Effect of iron and silica nanoparticles’ size on in vitro human skin binding and penetration
This in vitro skin study determined absorption, diffusion, and binding rates of four [14C]-labeled nanoparticles (NPs): 12 nm Fe 3 O 4 , 32 nm Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , 33 nm SiO 2 , and 78 nm SiO 2 in each layer of human cadaver skin. In vitro microdialysis device and flow-through skin diffusion system were used to measure the binding affinity to the stratum corneum (SC) and permeability into/through skin layer of the four NPs with different physical–chemical properties, respectively, in short (30 min) and/or long (24 hours) exposures. Results show that NP size is an important factor affecting NP percutaneous absorption. The 12 nm Fe 3 O 4 NPs reached the SC and viable epidermis; 32 nm Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core/shell NPs only reached SC. However, 33 nm and 78 nm silica NPs did not permeate SC. Similar patterns were observed for NP binding affinity to SC and dermatopharmacokinetic analysis using the tape stripping method. The binding affinity determination may be a useful method to efficiently screen skin penetration of NPs.