Structure-property relationships and mobility optimization in sputtered La-doped BaSn O 3 films: Toward 100cm 2 V -1 s -1
he wide band gap semiconducting perovskite BaSnO 3 is of high current interest due to outstanding room temperature mobility at high electron density, fueled by potential applications in oxide, transparent, and power electronics. Due in part to a lack of lattice-matched substrates, BaSnO 3 thin films suffer from high defect densities, however, limiting electron mobility. Additionally, the vast majority of BaSnO 3 thin film research has focused on pulsed laser deposition or molecular beam epitaxy. In this work, we present an exhaustive optimization of the mobility of Ba 0.98 La 0.02 SnO 3 films grown by a scalable, high-throughput method: high-pressure-oxygen sputter deposition. Considering target synthesis conditions, substrate selection, buffer layer structure, deposition temperature, deposition rate, thickness, and postdeposition annealing conditions, and by combining high-resolution x-ray diffraction, reciprocal space mapping, rocking curve analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and temperature-dependent electronic transport measurements, detailed understanding of synthesis-structure-property relationships is attained. Optimized room temperature mobility of 96 cm 2 V –1 s –1 is achieved in vacuum-annealed GdScO 3 (110)/BaSnO 3 (120 nm)/Ba 0.98 La 0.02 SnO 3 (200 nm) heterostructures, as well as 92 cm 2 V –1 s –1 on unbuffered substrates and 87 2 V –1 s –1 without postdeposition annealing. These results, including important trends in defect densities and a surprising dependence of mobility on lattice mismatch, substantially expand the understanding of the interplay between deposition conditions, microstructure, and transport in doped BaSnO 3 films, establishing competitive mobilities in films fabricated via a scalable, high-throughput, industry-standard technique.