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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

1994 Household Travel Survey

The Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments/National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board (COG/TPB) periodically conducts regional household travel surveys to monitor changes in daily travel and to gather information on the demographic, socioeconomic, and trip-making characteristics of Washington, D.C.-area residents. Information collected in the 1994 Household Travel Survey was an important component in the development of regional travel demand forecasting models used to predict changes in daily travel in response to current development trends and changes in regional transportation policies and programs. In two waves during the spring and fall of 1994, consultants for COG/TPB conducted a survey of daily travel by persons living in area households. The survey file contains travel information associated with 4,863 households residing in 13 jurisdictions comprising the greater Washington, D.C., region (approximately a 1-in-300 sample). The survey file contains 39,800 internal trip records with respect to the expanded cordon.

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2026

1993 Tucson Household Travel Survey

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) conducted a Tucson Household Travel Survey in 1993. ADOT conducts such surveys every five to seven years, providing an essential snapshot of transportation behaviors and trends by asking how members of a household get around on a single day. The answers helped state, local, and federal officials decide when, where, and how to invest limited transportation funding to improve roads, public transportation, sidewalks, bike paths, and more. Demographic, socioeconomic, and travel information was gathered from 4,564 participants associated with 1,913 households. Participants received travel logs to record where members of their household went on an assigned travel day.

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2026

2000 Tucson Household Travel Survey

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) conducted a Tucson Household Travel Survey in 2000. ADOT conducts such surveys every five to seven years, providing an essential snapshot of transportation behaviors and trends by asking how members of a household get around on a single day. The answers helped state, local, and federal officials decide when, where, and how to invest limited transportation funding to improve roads, public transportation, sidewalks, bike paths, and more. Demographic, socioeconomic, and travel information was gathered from 4,882 participants associated with 2,076 households. Participants received travel logs to record where members of their household went on an assigned travel day.

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DOE OSTI2024

Physical, socio-psychological, and behavioural determinants of household energy consumption in the UK

Determining which attitudes and behaviours predict household energy consumption can help accelerate the low-carbon energy transition. Conventional approaches in this domain are limited, often relying on survey methods that produce data on individuals’ motivations and self-reported activities without pairing these with actual energy consumption records, which are particularly hard to collect for large, nationally representative samples. This challenge precludes the development of empirical evidence on which attitudes and behaviours influence patterns of energy consumption, thus limiting the extent to which these can inform energy interventions or conservation programs. This study demonstrates a novel methodology for estimating energy consumption in the absence of actual energy records by using a large, publicly available data set of energy consumption in the UK. We develop a predictive model using the Smart Energy Research Laboratory (SERL) data portal (with records from nearly 13,000 UK households) and then use this model to predict energy consumption (both electric and gas) for a sample of 1,000 UK householders for which we separately collect over 200 variables relating to climate change attitudes and practices. Our approach uses a set of over 50 independent variables that are shared between the data sets, allowing us to train a model on the SERL data and use it to analyse the relationship between energy consumption and the opinions, motivations, and daily practices of survey respondents. Results show that electricity consumption is influenced by a broader range of factors compared to gas. Household energy use is best explained by physical dwelling characteristics, socio-demographic variables, and certain behavioural and attitudinal measures. Notably, pro-environmental attitudes, frugality, and conscientiousness correlate with lower energy use, while income and consumerism are linked to higher consumption. We discuss how these findings can inform efforts to decarbonise home energy use in the UK.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Do Households Adapt? Repeated Hurricane Exposure and the Purchasing of Bottled Water

Understanding how households adapt to hurricanes is increasingly important as these events become more frequent and severe. This paper examines how past hurricane exposure influences current household preparedness, focusing specifically on the stockpiling of bottled water. Leveraging scanner data on bottled water purchases for households in the Southeastern United States, we employ a difference-in-differences event study framework to analyze how repeated hurricane experiences affect consumer behavior. Our results indicate that households exposed to hurricane warnings do not increase their preparedness in the subsequent hurricane season, and those experiencing a landfall event underprepare. These results suggest limited learning from past events.

D12↗
DOE OSTI2025

Solar and battery can reduce energy costs and provide affordable outage backup for US households

Distributed energy resources are promising solutions for household energy affordability and resilience as weather extremes and aging infrastructure intensify grid reliability risks. This study presents a comprehensive nationwide assessment of over 500,000 U.S. households, evaluating economic and backup viability of solar-battery systems. We find that 60% of households could reduce electricity costs with average savings of 15%, while 63% of households could achieve affordable backup power during power outages covering an average of 51% of their essential energy needs. However, these benefits show limited alignment with areas of greatest need, particularly in regions facing high outage risks. We also identify significant disparities in access to solar and battery, with less-populated and disadvantaged communities showing consistently lower viability. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate the need for targeted policy interventions to ensure equitable access to solar-battery benefits, especially as states transition from net energy metering to other electricity tariff policies.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Rooftop solar and energy storage programs can remediate energy-limiting behaviors of energy insecure households in the United States

Energy insecurity, or the inability to afford energy needs, affects most low-income households in the United States and leads to risky choices and additional insecurities including food and health. Although there are government programs designed to provide relief from energy insecurity, eligibility is usually determined by household income, and those with incomes close to the threshold face uncertainty or may be left out. In many cases, these households turn to energy-limiting behaviors as a strategy to lower their electric utility bills. Here we explore the relationship between energy insecurity and energy-limiting behaviors and investigate alternative solutions such as energy storage and rooftop solar. This analysis demonstrates that solar and energy storage can offset two-thirds of the bill savings that households could attain through severe energy-limiting behavior. These systems could complement existing energy assistance programs to provide long-term bill relief, enabling occupants to live in their homes with comfort and dignity.

Kerby, Jessica R. [Pacific Northwest National Labo↗
DOE OSTI2026

Cross-sectoral synergies for household energy savings: the role of electric vehicles, solar photovoltaics, and remote work

Over the past two decades, new technologies and behavioral shifts – such as electric vehicles, solar photovoltaics, and increased work-from-home practices – have reshaped residential electricity consumption and cost. However, their combined or synergistic impact on a household’s electricity cost remains unexplored. Leveraging data from the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, this study uses a structural equation model to unravel the extent to which the bundled adoption of EV-PV and stay-at-home decisions impact the total electricity cost of households. Results indicate that adopting both EVs and PV reduces electricity costs by 31% despite a 16% rise in consumption. When combined with stay-at-home practices, households still experience a 13% cost reduction, even with a 25% increase in electricity consumption. In conclusion, these findings suggest that financial savings are not merely a byproduct of adopting new technologies or behavioral changes but could serve as a key consideration for household contemplating engagement with multiple modern energy solutions simultaneously.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Geospatial Analysis of Built Infrastructure and Modeled Household Driving Patterns

The level of access to opportunities for a location can be quantified in the amount of time it takes to travel from a departure point to the destinations that somebody would want or need to visit. Isochrone maps are geometric representations of the area accessible from a departure point within a set amount of time. Informed in part by the National Household Travel Survey, this report merges location data for amenities and opportunities across six frequent destination categories – employment, education, health, food, community, and transportation – with isochrone maps generated by the TravelTime API, whose departure points are census tract population-weighted centroids. Using a “Points-In-Polygon” analysis, destinations that fall within a census tract’s isochrone are tallied as accessible from the region within one of three time thresholds: 15-, 30-, and 45-minutes by the walking, cycling, public transit, and driving modes of travel. We find that access to a high number of jobs within a typical commute duration is negatively correlated with annual household vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The spatial distribution of our data suggests that the high household VMT frequently seen surrounding the edges of major cities may be related to worker commutes into the city core, and that the high household VMT frequently seen in rural tracts may be related to the longer travel distances required to access a variety of key opportunities from these areas.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Technology progress and clean vehicle policies on fleet turnover and equity: insights from household vehicle fleet micro-simulations with $\text{ATLAS}$

This paper documents the design and application of ATLAS (Automobile and Technology Lifecycle-Based ASsignment), a comprehensive household vehicle transaction and technology adoption micro-simulator in the San Francisco Bay Area. ATLAS evolves the fleet mix of individual households by simulating the vehicle transaction and choice decisions in response to co-evolving demographics, land use, and vehicle technology simulations. While most existing literature has focused on the aggregate clean vehicle uptake, this paper differentiates distributional effects and decomposes the underlying mechanisms across heterogeneous sub-populations of households. Using scenarios and sensitivity simulations that vary vehicle technology and policy assumptions, we find that Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) penetrate into higher income groups at a faster rate than into lower income groups, which is intuitive and aligns with expectations. Interestingly, the relative income disparity in ZEV ownership shrinks over time across all scenarios, with a ZEV mandate coupled with declining battery cost leading to the greatest reduction in disparity of ZEV ownership by 2050. Federal, state, and local financial incentives influence the redistribution of ZEV uptake across income groups and contribute to narrowing income disparity. Vehicle transaction frequency and new versus used market dynamics are found to be important factors contributing to the income disparity.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Municipality of Anchorage Household Travel Survey

The 2002 Household Travel Survey for the municipality of Anchorage, Alaska, collected demographic, socioeconomic, and travel information about households and persons (age five and older) on an assigned, 24-hour travel period. The main objective of the study, conducted by NuStats, was to improve the transportation system. 2,035 households were recruited to participate in the study. Of these, 1,293 completed travel logs depicting detailed data on driving habits, such as purpose of the trips, time of the data, and mode of transportation—spanning from April 1, 2002, to May 17, 2002. This dataset is part of the Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive, which includes travel surveys from numerous public agencies across the United States and is archived by the Transportation Secure Data Center to ensure their continued public availability.

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DOE OSTI2026

2001 Household Travel Survey: Baltimore Region Analysis

The Baltimore Metropolitan Council conducted the Baltimore Regional Household Travel Survey to collect demographic and travel features. The travel data mainly focus on weekday travel, collecting 27,363 one-day travel itineraries from 3,131 Baltimore-region households in June 2001. The council also sampled a smaller survey of 325 households to obtain weekend travel behavior.

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DOE OSTI2026

1991 Boston Household Travel Survey

The Central Transportation Planning Staff conducted a household travel survey in 1991, featuring demographic, socioeconomic, and travel features of 2,347 households, generating 39,372 weekday trips. The survey took the form of an activity-based travel diary that each subject household filled out for one weekday. The data was used to estimate new models for trip generation, automobile ownership, trip distribution, and mode choice.

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DOE OSTI2026

1994 SEMCOG Household-Based Person Trip Survey

The Southeast Michigan Council of Governments contracted with the Applied Management & Planning Group to conduct a travel behavior survey of 7,361 households from March 28, 1994, to June 10, 1994. The primary purpose of this study was to provide the council with a new database of travel behavior to assist in updating the region's transportation models. This data collection includes demographic, socioeconomic, travel, and mobile source emissions models for projecting future patterns of development, travel, congestion, and air pollution. Information about household characteristics and travel was collected using a one-day, activity-focused diary and a separate household survey. In an activity diary, respondents recorded 65,535 trips during the assigned the day.

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DOE OSTI2026

2008 NIRPC Household Travel Inventory

The Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission (NIRPC) Household Travel Inventory, also sponsored by the Indiana Department of Transportation, is a comprehensive study of the demographic and travel of residents of Lake, Porter, and La Porte counties in northwest Indiana. The primary objective of the study was to provide data for the continued development and refinement of the Indiana regional travel demand forecast models. 3,838 households from northwest Indiana participated in the survey, which entailed the collection of activity and travel information for all household members regardless of age during a randomly assigned 24- or 48-hour period. NIRPC travel survey data provided the information required on base-year daily trips made by study area residents to the Chicago CBD. This travel market is treated separately because of the importance of transit for its travelers.

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DOE OSTI2026

2001 KIPDA Regional Household Travel Survey

The Kentuckiana Planning and Development Agency (KIPDA) conducted this four-month study from October 2000 through January 2001 to update regional travel demand models. The universe for the survey consisted of households in the five-county Louisville transportation planning study area, including Clark and Floyd counties in Indiana and Bullitt, Jefferson, and Oldham counties in Kentucky. Demographic variables and travel behavior characteristics were collected for 4,433 households in a 24-hour period. Of these, 4,113 were completed with households that were selected at random, and the remaining 320 were completed with representatives. The data from the survey only reflect travel by the selected residents of the five counties listed above and do not account for travel in the region by persons who were not residents of those five counties.

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DOE OSTI2026

2000 Knoxville Urban Area Household Travel Behavior Survey

This survey, conducted by NuStats, was a comprehensive study of travel behavior in Knox and Blount counties in the Knoxville urban area. The purpose of the survey was to collect weekday travel characteristics of household members (ages five and older) in the counties during a 24-hour timeframe. The data will be used by the Knoxville Urban Area Metropolitan Planning Organization and local agencies to update transportation and air quality models and to identify transportation needs in the region. The survey was conducted between November 2000 and February 2001. In total, 2,674 households were recruited to participate in the survey. Of these, 1,538 households reported data from a one-day travel log, totaling 12,631 trips by 3,522 persons. Of all trips originating in the study area, three-fourths were made by persons residing in Knox County.

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DOE OSTI2026

2008 East Tennessee Household Travel Survey

The 2008 East Tennessee Household Travel Survey, conducted by NuStats, was a comprehensive study of travel behavior in Knox, Blount, Anderson, Jefferson, Loudon, Roane, Sevier, and Union counties. The purpose of the survey was to collect weekday travel characteristics of households in the eight-county region during a 24-hour timeframe. The data will be used by the Knoxville Regional Transportation Planning Organization and local agencies to update transportation and air quality models and to identify transportation needs in the region. The survey collected demographic and travel data from a sample of 1,400 households between February and May 2008. In total, 12,012 trips were reported by 3,301 persons.

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