lower bound for the ground-state exchange–correlation energy, bounds for the exchange–correlation at finite temperatures are approximated for various degrees of electronic correlation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Efficient and Zero Net Energy-Ready Plug Loads

Plug loads are the devices plugged into common electrical outlets. Modern buildings contain hundreds of these devices which, together, are responsible for at least 25 percent of the energy use in California buildings. Energy consumed by plug loads is increasing because the “Internet of Things” is, to a great extent, the “Internet of Plug Loads.” This project developed technologies that will reduce the energy use of plug loads. Two crosscutting strategies were investigated in detail: (1) technologies to reduce standby power use to near zero, and (2) methods to increase the use of direct current (DC) as a power source. Two new approaches to reduce standby to near zero were developed and have potential applicability to a wide range of devices. Prototype DC appliances were developed to demonstrate energy savings by bypassing power supplies and avoiding other losses. Networks of DC-powered devices can save even more energy and provide other benefits, such as resiliency during power outages. A unique category of energy-using devices was identified that provide life safety, health, and security to building occupants. Their installation or use is dictated by building codes, health providers, insurance companies, and other entities—none of whom would ordinarily prioritize energy efficiency. In the case of ground fault circuit interrupts (GFCIs), savings of 80 percent appear possible, simply by adopting the most efficient designs. Home medical equipment, particularly oxygen concentrators, are a rising category of energy use where significant savings are possible. This report also reviews the codes, standards, and other policies that affect energy use of plug loads.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

H2@Airports (Workshop Summary Report)

This report serves as the proceedings of the H2@Airports Workshop held virtually by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and Department of Defense (DOD), November 4-6, 2020. Presentations from the workshop can be found at H2@Airports Workshop: https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/h2airports-workshop. The workshop was held to assess the state of the art for electric aircraft and airport applications specifically using hydrogen fuel cells, to discuss operational requirements and lessons learned on early fuel cell aviation and airport projects, to understand current technology gaps, to identify collaborative research and development (R&D) opportunities, to highlight codes, standards, safety, and regulatory challenges, and to identify potential actions that address them. Experts and stakeholders from industry, government, and academia met to discuss the current state of the art of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and the requirements for using these technologies in aviation applications and land-based applications at airports. This report summarizes the discussions and diverse opinions expressed at the workshop.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Circularity Futures Workshop Series: Summary Report

The aim of this report is to synthesize key feedback received from the three-part Circularity Futures workshop series held in Spring 2024. The workshop series was conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) on behalf of U.S. Department of Energy, Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), and was broken into three workshops: Workshop 1 - Circularity Analysis Needs and Priorities; Workshop 2 - Circularity Metrics and Indicators; and Workshop 3 - Circularity Data. Together, the workshops focused on identifying the existing priorities and gaps in the circularity modeling space, understanding different stakeholders' use and interpretation of circularity metrics and indicators, identifying common data gaps and data quality challenges, and assessing the robustness of available solutions. The workshop series brought a diverse group of stakeholders - including representatives from U.S. government offices, national labs, nonprofit organizations, industry, and academia - to collect first-hand feedback on needs, priorities, challenges and opportunities in the circularity modeling and analysis space. The workshop discussions highlighted numerous common needs, priorities and challenges among the interviewed groups. Several topics were frequently discussed, including: 1) Circularity as a pathway for sustainable economic growth: While circularity is generally defined in terms of resource conservation and reducing wasteful disposal of materials, participants agreed that circular strategies should serve broader economic, environmental, and social goals. It is therefore crucial for circularity analysis to look beyond waste reduction and instead evaluate a variety of impact metrics such as cost savings, job creation, air quality, and pollutant emissions. Mutli-criteria decision-making frameworks may be useful for making sense of disparate metrics and evaluating tradeoffs between impact categories.; 2) Economic and social factors are not well understood: Underdevelopment of existing end-of-life (EOL) management infrastructure, inconsistent standardization codes and policy space in reusing recycled content, and suboptimal collection and sorting strategies collectively contribute to uncertainty about the economic potential of circular pathways. The latter observation is consistent among all technologies but more emphasized for renewable energy systems. Social impacts of circularity practices are less understood and less researched than other sustainability aspects.; 3) Inconsistent methods for assessing emerging technologies: LCA and TEA results vary widely depending on the assumptions made with regards to market adoption of new technologies. Emerging technologies suffer limited availability of data needed to conduct a robust circularity analysis. Yet, understanding projected impacts of proposed nascent technology is a key need for different stakeholder groups.; and 4) Lack of temporally and geospatially explicit data: There is a need for open data that represents variations in circularity technologies over time and location. The lack thereof leads to aggregated and potentially misrepresented results in circularity analysis. Sensitivity analyses should be included to verify whether options perceived as more sustainable align with real-world practices.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Achieving Integrated Daylighting and Electric Lighting Systems: Current State of the Art and Needed Research

This paper presents the results of a multi-disciplinary scoping study, the goals of which were to see the seamless integration and application of light in buildings, regardless of source, that is purposely modulated to illuminate surfaces and designed in a way that is comfortable, healthy, pleasing, cost effective, and energy efficient. The scoping study was performed in order to set the stage for transforming the design and realization of lighting systems integration (daylight and electric). This, in turn, will support achieving the the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO) long-term energy savings goals. Holistic lighting systems of the future should include components that are adaptable to change, resilient to disruption, and robust. The system of codes, standards, guidelines, and contracts employed to design and implement lighting systems should be structured to help them to flourish, rather than being barriers to realization. Finally, the research thrusts and mechanisms should be engaged with these goals in mind. While integrated lighting systems may reduce lighting energy use in buildings, a broader web of non-energy impacts affecting occupant’s overall health, comfort, and satisfaction may also guide technology investment goals when the entire lighting systems lifecycle is considered. Daylighting systems are separated from electric lighting systems, and both are characteristically detached from other systems such as safety, security, communications, and information systems. Being disconnected from the inputs and outputs of other building systems precludes the ability to acquire and utilize information about occupation, status of systems, and interior and exterior environmental conditions. The outcome of this separation is that the standard building is not fulfilling the potential for creating dynamic and holistic lighting for building occupants.

Davis, Robert G.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Comparison of rate one-half, equivalent constraint length 24, binary convolutional codes for use with sequential decoding on the deep-space channel

Virtually all previously-suggested rate 1/2 binary convolutional codes with KE = 24 are compared. Their distance properties are given; and their performance, both in computation and in error probability, with sequential decoding on the deep-space channel is determined by simulation. Recommendations are made both for the choice of a specific KE = 24 code as well as for codes to be included in future coding standards for the deep-space channel. A new result given in this report is a method for determining the statistical significance of error probability data when the error probability is so small that it is not feasible to perform enough decoding simulations to obtain more than a very small number of decoding errors.

Massey, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

A procedure for merging land cover/use data from Landsat, aerial photography, and map sources - Compatibility, accuracy and cost

A method is developed to merge land cover/use data from Landsat, aerial photography and map sources into a grid-based geographic information system. The method basically involves computer-assisted categorization of Landsat data to provide certain user-specified land cover categories; manual interpretation of aerial photography to identify other selected land cover/use categories that cannot be obtained from Landsat data; identification of special features from aerial photography or map sources; merging of the interpreted data from all the sources into a computer compatible file under a standardized coding structure; and the production of land cover/use maps, thematic maps, and tabular data. The specific tasks accomplished in producing the merged land cover/use data file and subsequent output products are identified and discussed. It is shown that effective implementation of the merging method is critically dependent on selecting the 'best' data source for each user-specified category in terms of accuracy and time/cost tradeoffs.

Enslin, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Detailed description of the HP-9825A HFRMP trajectory processor (TRAJ)

The computer code for the trajectory processor of the HP-9825A High Fidelity Relative Motion Program is described in detail. The processor is a 12-degrees-of-freedom trajectory integrator which can be used to generate digital and graphical data describing the relative motion of the Space Shuttle Orbiter and a free-flying cylindrical payload. Coding standards and flow charts are given and the computational logic is discussed.

Kindall, S. M.↗