Search NASASearch

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “large array”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6

Large solar arrays

A spectrophotovoltaic converter, a thermophotovoltaic converter, a cassegrainian concentrator, a large silicon cell blanket, and a high flux approach are among the concepts being investigated as part of the multihundred kW solar array program for reducing the cost of photovoltaic energy in space. These concepts involve a range of technology risks, the highest risk being represented by the thermophotovoltaics and spectrophotovoltaics approaches which involve manipulation to of the incoming spectrum to enhance system efficiency. The planar array (solar blanket) has no technology risk and a moderate payback. The primary characteristics, components, and technology concerns of each of these concepts are summarized. An orbital power platform mission in the late 1980's is being used to allow a coherent technology advancement program in order to achieve a ten year life with maintenance at a capital recurring cost of $30/watt based on 1978 dollars.

Crabtree, W. L.

Probing Titan's Complex Atmospheric Chemistry Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array

Titan is Saturn's largest moon, with a thick (1.45 bar) atmosphere composed primarily of molecular nitrogen and methane. Atmospheric photochemistry results in the production of a wide range of complex organic molecules, including hydrocarbons, nitriles, aromatics and other species of possible pre-biotic relevance. Titan's carbon-rich atmosphere may be analogous to that of primitive terrestrial planets throughout the universe, yet its origin, evolution and complete chemical inventory are not well understood. Here we present spatially-resolved maps of emission from C2H5CN, HNC, HC3N, CH3CN and CH3CCH in Titan's atmosphere, observed using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in 2012-2013. These data show previously-undetected spatial structures for the observed species and provide the first spectroscopic detection of C2H5CN on Titan. Our maps show spatially resolved peaks in Titan's northern and southern hemispheres, consistent with photochemical production and transport in the upper atmosphere followed by subsidence over the poles. The HNC emission peaks are offset from the polar axis, indicating that Titan's mesosphere may be more longitudinally variable than previously thought.

Titan

SPS-ALPHA: The First Practical Solar Power Satellite via Arbitrarily Large Phased Array

The vision of delivering solar power to Earth from platforms in space has been known for decades. However, early architectures to accomplish this vision were technically complex and unlikely to prove economically viable. Some of the issues with these earlier solar power satellite (SPS) concepts – particularly involving technical feasibility – were addressed by NASA’s space solar power (SSP) studies and technology research in the mid-to-late 1990s. Despite that progress, ten years ago a number of key technical and economic uncertainties remained. A new SPS concept has been proposed that resolves many, if not all, of those uncertainties: “SPSALPHA” (Solar Power Satellite by means of Arbitrarily Large Phased Array). During 2011-2012 the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Program supported a Phase 1 “SPS-ALPHA” project, the goal of which was to establish the technical and economic viability of the SPS-ALPHA concept to an early TRL 3 – analytical proof-of-concept – and provide a framework for further study and technology development. The objectives of this project were to: (1) conduct an initial end-to-end systems analysis of the SPS-ALPHA concept in order to determine its technical feasibility; (2) identify and assess in greater detail the key technology challenges inherent in the architecture (including figures of merit for each critical technology area); (3) conduct an initial evaluation of the economic viability of the concept (as a function of key performance parameters); and, (4) define a preliminary roadmap for the further development of the SPS-ALPHA concept.

Mankins, John

Modeling and Flight Data Analysis of Spacecraft Dynamics with a Large Solar Array Paddle

The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) was launched on January 24 2006 and has been operated successfully since then. This satellite has the attitude dynamics characterized by three large flexible structures, four large moving components, and stringent attitude/pointing stability requirements. In particular, it has one of the largest solar array paddles. Presented in this paper are flight data analyses and modeling of spacecraft attitude motion induced by the large solar array paddle. On orbit attitude dynamics was first characterized and summarized. These characteristic motions associated with the solar array paddle were identified and assessed. These motions are thermally induced motion, the pitch excitation by the paddle drive, and the role excitation. The thermally induced motion and the pitch excitation by the paddle drive were modeled and simulated to verify the mechanics of the motions. The control law updates implemented to mitigate the attitude vibrations are also reported.

Iwata, Takanori

The sun and nearby stars - Microwave observations at high resolution

High-resolution microwave observations are providing new insights into the nature of active regions and eruptions on the sun and nearby stars. The strength, evolution, and structure of magnetic fields in coronal loops can be determined by multiple-wavelength observations with the Very Large Array. Flare models ccan be tested with Very Large Array snapshot maps, which have angular resolutions of better than 1 second of arc in time periods as short as 10 seconds. Magnetic changes that precede solar eruptions on time scales of tens of minutes involve primarily emerging coronal loops and the interactions of two or more loops. Magnetic reconnection at the interface of two closed loops may accelerate electrons and trigger the release of microwave energy in the coronal parts of the magnetic loops. Nearby main-sequence stars of late spectral type emit slowly varying microwave radiation and stellar microwave bursts that show striking similarities to those of the sun.

Kundu, M. R.

Radio and X-Ray Observations of SN 2006jd: Another Strongly Interacting Type IIn Supernova

We report four years of radio and X-ray monitoring of the Type IIn supernova SN 2006jd at radio wavelengths with the Very Large Array, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and Expanded Very Large Array at X-ray wavelengths with Chandra, XMM-Newton and Swift-XRT. We assume that the radio and X-ray emitting particles are produced by shock interaction with a dense circumstellar medium. The radio emission shows an initial rise that can be attributed to free-free absorption by cool gas mixed into the nonthermal emitting region external free-free absorption is disfavored because of the shape of the rising light curves and the low gas column density inferred along the line of sight to the emission region. The X-ray luminosity implies a preshock circumstellar density approximately 10(exp 6) per cubic meter at a radius r approximately 2 x 10(exp 16) centimeter, but the column density inferred from the photoabsorption of X-rays along the line of sight suggests a significantly lower density. The implication may be an asymmetry in the interaction. The X-ray spectrum shows Fe line emission at 6.9 keV that is stronger than is expected for the conditions in the X-ray emitting gas. We suggest that cool gas mixed into the hot gas plays a role in the line emission. Our radio and X-ray data both suggest the density profile is flatter than r2 because of the slow evolution of the unabsorbed emission.

Chandra, Poonam

Estimating a Large Phased Array Antenna Radiation Pattern by Computer Electromagnetic Simulation

The design of a conformal antenna for use on UAV's (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and other aircraft can be enhanced with computational electromagnetic modeling to determine the expected radiation patterns of the antenna when mounted on the aircraft. However, detailed simulation of the antenna structure and the aircraft together requires significant computational resources and time which may not be available. This paper details several methods for estimating the radiation pattern of a 50 by 50-element patch antenna. The Conformal Lightweight Antenna Structures for Aeronautical Communication Technologies (CLASACT) Program aims to build and test a 14.25 gigaherz (Ku-band) conformal antenna on a NASA-owned UAV. The antenna is intended for satellite communications and will enable communication between a ground station and a UAV when the separation distance is too great for line-of-sight communication. It is estimated that a 2 degree beamwidth will be necessary, requiring a 50 by 50 array of patch elements. The narrow beamwidth requirement, together with an element spacing of 0.6 lambda means that the array length will be 30 wavelengths, electrically very large. Three methods of varying complexity are described for estimating the total far-field radiation pattern. The results are shown for each method in the form of a normalized power pattern.

Mackenzie, Anne I.

Multi-Band Large Format Infrared Imaging Arrays

Large-format and multi-band focal plane arrays (FPA) based on quantum well and quantum dot infrared photodetectors have been developed for various instruments such as imaging interferometers and hyperspectral imagers. The spectral response of these detectors are tailorable within the mid- and long-wavelength infrared bands.

infrared

Implementation of an Antenna Array Signal Processing Breadboard for the Deep Space Network

The Deep Space Network Large Array will replace/augment 34 and 70 meter antenna assets. The array will mainly be used to support NASA's deep space telemetry, radio science, and navigation requirements. The array project will deploy three complexes in the western U.S., Australia, and European longitude each with 400 12m downlink antennas and a DSN central facility at JPL. THis facility will remotely conduct all real-time monitor and control for the network. Signal processing objectives include: provide a means to evaluate the performance of the Breadboard Array's antenna subsystem; design and build prototype hardware; demonstrate and evaluate proposed signal processing techniques; and gain experience with various technologies that may be used in the Large Array. Results are summarized..

array

Feasibility of Passive Cryogenic Cooling for Solar Powered Outer Planetary Missions

Spacescience instruments with cooled detectors require innovative thermal cooling solutions to meet science objectives. Detector sensitivity increases with decreasing temperature and low optics temperatures are often needed to reduce background photon noise. As the detector spectral range coverage increases from the visible to far infrared also requires lower detector temperatures. Increasing demands on detector performance lead to larger format detectors and higher refresh rates resulting in significant increases in power dissipation. Passive coolers rely on emissive power of radiating surfaces to reject heat to space. As the operating temperature requirements of detectors and optics decreases, the ability to reject heat to space becomes increasingly more difficult. Reducing both cooler internal parasitic and external environmental heat loads and maximizing the passive cooler field of view to space will enhance performance. While instrument heat loads and passive cooler parasitic heat loads are controlled by instrument designers, the external environmental heat loads and cooler views to space are governed by spacecraft and mission designers. Solar powered planetary missions require large arrays to generate sufficient power for spacecraft subsystems and payloads. Two or more solar array wings with cell coverage of the order of 40-80 m2 are often needed to generate sufficient power at 3-6 AU. These large arrays are typically symmetrically configured and can extend tens of meters. The arrays along with spacecraft attitude requirements near the target planetary bodies pose significant challenges for passive cooling at large AU. It is very difficult to provide a clear field of view to space for the cooler with large articulating arrays while keeping solar loads from impinging the cooler and meeting the spacecraft attitude science pointing requirements. This is counter intuitive because of the decreasing solar flux and colder planetary body temperatures at large AU. This paper presents the challenges and opportunities of passive cryogenic cooling versus active cooling for solar powered planetary missions.

Rodriguez, Jose I.

Development of an Ultra-wide band Receiver for the North America Array

The North America Array (NAA), also known as the next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA), is a concept for a radio astronomical interferometric array operating in the frequency range 1.2 GHz to 116 GHz and designed to provide substantial improvements in sensitivity, angular resolution, and frequency coverage while reducing operational costs compared to the current Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA). At JPL, we are designing a single receiver package designed to operate across the 8 to 48 GHz frequency range, in contrast to the current JVLA, which covers this frequency range with five receiver packages. Reducing the number of receiving systems required to cover the full frequency range would reduce operating costs. We are developing a prototype integrated feed-receiver package with a system noise temperature that meets the requirements of the ngVLA/NAA primary science programs, with a design that meets the requirement of low long-term operational costs. The receiver package being developed at JPL consists of a feed horn, low-noise amplifier (LNA), and down-converters to analog intermediate frequencies. We report on the status of this receiver package development.

Lazio, Joseph

Development of a moon-based magnetospheric and coronal imager using a large broadband array

The 'Missions to and from Planet Earth' mandated by President Bush in 1989 provide a unique opportunity for magnetospheric and coronal plasma physicists to cooperate with low frequency radio astronomers in the development of an advanced experiment designed for the lunar surface. A large active lunar based array would sound the Earth's magnetosphere at VLF frequencies and the solar corona at decametric wavelengths allowing plasma physicists to map both the Earth's magnetosphere and those regions in the solar corona that trigger precursors to solar flares. With the transmitter silent, the array would become the ideal low frequency radio telescope, examining both geospace emissions such as auroral kilometric radiation and extraterrestrial signals from the planets, pulsars, supernova remnants, and active galactic nuclei. Both experiments satisfy requirements mandated in both 'Mission to Planet Earth' and in 'Mission from Planet Earth.' By proposing a cooperative effort both communities (plasma physicists and radio astronomers) stand to benefit. Jim Green, Director of the NASA Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) at GSFC; Tony Phillips, Research Fellow at California Institute of Technology; T. D. Carr, Director of the University of Florida Radio Observatory (UFRO) and the author are enlisting the cooperation of the scientific community in defining the system specifications. Some components, such as the receivers, will be standard 'off-the-shelf' items, and hence will require little developmental research. However, the individual antenna elements and the phasing and matching networks will require some R&D to satisfy the frequency requirements (20 KHz-40 MHz). By flying the experiment in Earth orbit first, Dr. Green proposes to gather valuable magnetospheric data as well as to prove the principle of the large moon based experiment. He claims that funding for the preliminary ground based studies at the UFRO may be available as early as FY-92.

Lebo, George

An evolutionary construction facility for Space Station Freedom

Viewgraphs and discussion on an evolutionary construction facility for Space Station Freedom are presented. Space Station Freedom (SSF) will support permanent human presence in space and has the potential to enable scientific and exploratory endeavors unequalled in history. With larger and more ambitious spacecraft being developed, it will serve as a site for construction, checkout, and deployment. A facility attached to SSF is required to develop and demonstrate the techniques that will enable on-orbit construction of future large spacecraft. Examples of attached scientific experiments that currently envision in-space construction and that are discussed are: Solar X-ray Pinhole Occulter Facility, Astromag, and X-ray Large Array. Examples of large assemblable spacecraft which are discussed are: Large Deployable Reflector (LDR), Geostationary Platforms, and interplanetary vehicles.

Gates, Richard M.

Ideal Integrating Bolometer

We describe a new 'ideal integrator' bolometer as a prototype for a new generation of sensitive, flexible far-IR detectors suitable for use in large arrays. The combination of a non-dissipative sensor coupled with a fast heat switch provides breakthrough capabilities in both sensitivity and operation. The bolometer temperature varies linearly with the integrated infrared power incident on the detector, and may be sampled intermittently without loss of information between samples. The sample speed and consequent dynamic range depend only on the heat switch reset cycle and can be selected in software. Between samples, the device acts as an ideal integrator with noise significantly lower than resistive bolometers. Since there is no loss of information between samples, the device is well-suited for large arrays. A single SQUID readout could process an entire column of detectors, greatly reducing the complexity, power requirements, and cost of readout electronics for large pixel arrays.

Kogut, Alan

Ideal Integrating Bolometer

We describe a new "ideal integrator" bolometer as a prototype for a new generation of sensitive, flexible far-IR detectors suitable for use in large arrays. The combination of a non-dissipative sensor coupled with a fast heat switch provides breakthrough capabilities in both sensitivity and operation. The bolometer temperature varies linearly with the integrated infrared power incident on the detector, and may be sampled intermittently without loss of information between samples. The sample speed and consequent dynamic range depend only on the heat switch reset cycle and can be selected in software. Between samples, the device acts as an ideal integrator with noise significantly lower than resistive bolometers. Since there is no loss of information between samples, the device is well-suited for large arrays. A single SQUID readout could process an entire column of detectors, greatly reducing the complexity, power requirements, and cost of readout electronics for large pixel arrays.

Kogut, A.