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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Cross Section Measurements of Photonuclear Reaction Pathways Towards Promising Medical Radioisotopes

Project Objectives: The goal of this project was to generate data relevant to radioisotope production while developing innovative technologies that foster and enhance novel production of radioisotopes, and, also, while providing opportunities for cultivating and training future generations of scientists. This work has provided the foundation for methodologies for determination of photonuclear cross sections over multiple energies in a single irradiation. Simultaneously, the feasibility of electron LINAC production of several in-demand radioisotopes such as 47 Sc, 67 Cu, 77 As, and 186 Re has been demonstrated. To accomplish these objectives a collaboration was formed between two complimentary facilities, the Low Energy Accelerator Facility (LEAF) at Argonne National Laboratory and the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) at Triangular Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL). The involvement of the research group from North Carolina Central University gave students at this Historically Black University experience in forefront nuclear-physics research relevant to addressing a high-priority interdisciplinary issue. Project Description: HIGS provides a nearly monoenergetic gamma-ray beam by intra-cavity Compton backscattering of free-electron photons from electrons circulating in a storage ring. This beam can be collimated to produce a very precise energy beam. If the beam is un-collimated a calculated and precise energy spread of the beam occurs radially. The γ-flux can be evenly distributed over the radial distribution of energy and used to perform activation experiments on concentric ring targets. Thus providing multiple energy ranges in a single irradiation. Each concentric ring target can be counted separately in order to determine activation at the given energy and successively be correlated to the activation cross section. Targets were activated to determine production feasibility using electron beams at LEAF. Potential Impact: The Nuclear Science Advisory Committee recently named production of radioisotopes with electron LINACs as one of the most compelling and largest-impact opportunities for the production of high specific activity radioisotopes. Improving the photonuclear cross sectional data base with experimentally verified results will greatly enhance a researcher’s ability to rationalize electron LINAC production routes towards desired radioisotopes. This work will provide the foundation for methodologies for determination of photonuclear cross sections over multiple energies and multiple targets in a single irradiation. The techniques developed in this project will enable future studies to continue verifying theoretically predicted photonuclear cross section with experimental results. These data will also enable adaptation of models and support more precise theoretical calculation of photonuclear cross sections. This research will involve undergraduates, graduate students, and post-docs to give them a valuable research experience leading towards the next generation of scientists in the field of medical isotopes.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Benchmark Midplane Field for Medical FFA

This is a lattice cell for a fixed-field medical accelerator, transmitting protons from 10–250 MeV. The goal is to have fixed tunes throughout this energy range. The cell is based on the lattice Feb7 2024 ProtonAccelerator.f90 from Dejan Trbojevic and had the magnet field profiles re-optimised to attain fixed tunes with realistic magnet fringe fields.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Beam Optics Design of A Prototype 20 kW Conduction-Cooled SRF Accelerator for Medical Sterilization

Superconducting technology has significantly advanced the capabilities of particle accelerators, facilitating higher beam-power operations for fundamental research at a comparatively lower cost. However, the conventional implementation of superconducting technology introduces complexities in the form of cryogenic plants, cryogenic distribution systems and substantial construction and operational cost. In response to these challenges, recent research efforts at Fermilab have been dedicated to the development of a cryogen-free, conduction-cooled Nb3Sn-based superconducting technology. This paper outlines the beam optics design of a 20-kW conduction-cooled compact superconducting accelerator for medical sterilization. The paper reviews both the physics and practical constraints associated with high beam-power operation within the context of industrial applications. The focus is on providing insights into the potential of this innovative technology to overcome existing challenges and pave the way for more accessible and efficient industrial particle accelerators.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center: Smart Buildings Case Study

The purpose of this smart buildings case study is to showcase a leading example of a GEB renovation project in the federal buildings space and provide key information on the technology and control upgrades, costs, and energy and utility bill savings. This case study also provides information and recommendations for selecting energy conservation measures (ECMs) and choosing energy and cost reduction strategies from the energy management team at the site. The findings from this successful GEB project can be used to help pave the way for additional GEB retrofits in the future. The Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona, demonstrates that GEB strategies and technologies can be realistically deployed today across buildings with substantial energy and cost savings. The project implemented both ECMs and grid-interactive technologies and controls strategies, making it a leading example of a smart, sustainable, and efficient commercial building.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

New York-Presbyterian and Columbia University Irving Medical Center Requirements (Analysis Report)

EPOC uses the Deep Dive process to discuss and analyze current and planned science, research, or education activities and the anticipated data output of a particular use case, site, or project to help inform the strategic planning of a campus or regional networking environment. This includes understanding future needs related to network operations, network capacity upgrades, and other technological service investments. A Deep Dive comprehensively surveys major research stakeholders’ plans and processes in order to investigate data management requirements over the next 5–10 years. Between February and June 2024, staff members from the Engagement and Performance Operations Center (EPOC) met with researchers and staff from New York-Presbyterian (NYP), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), and NYSERNet for the purpose of a Deep Dive into scientific and research drivers. The goal of this activity was to help characterize the requirements for a number of campus use cases, and to enable cyberinfrastructure support staff to better understand the needs of the researchers within the community. Material for this event included the written documentation from each of the profiled research areas, documentation about the current state of technology support, and a write-up of the discussion that took place via e-mail and video conferencing. The case studies highlighted the ongoing challenges and opportunities that NYP and CUIMC have in supporting a cross-section of established and emerging research use cases. Each case study mentioned unique challenges which were summarized into common needs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Reverse Engineering of Medical Devices for Innovation and Advancement in Healthcare

• Medical technology is rapidly evolving and introducing new functionality and methodologies that suggest a higher risk for common vulnerability exposures (CVE) • Introduction of functionalities like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and internet connectivity require devices to be rigorously evaluated for vulnerabilities • Subsequently like many other fields cell-phone interconnectivity suggests a significantly higher level of risk to critical infrastructure and data security

Baldwin, David [Savannah River National Laboratory↗
DOE OSTI2025

A membrane-based approach to medical isotope purification (Final Report)

This is the final technical report from the grant "A membrane-based approach to medical isotope purification" which was awarded by the Isotope Research and Development Program through the early career research program to Christine Duval at Case Western Reserve University. The project developed adsoprtive membranes with covalently bound diglycolamide-derived ligands for the purification of Ac-225 and benchmarked them against the current state of the art adsorbent materials.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2026

DICOMs, Missiles, and Metadata: The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program Leverages a Medical Standard

Digital Imagine and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images, although most commonly used in medical settings, have been widely adopted by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for capturing images of the internal components in a nuclear weapon. DICOMs, a lesser-known file format that combine nested metadata structures with complex image data-including multiple planes, frames, and high resolution-require the creation of access copies to support usability within the DOE. Used primarily for ensuring the safety, security, and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile, the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)’s DICOM images and corresponding image metadata must be accessible to scientists and researchers via our institutional centralized databases. This paper describes the author's creation of a Python script that converts DICOM images into accessible, archive-friendly TIFF files while preserving key image data and metadata.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Flexible Magnetic Polymer Composite Substrate with Ba 1.5 Sr 1.5 Z Hexaferrite Particles of VHF/Low UHF Patch Antennas for UAVs and Medical Implant Devices

Our goal is to fabricate flexible magnetic polymer composites as antenna substrates for very high frequency (VHF)/low ultra high frequency (UHF) antennas for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and medical devices. Magnetodielectric materials, which have permeability (μ) similar to permittivity (ε), have attracted great attention, because they facilitate miniaturization of microwave devices while keeping or enhancing electromagnetic characteristics. Mechanically millled Ba 1.5 Sr 1.5 Co 2 Fe 24 O 41 (Ba 1.5 Sr 1.5 Z) hexaferrite particles were used to increase permeability in the interesting frequency band. The microwave properties of Ba 1.5 Sr 1.5 Z composites were predicted and measured. Hansen’s zero-order analysis of antenna bandwidth and electromagnetic field simulation showed that the hexaferrite-based flexible composite could enhance a bandwidth and achieve the miniaturization of antennas as well. The magnetic antenna substrates can be a good solution to integrate antennas into the UAVs whose dimensions are comparable to or larger than communication wavelength.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ammonium Fluoride Passivation of CdZnTeSe Sensors for Applications in Nuclear Detection and Medical Imaging

Cadmium zinc telluride selenide (Cd1−xZnxTe1−ySey or CZTS) is one of the emerging CdTe-based semiconductor materials for detecting X- and gamma-ray radiation at or near room temperature (i.e., without cryogenic cooling). Potential applications of CZTS sensors include medical imaging, X-ray detection, and gamma-ray spectroscopy. Chemical passivation of CZTS is needed to reduce the conductivity of Te-rich surfaces, which reduces the noise and improves the device performance. In this study, we focus on the effect of surface passivation of CZTS using a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride. The effects of the chemical treatment were studied on the leakage current, charge transport measured as the electron mobility-lifetime (µτ) product, and the spectral resolution measured as the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of specific peaks. After passivation, the leakage current increased and began to decrease towards pre-passivation levels. The energy resolutions were recorded for eight applied voltages between −35 V and −200 V. The results showed an average of 25% improvement in the detector’s energy resolution for the 59.6 keV gamma peak of Am-241. The electron µτ product was unchanged at 2 × 10−3 cm2/V. These results show that ammonium fluoride is effective for chemical passivation of CZTS detectors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Apparatus and method for generating medical isotopes

An apparatus for generating medical isotopes provides an annular fissile solution vessel surrounding a neutron generator. The annular fissile solution vessel provides for good capture of the emitted neutrons and a geometry that provides enhanced stability in an aqueous reactor. A neutron multiplier and/or a neutron moderator may be used to improve the efficiency and control the criticality of the reaction in the annular fissile solution vessel.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

JSONize: A Scalable Machine Learning Pipeline to Model Medical Notes as Semi-structured Documents

The Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) archives the largest corpora of clinical notes in their corporate data warehouse (CDW) as unstructured text data. Unstructured text easily supports keyword searches and regular expressions. Often these simple searches do not adequately support the complex searches that need to be performed on notes. For example, a researcher may want all notes with a Duke Treadmill Score less than 5 or people that smoke more than 1 pack per day. Range queries like this and more can be supported by modelling text as semi-structured documents. In this paper, we implement a scalable machine learning pipeline that models plain medical text as useful semi-structured documents. We improve on existing models and achieve a F1-score of 0.912 and scale our methods to the entire VA corpus.

Rush III, Everett↗
DOE OSTI2020

Process for the separation and purification of medical isotopes

The invention provides a method for isolating medical isotopes, the method having the steps of dissolving titanium nuclear targets to create a solution; contacting the solution with a resin so as to retain the isotopes on the resin and generate an eluent containing titanium; contacting the isotope-containing resin with acid of a first concentration to remove impurities from the resin; and contacting the isotope-containing resin with an acid of a second concentration to remove isotope from the resin.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 Medical Device Sterilization Workshop: Continuing the Conversation, Summary Report

Technical advancements are making accelerator-based sources of radiation viable candidates for sterilization of medical devices. Electron beams and x-rays are becoming more cost-competitive and new facilities are being built to provide needed capacity and redundancy. As the industry becomes more receptive to these modalities, there is a need for information and data to enable prospective users to evaluate these options for their products. The workshops offered in 20191 and now in 2020 strive to foster conversation between device manufacturers, equipment and service providers on needs, capabilities, and knowledge.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Motivation and Development of a Compact Superconducting Accelerator for X-ray Medical Device Sterilization

Fermilab is developing a compact superconducting (CSRF) accelerator as a source of a high-power, high-energy electron beam to produce an x-ray beam comparable to $\geq$ 2 MCi of cobalt-60. As part of this development, we are presently assembling a 20 kW, 1.6 MeV prototype that incorporates the four enabling technologies described below. These technologies support a heat budget that is within the capacity of commercially available cryocoolers and eliminate the need for liquid cryogens. The use of superconducting technologies promises efficiencies, wall-plug to beam, of 80% or greater. A summary of the design and progress to date will be given. In addition, we will present a review of developments within the medical device sterilization industry that are motivating the development of this technology.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Apparatus and method for generating medical isotopes

An apparatus for generating medical isotopes provides an annular fissile solution vessel surrounding a neutron generator. The annular fissile solution vessel provides for good capture of the emitted neutrons and a geometry that provides enhanced stability in an aqueous reactor. A neutron multiplier and/or a neutron moderator may be used to improve the efficiency and control the criticality of the reaction in the annular fissile solution vessel.

Piefer, Gregory Richard↗