Nucleon form factors in dispersively improved chiral effective field theory. II. Electromagnetic form factors
Not Available
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
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Non-routine adjustments – towards standardizing M&V approach for quantifying the effects of static factors
The success of an energy management program relies on ensuring that the energy savings can be verified with an adequate level of certainty. Energy savings cannot be directly measured and hence have to be deduced by comparing the pre-retrofit energy consumption with post-retrofit energy consumption data adjusted to account for differences in conditions. These adjustments are needed, since conditions that influence energy consumption may not stay the same between pre- and postinstallation phase of the project. These adjustments can often be routine when accounting for factors like production volume and weather that are expected to change and are included in the energy consumption adjustment model. Existing measurement and verification (M&V) resources and guidance mostly concentrate on developing models for routine adjustment of one or more factors that normally change. On the other hand, there are factors (static) like product mix, operating hours, gross square area, etc. that are assumed to stay constant during normal conditions. However, in order to adapt to dynamic market conditions, the industries are forced to react thereby leading to changes to these static factors. Identifying these static factors that warrant adjustment, called non-routine event, along with quantifying their effect on energy consumption can be complex and lack of proper guidance can exacerbate this issue. This paper reviews some of the current work in terms of how non-routine events are defined, characterized, detected and quantified based on a review of existing M&V guidelines, protocols and other relevant literature. This work also reviewed some of the existing non-routine events and adjustment practices to understand how these different aspects are addressed along with a discussion on some of the key challenges and gaps in the current guidance.
Earni, Shankar↗
Kinetics of the Reaction of the Heaviest Hydrogen Atom with H2, the 4Heμ + H2 -> 4HeμΗ + H Reaction: Experiments, Accurate Quantal Calculations, and Variational Transition State Theory, including Kinetic Isotope Effects for a Factor of 36.1 in Isotopic Mass
The neutral muonic helium atom {sup 4}He{mu}, in which one of the electrons of He is replaced by a negative muon, may be effectively regarded as the heaviest isotope of the hydrogen atom, with a mass of 4.115 amu. We report details of the first muon spin rotation ({mu}SR) measurements of the chemical reaction rate constant of {sup 4}He{mu} with molecular hydrogen, {sup 4}He{mu} + H{sub 2} {yields} {sup 4}He{mu}H + H, at temperatures of 295.5, 405, and 500 K, as well as a {mu}SR measurement of the hyperfine coupling constant of muonic He at high pressures. The experimental rate constants, k{sub He{mu}}, are compared with the predictions of accurate quantum mechanical (QM) dynamics calculations carried out on a well converged Born-Huang (BH) potential energy surface, based on complete configuration interaction calculations and including a Born-Oppenheimer diagonal correction. At the two highest measured temperatures the agreement between the quantum theory and experiment is good to excellent, well within experimental uncertainties that include an estimate of possible systematic error, but at 295.5 K the quantum calculations for k{sub He{mu}} are below the experimental value by 2.1 times the experimental uncertainty estimates. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Variational transition state theory calculations with multidimensional tunneling have also been carried out for k{sub He{mu}} on the BH surface, and they agree with the accurate QM rate constants to within 30% over a wider temperature range of 200-1000 K. Comparisons between theory and experiment are also presented for the rate constants for both the D + H{sub 2} and Mu + H{sub 2} reactions in a novel study of kinetic isotope effects for the H + H{sub 2} reactions over a factor of 36.1 in isotopic mass of the atomic reactant.
08 HYDROGEN↗
Atalante research facility new mass limits in a unit containing plutonium and minor actinides - 14402
ATALANTE, located in Marcoule, is one of the main Nuclear Facilities of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). This facility is mainly dedicated to research and development for nuclear energy related to the back end of the fuel cycle: spent fuel and final waste management. It is a large research complex housing chemistry and analytical laboratories and shielded cells (240 glove boxes and 11 shielded cells), equipped for basic studies through to demonstration experiments. Within the facility, one unit can contain plutonium and curium at the same time. In this case, nuclear criticality safety is achieved by exercising control over mass. A subcritical mass limit is defined for plutonium (280 g for {sup 239}Pu) and an exemption mass limit (3 g for {sup 245}Cm) is used for the actinide. In order to increase the maximum mass (in particular {sup 245}Cm) which can be handled in the unit, new mass control limits were studied, based on control over the sum of the mass ratio to the upper subcritical mass, noted m{sub lim}, for each nuclide (350 g for {sup 239}Pu; 34.8 g or 23 g for {sup 245}Cm) as shown in equation (1) below. m({sup 239}Pu)/ m{sub lim}({sup 239}Pu)+ m({sup 245}Cm)/m{sub lim}({sup 245}Cm)≤1 (1) To validate this criticality safety control method, a study was conducted to demonstrate that, for different masses of {sup 239}Pu and {sup 245}Cm meeting equation (1), the calculated effective multiplication factor is always lower than the effective multiplication factor corresponding to a sphere of 350 g of pure {sup 239}Pu, moderated, with 20 cm water reflection. The two pseudo fissile media are: - metallic plutonium (100% {sup 239}Pu, density 19.86), moderated with water, - metallic curium (100% {sup 245}Cm, density 13.566), moderated with water. The calculation model is a sphere of {sup 245}Cm metal positioned in a sphere of {sup 239}Pu metal, with optimum moderation for each fissile material, and a full water reflection (20 cm). The results show that, under certain conditions, the effective multiplication factor of the mixture can be higher than the effective multiplication factor of each pure fissile material when using the upper subcritical mass of 34.8 g for {sup 245}Cm. When using 23 g of {sup 245}Cm, the k{sub eff} of the mixture is always lower than the k{sub eff} of pure {sup 239}Pu. These calculations enable the safety documentation to be changed by introducing a new process operational procedure, based on equation (1). This change in procedure allows the operator to work with a larger quantity of curium in the unit. (authors)
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Effects of geometric factors and shear band patterns on notch sensitivity in bulk metallic glasses
Our recent experiments in notched bulk metallic glasses have found reduced, or insensitive, or improved strengths, while in many of these cases the ductile strain prior to final failure is enhanced. First, although the inverse notch effect is explained by a shift from shear localization to cavitation failure, it is suggested in this work that the synergistic effect between cohesive fracture at the notched area and shear bands emanating from the notch roots may extend the parametric space for the notch insensitive behavior. Second, the dependence of shear band patterns on notch geometric factors is determined by the Rudnicki-Rice theory and the free-volume-based finite element simulations. Our results suggest conditions for shear band multiplication to take place and for the shear-localization-induced failure to be delayed.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Path integral factorization and the gravitational effective action
Abstract We discuss the factorization and continuity properties of fields in the Euclidean gravitational path integral with higher dimension operators constructed from powers of the Riemann tensor. We construct the boundary terms corresponding to the microcanonical ensemble and show that the saddle point approximation to the path integral with a quasilocal energy constraint generally yields a saddle point with discontinuous temperature. This extends a previous result for the Euclidean Schwarzschild–de Sitter geometry in Einstein gravity and shows that it is robust against at least some types of quantum corrections from heavy fields. As an application, we compute the entropy of SdS in D = 4 using the BTZ method. Our result matches the entropy calculated using Wald’s formula.
Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
Free fermion entanglement with a semitransparent interface: the effect of graybody factors on entanglement islands
We study the entanglement entropy of free fermions in 2d in the presence of a partially transmitting interface that splits Minkowski space into two half-spaces. We focus on the case of a single interval that straddles the defect, and compute its entanglement entropy in three limits: Perturbing away from the fully transmitting and fully reflecting cases, and perturbing in the amount of asymmetry of the interval about the defect. Using these results within the setup of the Poincaré patch of AdS _2 2 statically coupled to a zero temperature flat space bath, we calculate the effect of a partially transmitting AdS _2 2 boundary on the location of the entanglement island region. The partially transmitting boundary is a toy model for black hole graybody factors. Our results indicate that the entanglement island region behaves in a monotonic fashion as a function of the transmission/reflection coefficient at the interface.
Kruthoff, Jorrit↗
Discovery of a Highly Potent and Broadly Effective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and HER2 Exon 20 Insertion Mutant Inhibitor
Abstract not provided
Jang, Jaebong↗
Can acceptable quality angel food cakes be made using pasteurized shell eggs? The effects of mixing factors on functional properties of angel food cakes
Due to recent Salmonella outbreaks, the pasteurized shell egg market is rapidly growing. One objection to using pasteurized eggs is the belief that they will produce unacceptable angel food cakes. Eggs were pasteurized using a hot water immersion process (56.7°C for 60 min) similar to that used by industry. Angel food cakes were made from the pasteurized egg white (PEW) as well as from raw egg white (REW) for comparison. Meringues were made using three mixer speed settings (low, medium, and high) and three durations for each speed. Functional qualities such as egg foaming were evaluated. Angel food cakes were compared in terms of cake volume, texture profile, and color values. When the optimal processing factors used for REW were applied to PEW, an inferior meringue was formed. However, by increasing the mixing time for PEW by 200% at the highest speed, an acceptable meringue was formed. The best angel food cake prepared from PEW had a volume only 6.8% less than that of the best cake prepared from REW. Texture profile analyses showed that the best angel food cake made from PEW was 13% firmer, 7.4% less springy, and 62% chewier than that from REW. Color analyses showed that PEW made a slightly darker colored cake crust than REW, although there were no significant differences in the crumb color. Modifying the mixing conditions for PEW resulted in angel food cakes with quality similar to that of cakes made with REW, thus overcoming an objection to using safer pasteurized shell eggs.
Food Science & Technology↗
Inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E is effective against chemo-resistance in colon and cervical cancer
Highlights: • eIF4E inhibition sensitizes cancer cell response to chemotherapy. • eIF4E inhibition effectively targets chemo-resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. • eIF4E inhibition suppresses c-Myc and VEGF translation in chemo-resistant cancer cells. Although cancer patients initially respond well to chemotherapy, they eventually develop resistance and relapse. In this work, we demonstrate that eIF4E-targeting therapy is a potential sensitizing strategy for overcoming chemoresistance and progression in cancer. We show that ribavirin, an anti-viral drug and pharmacological eIF4E inhibitor, effectively inhibits proliferation and decreases viability of paclitaxel-resistant cervical cancer and 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells while is less toxic to human fibroblast cells. Importantly, oral administration of ribavirin significantly inhibits paclitaxel-resistant colon and 5-FU-resistant cervical cancer growth in xenograft mouse cancer model without causing significant toxicity in mice. Consistently, combination of ribavirin with paclitaxel or 5-FU sensitizes colon and cervical cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents treatment in vitro and in vivo. We further confirm that the mechanism of the action of ribavirin in chemoresistant cancer cells is through suppressing eIF4E function. In addition, specific eIF4E knockdown via two independent siRNA mimics the effects of ribavirin in chemoresistant colon and cervical cancer cells. Cell cycle analysis indicate that ribavirin enhances the anti-proliferative effect of 5-FU by additionally arresting cells at G2/M phase via increasing cyclin B1, p-histone H3(Ser10) and Mad2 levels. Our work demonstrates that eIF4E inhibition using inhibitor or siRNA, either as single agent or in combination, could sensitize chemoresistant cancer cells to paclitaxel or 5-FU treatment and thereby improving the efficacy of chemodrug. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic value of inhibiting eIF4E, particularly in chemoresistant cancers. Our findings also suggest ribavirin as a promising sensitizing drug for cancer treatment.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Effect of multiple factors on preformed particle gel placement, dehydration, and plugging performance in partially open fractures
Not Available
Wang, Ze (ORCID:0000000244827515)↗
Effect of Dosimetric Factors on Occurrence and Volume of Temporal Lobe Necrosis Following Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study
Purpose: To determine dosimetric risk factors for the occurrence of temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) among nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and to investigate the impact of dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters on the volume of TLN lesions (V-N). Methods and Materials: Forty-three NPC patients who had developed TLN following IMRT and 43 control subjects free of TLN were retrospectively assessed. DVH parameters included maximum dose (Dmax), minimum dose (Dmin), mean dose (Dmean), absolute volumes receiving specific dose (Vds) from 20 to 76 Gy (V20-V76), and doses covering certain volumes (Dvs) from 0.25 to 6.0 cm{sup 3} (D0.25-D6.0). V-Ns were quantified with axial magnetic resonance images. Results: DVH parameters were ubiquitously higher in temporal lobes with necrosis than in healthy temporal lobes. Increased Vds and Dvs were significantly associated with higher risk of TLN occurrence (P<.05). In particular, Vds at a dose of ≥70 Gy were found with the highest odds ratios. A common increasing trend was detected between V-N and DVH parameters through trend tests (P for trend of <.05). Linear regression analysis showed that V45 had the strongest predictive power for V-N (adjusted R{sup 2} = 0.305, P<.0001). V45 of <15.1 cm{sup 3} was relatively safe as the dose constraint for preventing large TLN lesions with V-N of >5 cm{sup 3}. Conclusions: Dosimetric parameters are significantly associated with TLN occurrence and the extent of temporal lobe injury. To better manage TLN, it would be important to avoid both focal high dose and moderate dose delivered to a large area in TLs.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Dose-Volume Effects and Risk Factors for Late Diarrhea in Cervix Cancer Patients After Radiochemotherapy With Image Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy in the EMBRACE I Study
To evaluate patient- and treatment-related risk factors associated with incidence and persistence of late diarrhea after radiochemotherapy and image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) in locally advanced cervical cancer.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Protective effect of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 on inflammatory cytokine response to brominated diphenyl ether-47 in the HTR-8/SVneo human first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used flame retardants, and BDE-47 is a prevalent PBDE congener detected in human tissues. Exposure to PBDEs has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans. Although the underlying mechanisms of adverse birth outcomes are poorly understood, critical roles for oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated. The present study investigated antioxidant responses in a human extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, and examined the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an antioxidative transcription factor, in BDE-47-induced inflammatory responses in the cells. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with 5, 10, 15, and 20 μM BDE-47 for 24 h increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels compared to solvent control. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with 20 μM BDE-47 for 24 h induced the antioxidant response element (ARE) activity, indicating Nrf2 transactivation by BDE-47 treatment, and resulted in differential expression of redox-sensitive genes compared to solvent control. Pretreatment with tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) or sulforaphane, known Nrf2 inducers, reduced BDE-47-stimulated IL-6 release with increased ARE reporter activity, reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) reporter activity, increased GSH production, and stimulated expression of antioxidant genes compared to non-Nrf2 inducer pretreated groups, suggesting that Nrf2 may play a protective role against BDE-47-mediated inflammatory responses in HTR-8/SVneo cells. These results suggest that Nrf2 activation significantly attenuated BDE-47-induced IL-6 release by augmentation of cellular antioxidative system via upregulation of Nrf2 signaling pathways, and that Nrf2 induction may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with toxicant-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. - Highlights: • BDE-47 stimulated ARE reporter activity and GSH production. • BDE-47 resulted in differential expression of redox-sensitive genes. • Nrf2 inducers upregulated Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress responses. • Nrf2 inducers reduced BDE-47-stimulated IL-6 release and NF-κB activity.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Effects of Schmid factor and slip nucleation on deformation mechanism in columnar-grained nanotwinned Ag and Cu
Not Available
Borovikov, Valery↗