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NASA NTRS2026

Glenn Research Center Propulsion Systems Laboratory 2026 Customer Guide

This guide describes the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) at the NASA Glenn Research Center. It was written to help customers understand the various components involved in conducting a test program within the PSL. The PSL complex supports two large-engine test cells that simulate altitude flight conditions for a wide range of research and experimental tests. These test cells operate at altitudes up to 90,000 ft and speeds from subsonic to above supersonic. Test points such as pressure, temperature, and Mach number can be set at the engine or test article inlet based on customer requirements. The facility’s support systems include the heated and cooled combustion air systems; altitude exhaust system; hydraulic system; nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen systems; thrust measurement system, which includes the facility’s single- and multi-axis thrust stands; inlet system; and electrical systems. In addition to providing a detailed description of PSL systems and capabilities, this guide discusses the facility’s history and past tests and addresses facility safety procedures, pretest requirements, and test operation standards.

Engine Icing Test Facility↗

DOE OSTI2018

Impact of Alternative Rate Structures on Distributed Solar Customer Electricity Bills

Electric utilities are increasingly proposing changes to residential rate structures, in order to address concerns about their inability to recover fixed system costs from customers with grid connected distributed generation. The most common proposals have been to increase fixed charges, set minimum bills or instigate residential demand charges. This presentation provides results of an analysis to explore how these rate design alternatives impact electricity bills for PV and non-PV customers.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2018

3D Printing of Customized Li‐Ion Batteries with Thick Electrodes

Abstract The growing demand for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with higher capacity in customized geometries underscores the need for new battery materials, architectures, and assembly strategies. Here, the design, fabrication, and electrochemical performance of fully 3D printed LIBs composed of thick semisolid electrodes that exhibit high areal capacity are reported. Specifically, semisolid cathode and anode inks, as well as UV curable packaging and separator inks for direct writing of LIBs in arbitrary geometries are created. These fully 3D printed and packaged LIBs, which are encased between two glassy carbon current collectors, deliver an areal capacity of 4.45 mAh cm −2 at a current density of 0.14 mA cm −2 , which is equivalent to 17.3 Ah L −1 . The ability to produce high‐performance LIBs in customized form factors opens new avenues for integrating batteries directly within 3D printed objects.

Wei, Teng‐Sing↗

DOE OSTI2019

Nonnegative tensor decomposition with custom clustering for microphase separation of block copolymers

High–dimensional datasets are becoming ubiquitous in many applications and therefore unsupervised tensor methods to interrogate them are needed. Here, we report a new unsupervised machine learning (ML) approach (NTFk) based on nonnegative tensor factorization integrated with a custom k–means clustering. We demonstrate the ability of NTFk to extracting temporal and spatial features of phase separation of copolymers as they are modeled by self–consistent field theory. Microphase separation of block copolymers has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. However, the interpretation of computer simulations and/or experimental data, representing temporal and spatial changes of molecular species concentration is still a challenging task. Thus, extracting the phase diagram from simulations or experimental data as well as the interpretation of data requires discernment of the model/experimental parameters (such as, temperature, concentrations, the number of molecular species and the interaction between species) impact on the microphase separation process. An attractive and unique aspect of the introduced ML method is that it ensures the nonnegativity of the extracted latent features. Nonnegativity is an essential constraint needed to obtain interpretable and sparse latent features that are parts–based representation of the data. The custom clustering in NTFk serves to estimate the number of latent features in the data.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

A class of customized proximal point algorithms for linearly constrained convex optimization

In this paper, we propose a class of customized proximal point algorithms for linearly constrained convex optimization problems. The algorithms are implementable, provided that the proximal operator of the objective function is easy to evaluate. We show that, with special setting of the algorithmic scalar, our algorithms contain the customized proximal point algorithm (He et al., Optim Appl 56:559–572, 2013), the linearized augmented Lagrangian method (Yang and Yuan, Math Comput 82:301–329, 2013), the Bregman Operator Splitting algorithm (Zhang et al., SIAM J Imaging Sci 3:253–276, 2010) as special cases. The global convergence and worst-case convergence rate measured by the iteration complexity are established for the proposed algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate that the algorithms work well for a wide range of the scalar.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

Developing an integrated hub location and revenue management model considering multi-classes of customers in the airline industry

The hub location and revenue management problems are two interesting research fields in the transportation and network design studies. The hub location model designs the transportation network structure and the revenue management model allocates the network’s capacity for customer classes based on their sensitivity to prices. In this paper, we consider the integrated hub location and revenue management problem in the airline industry to maximize the revenue of transportation network and minimize hub installation costs. p hubs have been chosen from a set of n nodes and connected to a central node based on star–star network design. The capacity of the installed links between the hubs and the central node and the hubs and non-hub nodes is limited. This limited capacity has been allocated to the stochastic demands of customer classes using the revenue management approach. A two-stage stochastic model has been derived to determine the locations of hubs and protection levels in the ticket sale process, and an efficient modification of genetic algorithm has been proposed for the large-scale problems. Numerical experiments have been carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

Improving the estimated cost of sustained power interruptions to electricity customers

Electricity reliability and resiliency have become a topic of heightened interest in recent years in the United States. As utilities, regulators, and policymakers determine how to achieve optimal levels of electricity reliability while considering how best to prepare for future disruptions in power, the related issue of how much it costs when customers lose power remains a largely unanswered question. In 2006, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory developed an end-use based framework that estimates the cost of power interruptions in the U.S that has served as a foundational paper using the best available, yet far from perfect, information at that time. Since then, an abundance of work has been done to improve the quality and availability of information that now allow us to make a much more robust assessment of the cost of power interruptions to U.S. customers. In this paper, we find that the total U.S. cost of sustained power interruptions is 44 billion dollars per year (2015-) -25% more than the 26 billion dollars per year in 2002- (or 35 billion dollars per year in 2015-) estimated in our 2006 study.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Improving the economics of battery storage for industrial customers: Are incentives enough to increase adoption?

As adoption of behind-the-meter battery energy storage increases across the United States, implementation continues to lag in the industrial sector. This analysis considers two manufacturing facilities with potential for load shifting to reduce peak demand. Although both facilities have load profiles that demonstrate great potential for regular and programmed demand reduction during peak hours, battery energy storage was deemed prohibitively expensive. A review of several existing utility and state-level policies and incentives determined that few may be rightsized for the industrial customer class. Furthermore, this analysis further considers multiple incentive structures and finds that although incentives increase viability of energy storage, developers must also consider optimization, unique load profiles, and use case to effectively increase adoption of battery energy storage by industrial customers.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2022

Alternative Ratemaking in the US: A Prerequisite for Grid Modernization or an Unwarranted Shift of Risk to Customers?

With increasing frequency, investor-owned electric utilities are requesting preferred cost recovery for "grid modernization" in multiple forms, from multi-year rate plans to riders. Utilities' claims that massive grid investment is necessary, and that exceptional investment requires exceptional cost recovery, are typically accepted by policymakers with little challenge. It is difficult for policymakers to resist the siren call of grid modernization's perceived outcomes, from improved reliability and resilience to reduced risks to safety and new customer technology adoption (electric vehicles, distributed energy resources, and more). This paper provides a contrarian viewpoint that is virtually absent as policymakers consider alternative ratemaking practices. It introduces the possibility that excess grid investment in the name of modernization is not only possible, and economically harmful, but has already occurred, encouraged by alternative ratemaking. It provides examples of common grid modernization expenditures the authors have identified as cost-ineffective in the course of their work. It also describes traditional grid planning practices with proven ability to address changing requirements over time, calling into question the need for exceptional grid modernization investment plans. Most important, the paper explains the moral hazard inherent in alternative ratemaking, and the fundamental shift in ratemaking risks and responsibilities from utilities to customers that results. The perspectives this paper presents are critical for policymakers to understand before adopting, extending, or expanding alternative ratemaking practices in their respective jurisdictions.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,POWER TRANSMI↗

DOE OSTI2020

Customized Chiral Colloids

This contribution describes a synthetic strategy for the fabrication of multicomponent colloidal “molecules” with controllable complex morphologies and compositionally distinct lobes. Using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacry-late (TPM) as the building block, the methodology enables a scalable bulk synthesis of customized chiral colloidal particles with geometric and compositional chirality by sequential seeded growth method. Finally, the synthetic protocol presents a versatile platform for constructing colloidal molecules with multiple components having customized shapes and functionalities, with the potential to impact the design of chromatic patchy particles, colloidal swimmers and chiral optical materials, as well as informing programmable assembly.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2021

Rapid custom prototyping of soft poroelastic biosensor for simultaneous epicardial recording and imaging

Abstract The growing need for the implementation of stretchable biosensors in the body has driven rapid prototyping schemes through the direct ink writing of multidimensional functional architectures. Recent approaches employ biocompatible inks that are dispensable through an automated nozzle injection system. However, their application in medical practices remains challenged in reliable recording due to their viscoelastic nature that yields mechanical and electrical hysteresis under periodic large strains. Herein, we report sponge-like poroelastic silicone composites adaptable for high-precision direct writing of custom-designed stretchable biosensors, which are soft and insensitive to strains. Their unique structural properties yield a robust coupling to living tissues, enabling high-fidelity recording of spatiotemporal electrophysiological activity and real-time ultrasound imaging for visual feedback. In vivo evaluations of custom-fit biosensors in a murine acute myocardial infarction model demonstrate a potential clinical utility in the simultaneous intraoperative recording and imaging on the epicardium, which may guide definitive surgical treatments.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Custom tuning of Rieske oxygenase reactivity

Rieske oxygenases use a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster and a mononuclear iron center to initiate a range of chemical transformations. However, few details exist regarding how this catalytic scaffold can be predictively tuned to catalyze divergent reactions. Therefore, in this work, using a combination of structural analyses, as well as substrate and rational protein-based engineering campaigns, we elucidate the architectural trends that govern catalytic outcome in the Rieske monooxygenase TsaM. We identify structural features that permit a substrate to be functionalized by TsaM and pinpoint active-site residues that can be targeted to manipulate reactivity. Exploiting these findings allowed for custom tuning of TsaM reactivity: substrates are identified that support divergent TsaM-catalyzed reactions and variants are created that exclusively catalyze dioxygenation or sequential monooxygenation chemistry. Importantly, we further leverage these trends to tune the reactivity of additional monooxygenase and dioxygenase enzymes, and thereby provide strategies to custom tune Rieske oxygenase reaction outcomes.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

AXI4MLIR: User-Driven Automatic Host Code Generation for Custom AXI-Based Accelerators

Tensor algebra operations represent an important class of algorithms used across many applications, including machine learning, scientific computing, and data analytics. As a result, the efficient generation of custom accelerators for tensor operations has received increased attention. Previous efforts have produced automated tools enabling users to prototype and explore optimized accelerators. However, little effort has been focused on the host-accelerator interaction in these tools. Efficient use of hardware accelerators requires knowledge about the accelerator's capabilities (operations, data formats, and opcode support), the host CPU microarchitecture (e.g., memory hierarchy), the host-accelerator interface, and the application's features (which code regions should be mapped onto an accelerator). Manually rewriting the original applications to facilitate improved custom accelerator mapping is an error-prone and time-consuming endeavor. To cope with this, we propose AXI4MLIR, a new framework to automatically generate and optimize the communication between the host CPU and arbitrary accelerators that implement linear algebra algorithms. AXI4MLIR extends the MLIR compiler framework to automatically generate efficient host-accelerator driver code for accelerators with AXI-based interfaces. Our compiler extensions enable automatic driver code generation while carefully considering the host's memory hierarchy and target accelerator features. To demonstrate the flexibility and utility of AXI4MLIR, we test it with diverse use cases that include different types of accelerators, tiling scenarios, and dataflow schemes. We compare our experimental results to manual implementations of host-accelerator driver code and find that our approach can reduce CPU cache references by 56% and deliver up to a 1.65x speedup.

Bohm Agostini, Nicolas↗

DOE OSTI2019

Three‐dimensional custom‐made carbon‐fiber prosthesis for sternal reconstruction after sarcoma resection

Radical resection is the preferred therapy for primary malignant sternal tumors. Sternal reconstruction is required to guarantee the best preservation of respiratory mechanics, and adequate mediastinal protection and acceptable cosmetic results after extensive tumor resection. A wide variety of methods and materials have been described for sternal reconstruction. Titanium implants are preferred by many surgeons because of their optimal features. However, the smooth surface of the metal prostheses does not facilitate the inward growth of the tissue, and the high density of metal can block the X‐ray and cause adverse effects on postoperative imaging and radiotherapy. Therefore, in this article we present a case of sternal reconstruction by means of a three dimensional (3D) custom‐made carbon‐fiber prosthesis following extensive resection of a sternal synovial sarcoma. The microporous structure on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material facilitates the inward growth of the tissue. Low density (1.5 g/cm 3 ) of carbon‐fiber implant will not block the X‐ray and eliminates the adverse effects caused by metal material of postoperative imaging and radiotherapy. The 3D custom‐made carbon‐fiber prosthesis matched the thoracic defect perfectly and the chest wall reconstruction was stable for more than 24 months.

Wang, Bin↗

DOE OSTI2024

Custom ORIGEN Libraries for Tritium Production in Discrete Burnable Absorbers

The ORIGEN module in SCALE is a common method of performing quick depletion and irradiation calculations of various materials in light-water reactors. However, these analyses depend on the neutron spectra in the ARP libraries being accurate for the situation presented. When using insertable burnable absorbers in a LWR with Li-6 in order to produce tritium, the neutron spectrum is highly different than those in the default libraries in ORIGEN, which leads to significant mispredictions in tritium production. Therefore, custom libraries are required, and when comparing to lattice physics codes (CASMO5 and WIMS10) with ORIGEN, using custom libraries is much more accurate than using the default libraries.

Ivanusa, Pavlo↗

DOE OSTI2017

The Gem Infrasound Logger and Custom-Built Instrumentation

Here, we designed, built, and recorded data with a custom infrasound logger (referred to as the Gem) that is inexpensive, portable, and easy to use. We also describe its design process, qualities, and applications in this article. Field instrumentation is a key element of geophysical data collection, and the quantity and quality of data that can be recorded is determined largely by the characteristics of the instruments used. Geophysicists tend to rely on commercially available instruments, which suffice for many important types of fieldwork. However, commercial instrumentation can fall short in certain roles, which motivates the development of custom sensors and data loggers. Particularly, we found existing data loggers to be expensive and inconvenient for infrasound campaigns, and developed the Gem infrasound logger in response. In this article, we discuss development of this infrasound logger and the various uses found for it, including projects on volcanoes, high-altitude balloons, and rivers. Further, we demonstrate that when needed, scientists can feasibly design and build their own specialized instruments, and that doing so can enable them to record more and better data at a lower cost.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2017

Solar + Storage Synergies for Managing Commercial-Customer Demand Charges

We study the synergies between behind-the-meter solar and storage in reducing commercial-customer demand charges. This follows two previous studies that examined demand charge savings for stand-alone solar in both the residential and commercial sectors. In this study we show that solar and storage show consistent synergies for demand charge management, that the magnitude of reductions are highly customer-specific, and that the magnitude of savings is influenced by the design of the electricity tariff.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2016

Utilities Power Change: Engaging Commercial Customers in Workplace Charging

Using electricity to power vehicles can help advance energy security and reduce emissions, and also presents a new market opportunity for utilities looking to diversify and offer an added benefit to commercial customers. By providing plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging stations for their employees, commercial customers can help attract and retain a cutting-edge workforce. These employers also signal a commitment to sustainability and demonstrate progressive leadership and a willingness to adopt advanced technology.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗