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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Demonstration of a third-order hierarchy of topological states in a three-dimensional acoustic metamaterial

Classical wave systems have constituted an excellent platform for emulating complex quantum phenomena, such as demonstrating topological phenomena in photonics and acoustics. Recently, a new class of topological states localized in more than one dimension of a D -dimensional system, referred to as higher-order topological (HOT) states, has been reported, offering an even more versatile platform to confine and control classical radiation and mechanical motion. Here, we design and experimentally study a 3D topological acoustic metamaterial supporting third-order (0D) topological corner states along with second-order (1D) edge states and first-order (2D) surface states within the same topological bandgap, thus establishing a full hierarchy of nontrivial bulk polarization–induced states in three dimensions. The assembled 3D topological metamaterial represents the acoustic analog of a pyrochlore lattice made of interconnected molecules, and is shown to exhibit topological bulk polarization, leading to the emergence of boundary states.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Utah FORGE: Seismic Event Catalogue from the April, 2022 Stimulation of Well 16A(78)-32

This dataset includes earthquake catalogues for the three stages of the 2022 well 16A(78)-32 stimulation provided by Geo Energie Suisse. Events in these catalogues have been visually inspected. There are additional events of lower signal to noise that were automatically detected. Those events will require additional analysis and processing. Times are recorded in UTC (Coordinate Universal Time), and the coordinate reference system is UTM Zone 12N, NAD83.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Utah FORGE: Updated Seismic Event Catalogue from the April, 2022 Stimulation of Well 16A(78)-32

These are revised catalogs, related to the April, 2022 well 16A(78)-32 stimulation (phases 1,2, & 3), provided by Geo Energie Suisse (GES) that include additional events at the start of Stage 1 and some tidying up of some locations. These catalogs also include events for additional events that were auto-located to provide a larger dataset for statistical analyses, like b-value calculations. The actual auto-locations have been removed to prevent spurious location plots being created. Times are recorded in UTC (Coordinate Universal Time), and the coordinate reference system is UTM Zone 12N, NAD83.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Echo

This document is a white paper marketing proposal for Echo™ is a data analysis platform designed for efficient, robust, and scalable creation and execution of complex workflows. Echo’s analysis management system refers to the ability to track, understand, and reproduce workflows used for arriving at results and decisions. Echo improves on traditional scripted data analysis in MATLAB, Python, R, and other languages to allow analysts to make better use of their time. Additionally, the Echo platform provides a powerful data management and curation solution allowing analysts to quickly find, access, and consume datasets. After two years of development and a first release in early 2016, Echo is now available for use with many data types in a wide range of application domains. Echo provides tools that allow users to focus on data analysis and decisions with confidence that results are reported accurately.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Scope Complexity Options Risks Excursions (SCORE) Version 3.0 Mathematical Description.

The purpose of the Scope, Complexity, Options, Risks, Excursions (SCORE) model is to estimate the relative complexity of design variants of future warhead options. The results of this model allow those considering these options to understand the complexity tradeoffs between proposed warhead options. The core idea of SCORE is to divide a warhead option into a well- defined set of scope elements and then estimate the complexity of each scope element against a well understood reference system. The uncertainty associated with estimates can also be captured. A weighted summation of the relative complexity of each scope element is used to determine the total complexity of the proposed warhead option or portions of the warhead option (i.e., a National Work Breakdown Structure code). The SCORE analysis process is a growing multi-organizational Nuclear Security Enterprise (NSE) effort, under the management of the NA- 12 led Enterprise Modeling and Analysis Consortium (EMAC), that has provided the data elicitation, integration and computation needed to support the out-year Life Extension Program (LEP) cost estimates included in the Stockpile Stewardship Management Plan (SSMP).

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2019

Summary of Accomplishments FG02-04ER15529 (Final Technical Report)

We report on our discoveries related to acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to Fe-deficiency. Fe is required for photosynthesis, but a good fraction of the photosynthetic habitat (oceans, land) on earth have insufficient iron. We used Chlamydomonas a green alga as a reference system to make discoveries related to photosynthetic metabolism in an iron-poor environment. We report on discoveries related to 1) mechanisms of iron assimilation, 2) mechanisms of iron-distribution where photosynthesis vs. respiration can be prioritized, 3) interaction of Fe and Mn utilizing pathways, 4) operation of Fe sparing mechanisms, 5) discovery of Fe recycling mechanisms, and 6) discovery of iron storage sites in the cell.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

2020 Energy Storage Pricing Survey

The annual Energy Storage Pricing Survey (ESPS) series is designed to provide a standardized reference system price for various energy storage technologies across a range of different power and energy ratings. This is an essential first step in comparing systems of the different technologies’ usage costs and total cost of ownership. The final system prices are developed based on data from an extensive set of interviews with representatives across the manufacturing and project development value chain, plus available published data. This information is incorporated into a consistent methodology structure that will allow pricing information to be incorporated at whatever level it was obtained, ranging from component to fully installed system. The ESPS system pricing methodology breaks down the cost of an energy storage system into the following component categories: the storage module; the balance of system; the power conversion system; the energy management system; and the engineering, procurement, and construction costs. By evaluating each of the different component costs separately, a more accurate system cost can be developed that provides internal pricing consistency between different project sizes using the same technology, as well as between different technologies that utilize similar components.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Thermal Integration of Advanced Nuclear Reactors with a Reference Refinery, Methanol Synthesis, and a Wood Pulp Plant (Rev.1)

The present report is intended to provide process flow diagrams (PFDs) and energy and mass balance data sheets for a U.S. industrial sector subset with which nuclear heat and power could be integrated—a subset that includes the oil refining, methanol and pulp and paper industries. Coupling options for integrating nuclear energy into these industries are quantitatively outlined for reference systems, and future work will extend this analysis in greater detail. Opportunities for integrating small modular nuclear reactors (SMNRs) were investigated for each of the industrial process configurations. Aspen HYSYS and Cycle-Tempo models for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor were developed to evaluate the proposed integration. This introductory evaluation provides a general description and assessment of the operating principles, reactor coolant core outlet temperature, and reactor size to be integrated with industry. The industrial processes of oil refining and the production of methanol, pulp and paper were simulated by using Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Plus, and the PRELIM (Petroleum Refinery Life Cycle Inventory Model) tool to develop process details. Cycle-Tempo models then extend the process modeling results to obtain net energy demands (e.g., heat, steam, and electricity) when accounting for process steam and waste heat recovery. This information is intended to foster the analysis of integrating an SMNR to decarbonize industrial facilities. The SMNR would provide reliable, competitive, and sustainable clean energy while reducing carbon emissions and other environmental impacts, such as water withdrawals, consumption, and contamination. The refining industry, exhibited in Figure ES1, is a leading consumer of fossil -fuel-based heat, power, and hydrogen in the U.S. industrial sector, generating over 164 million metric tons (MMT) of CO 2 emissions in 2023. The overall mass and energy pertaining to a generalized complex refinery in the United States is reflected in Figure ES1, along with energy metrics regarding integration with a nuclear power plant (NPP). Data sheets were developed to indicate the energy requirements for the overall refinery and each refinery process. The data sheet for the overall refinery is shown in Table ES2.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Summary of the Initial Post-Irradiation Characterization of HFIR-Irradiated Low-N and High-N HT-9 Steel

Reference cladding systems for sodium fast reactors are based on the historical steel, HT-9. HT-9 is a Fe12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel with additions of Mo, W, V, and other minor elements and demonstrates low irradiation swelling and adequate mechanical properties. Extensive irradiation literature exists on the use of HT-9 as cladding for metal fuel, primarily irradiation on the U-Zr/HT-9 system from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) and Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) sodium fast reactor, and as a structural material from experiments in the FFTF. The large amount of historical data makes the U-Zr/HT-9 system the reference fuel specification for many nuclear reactor vendors that seek to license modern sodium-cooled fast reactors in the United States. However, it is yet unclear how variations in impurity content within HT-9 fundamentally affect irradiation performance at various irradiation temperatures. Recent work suggests that impurity content may noticeably alter the production of helium through nuclear transmutation. For these reasons, High-Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) irradiation of HT-9 steels with known variations in the impurity content is particularly timely to generate data to enable more accurate refinement of the chemical specification for nuclear-grade HT-9 material. This report summarizes the initial transmission electron microscopy characterization of HFIR-irradiated HT-9 steels following mechanical property measurements by the Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC). This report includes qualitative results of the cavity, dislocation loop and cluster/precipitate microstructures as well as radiation-induced segregation. Quantitative results are being shared with partner institutions and will be included in more detail in a future report in FY2026.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Monitoring of wind turbines

Method and apparatus for determining the deflection or curvature of a rotating blade, such as a wind turbine blade or a helicopter blade. Also, methods and apparatus for establishing an inertial reference system on a rotating blade.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Cybersecurity Guide for Distributed Wind Presentation

This presentation communicates information about the MIRACL project Resilience Metrics report and Resilience Framework report. It was created for the 2021 MIRACL advisory board meeting. Distributed wind sits at the intersection of grid-connected, off-grid and behind-the-meter cyber-physical electrical energy systems. The unique physical properties and communications requirements for distributed wind systems mean that there are unique cybersecurity considerations, but there is little to no existing guidance on best practices for cybersecurity. This presentation is intended to be a starting point for distributed wind stakeholders including manufacturers, installers and integrators, and operators (facility, aggregator, or utility). A holistic threat perspective is used to describe the adversaries, threats, and potential impacts of cyberattacks, with special emphasis on what sets distributed wind systems apart from other distributed energy resources (DER). We present the recommendations for cybersecurity, both in terms of needs of the system and roles that specific stakeholders should fulfill. Distributed wind systems can come in a variety of architectures and applications, so there is no one-size-fits-all approach to cybersecurity. However, this document contains the relevant information for stakeholders to identify the cybersecurity needs of their system, refer to relevant standards, and apply best practices in a manner most consistent with their security and operational goals.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

DEVELOPMENT OF A LUMPED-PARAMETER THERMAL MODEL FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS

This paper describes a thermal-hydraulic modeling method of a closed-circuit electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA). Despite the high energy efficiency of EHAs, it is always important to assess their cooling requirements, to guarantee that the operating temperature remains within an acceptable range. The method proposed in this paper is based on a lumped parameter approach and simplifies some of the complex heat transfer processes by introducing empirical correction factors. The model is validated by means of temperature measurements on an EHA architecture developed by the author. The good match between the simulation results and experiments confirms the capability of the proposed methodology to predict the temperature performance of the reference EHA under different drive cycles. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the power losses and passive heat dissipation for the reference system. Based on this analysis, the cooling requirements of the EHA are studied.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Disentangling the EMC effect: from free to bound nucleon structure

Deep inelastic scattering experiments using electron beams on fixed targets allow for the study of the structure of nucleons. While the structure of the free proton has been well measured, the free neutron structure and the modification of nucleon structure in the nuclear environment, the EMC effect, remain open questions. Studies suggest that the EMC effect may arise due to strongly-interacting nucleon-nucleon systems, referred to as short-range correlations. The BAND experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility seeks to probe the bound proton structure when in a strongly-interacting state, using spectator-tagged deep inelastic scattering. This thesis presents the results of the BAND experiment, demonstrating the proton is modified when strongly-interacting with the spectator neutron in deuterium. This thesis also explores efforts to describe inclusive and tagged deep inelastic scattering data within a uniform theoretical framework to explore nucleon structure modification effects and extract the free neutron structure.

Segarra, Efrain↗
DOE OSTI2024

DFT Calculation of Thermal Expansion within Debye-Grüneisen Framework Made Simple and Accurate

The density functional theory (DFT) based Debye-Grüneisen approach is a computational method used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of materials by relating the volume dependence of the Debye frequency to the Grüneisen parameter. In this study, we propose a new model to describe the volume dependence of the Grüneisen parameter. This model offers a simple yet accurate approach to predict the thermal expansion of materials within the framework of the Debye-Grüneisen theory. Specifically, for pure elements or species used as a reference system, we calibrated the parameters to reproduce the experimental coefficient of thermal expansion, heat capacity, and entropy. For compounds with arbitrary compositions, the parameters are determined by taking the arithmetic or geometric average of those obtained from the pure elements or species based on their composition. We then compared the model prediction with experiments. This allowed for a comprehensive characterization of the thermal expansion behavior of various materials.

Wang, Yi↗
DOE OSTI2024

"Traffic Control via Connected and Automated Vehicles: An Open-Road Field Experiment with 100 CAVs"

The CIRCLES project aims to reduce instabilities in traffic flow, which are naturally occurring phenomena due to human driving behavior. These "phantom jams" or "stop-and-go waves,"are a significant source of wasted energy. Toward this goal, the CIRCLES project designed a control system referred to as the MegaController by the CIRCLES team, that could be deployed in real traffic. Our field experiment leveraged a heterogeneous fleet of 100 longitudinally-controlled vehicles as Lagrangian traffic actuators, each of which ran a controller with the architecture described in this paper. The MegaController is a hierarchical control architecture, which consists of two main layers. The upper layer is called Speed Planner, and is a centralized optimal control algorithm. It assigns speed targets to the vehicles, conveyed through the LTE cellular network. The lower layer is a control layer, running on each vehicle. It performs local actuation by overriding the stock adaptive cruise controller, using the stock on-board sensors. The Speed Planner ingests live data feeds provided by third parties, as well as data from our own control vehicles, and uses both to perform the speed assignment. The architecture of the speed planner allows for modular use of standard control techniques, such as optimal control, model predictive control, kernel methods and others, including Deep RL, model predictive control and explicit controllers. Depending on the vehicle architecture, all onboard sensing data can be accessed by the local controllers, or only some. Control inputs vary across different automakers, with inputs ranging from torque or acceleration requests for some cars, and electronic selection of ACC set points in others. The proposed architecture allows for the combination of all possible settings proposed above. Most configurations were tested throughout the ramp up to the MegaVandertest.

Lee, Jonathan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Preliminary Design of Nuclear Reactor Heat Delivery Systems: Integration with Reference Oil Refinery, Methanol Synthesis, and Hydrogen Production

The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Integrated Energy Systems (IES) program is generating comprehensive analyses validating the opportunity for using nuclear energy in a variety of applications including future clean grids, providing heat for direct use, and providing heat to help reduce emissions in chemical commodities. This work focuses on the preliminary designs of thermal delivery systems that can integrate heat produced from a nuclear core to industrial processes. The key research question that needs to be answered is: what is the prospective method for integrating nuclear generated heat energy into non-electric applications that can facilitate combined heat and power operations by advanced nuclear reactor systems? This research is a composition of case studies showing preliminary conceptual designs for thermal delivery systems integrating advanced nuclear systems with a few industrial systems including high temperature steam electrolysis, a reference oil refinery, and potential future methanol systems that supplant some natural gas use with nuclear energy. Piping and instrumentation diagrams have been developed to show the conceptual integration of nuclear systems with representative industrial systems. Different features of the configurations are dependent on the specific integration requirements including energy source conditions, demand quantity, and require energy application conditions. Design concepts are validated using thermodynamic balance calculations to verify system performance including calculating system losses during transport. Key components: pumps and compressors, heat exchangers, and network piping are reported with key design information and sizing.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Provision for Guaranteed Inertial Response in Diesel-Wind Systems via Model Reference Control

Frequency performance has been a crucial issue for islanded microgrids. On one hand, most distributed energy resources (DER) are converter-interfaced and do not inherently respond to frequency variations. On the other hand, current inertia emulation approach cannot provide guaranteed response. In this paper, a model reference control based inertia emulation strategy is proposed for the diesel-wind systems. Desired inertia can be precisely emulated through the proposed strategy. A typical frequency response model with parametric inertia is set to be the reference model. A measurement at a specific location delivers the information about the disturbance acting on the diesel-wind system to the reference model. The objective is for the speed of the diesel generator to track the reference so that the desired inertial response is realized. In addition, polytopic parameter uncertainty will be considered. The control strategy is configured in different ways according to different operating points. The parameters of the reference model are scheduled to ensure adequate frequency response under a pre-defined worst case. The controller is implemented in a nonlinear three-phase diesel-wind system fed microgrid using the Simulink software platform. Lastly, the results show exact synthetic inertia is emulated and adequate frequency response is achieved.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

27 AlNMR chemical shift of Al(OH)$^{-}_{4}$ calculated from first principles: Assessment of error cancellation in chemically distinct reference and target systems

Predicting accurate nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shieldings relies upon cancellation of different types of errors between the theoretically calculated shielding constant of the analyte of interest and the reference. Often, the intrinsic error in computed shieldings due to basis sets, approximations in the Hamiltonian, description of the wave function, and dynamic effects is nearly identical between the analyte and reference, yet if the electronic structure or sensitivity to local environment differs dramatically, this cannot be taken for granted. Detailed prior work has examined the octahedral trivalent cation Al(H 2 O)$^{3+}_{6}$, accounting for ab initio intrinsic errors. However, the use of this species as a reference for the chemically distinct tetrahedral anion Al(OH)$^{-}_{4}$ requires an understanding of how these errors cancel, in order to define the limits of accurately predicting 27 Al chemical shielding in Al(OH)$^{-}_{4}$. In this work, we estimate the absolute shielding of the 27 Al nucleus in Al(OH)$^{-}_{4}$ at the coupled cluster level (515.1± 5.3 ppm). Shielding sensitivity to the choice of method approximation and atomic basis sets used has been evaluated. Solvent and thermal effects are assessed through ensemble averaging techniques using ab-initio molecular dynamics. The contribution of each type of intrinsic error is assessed for the Al(H 2 O)$^{3+}_{6}$ and Al(OH)$^{-}_{4}$ ions, revealing significant differences that fundamentally hamper the ability to accurately calculate the 27 Al chemical shift of Al(OH)$^{-}_{4}$ from first principles.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗