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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Thermal and Reliability Characterization of an Epoxy Resin-Based Double-Side Cooled Power Module

Wide-Band Gap (WBG) power devices have become a promising option for high-power applications due to the superior material properties over traditional Silicon. To not limit WBG devices’ mother nature, a rugged and high-performance power device packaging solution is necessary. This study proposes a Double-Side Cooled (DSC) 1.2 kV half-bridge power module having dual epoxy resin insulated metal substrate (eIMS) for solving convectional power module challenges and providing a cost-effective solution. The thermal performance outperforms traditional Alumina (Al2O3) Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) DSC power module due to moderate thermal conductivity (10 W/mK) and thin (120 mm) epoxy resin composite dielectric working as the IMS insulation layer. This novel organic dielectric can withstand high voltage (5 kVAC @ 120 μm) and has a Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) of 300°C, which is suitable for high-power applications. In the thermal-mechanical modeling, the organic DSC power module can pass the thermal cycling test over 1,000 cycles by optimizing the mechanical properties of the encapsulant material. In conclusion, this article not only proposes a competitive organic-based power module but also a methodology of evaluation for thermal and mechanical performance.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Zwitterionic Photocurable Resin for High‐Resolution 3D Printing of Ultralow‐Fouling Microstructures

High‐resolution 3D printing technologies are enabling a new generation of microstructured materials for applications where biocompatibility is critical. However, most conventional 3D‐printable resins yield materials that exhibit trade‐offs between antifouling properties and mechanical robustness, limiting their applicability in living systems. In nature, zwitterionic surface groups form tightly bound hydration layers that act as effective barriers against protein and cell attachment. Inspired by this strategy, a zwitterionic acrylamide‐based photoresist—carboxybetaine di‐methacrylamide (CBDA)—is developed for projection‐based vat photopolymerization, enabling the fabrication of complex microarchitectures with exceptional antifouling properties. The bifunctional monomer allows the formation of dense, cross‐linked networks that resist swelling while maintaining a high density of zwitterionic groups. Printed structures exhibit strong resistance to protein and cell adhesion, as confirmed by porcine blood assays, alongside robust mechanical performance. As a demonstration, a tubular structure featuring a negative Poisson's ratio lattice is printed to showcase structural fidelity and versatility. This resin formulation offers a broadly applicable strategy for fabricating microscale devices and surfaces where antifouling performance and structural integrity are both essential—spanning biomedical interfaces, soft robotics, and beyond.

3D printing↗
DOE OSTI2024

Extraction of 88 Y, 152 Eu, 228 Ac, 241 Am, and 244 Cm with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) resin

In this report the behavior of 88 Y, 152 Eu, 228 Ac, 241 Am, and 244 Cm was studied with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone resin with batch uptake, kinetics and column studies. Studies were performed in acetate buffer solutions (pH ~ 2 to ~ 6) and there was high uptake of all isotopes, except 228 Ac, at pH > 4.5. The kinetics of uptake were reasonable, although slower for the actinides, and sufficient for column studies. The retention of 88 Y, 152 Eu, and 241 Am on the resin in column studies was demonstrated as well as a reasonable separation of these isotopes from 228 Ac.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2020

Extraction chromatography of 225 Ac and lanthanides on N,N-dioctyldiglycolamic acid /1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide solvent impregnated resin

The alpha-emitter 225 Ac (t 1/2 = 9.92 d) is currently under development for targeted alpha-particle therapy of cancer, and accelerator production of 225 Ac via proton irradiation of thorium targets requires robust separations of 225 Ac from chemically similar fission product lanthanides. Additionally, the lanthanide elements represent critical components in modern technologies, and radiolanthanides such as 140 Nd (t 1/2 = 3.37 d) also have potential application in the field of nuclear medicine. The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][NTf 2 ]), combined with the diglycolamide extractant, N,N-dioctyldiglycolamic acid (DODGAA), was adsorbed on macroporous resin support to produce a solvent impregnated resin (SIR) that was investigated for separations of 225 Ac and lanthanides. The equilibrium distribution coefficients (Kd) of the rare earth elements (Sc(III), Y(III), Ln(III)), 225 Ac(III), Th(IV), and U(VI) on the prepared DODGAA/[Bmim][NTf 2 ]-SIR were determined from batch adsorption experiments in HCl and HNO 3 media. The DODGAA/[Bmim][NTf2]-SIR exhibited preferential uptake of the heavier lanthanide elements while allowing for the separation of the lighter lanthanides. Column separations utilizing the DODGAA/[Bmim][NTf 2 ]-SIR were effective at separating the lighter lanthanides from each other, and separating 225 Ac from a mixture of lanthanides, 213 Bi, and 225 Ra without the need for additional complexing agents.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Part II: Predicting performance of $\mathrm{DOWEX 21K}$ resin for remediation of comingled contaminants in groundwater

The selectivity of ion exchange (IX) resins for aqueous contaminant removal can be impacted by changing concentrations of competing natural groundwater ions. In a two-part investigation, the Hanford Site 200 West Area pump-and-treat (P&T) facility in Washington State, USA is used as a case study to evaluate the performance of two IX resins for groundwater treatment: Purolite® A532E for pertechnetate (TcO 4 - ) removal, explored in Part I, and DOWEX 21K (DOWEX) for uranium (U) removal. In Part II, DOWEX selectivity for U, as uranyl carbonate species, and uptake kinetics is quantified in a series of laboratory-scale aqueous batch experiments containing Hanford-relevant concentrations of competing anions nitrate (NO 3 - ), sulfate (SO 4 2- ), chloride (Cl - ), and carbonate (CO 3 2- ), as well as co-mingled contaminant TcO 4 - . Here the results demonstrate that DOWEX trimethylammonium functional groups are highly selective for U carbonate species (85–100 % uptake) under all conditions investigated. Only NO 3 - concentrations of 100 mM were shown to decrease U removal, with the extent (85–99 %) depending on competing anion concentrations present in solution. However, at the highest NO 3 - concentrations reported for groundwaters treated at the P&T facility (25 mM), the effect on U uptake is minimal. The batch sorption results are modeled to obtain chloride normalized equilibrium exchange coefficients (K) for predicting DOWEX performance: K SO4--/Cl- = 2.0, K NO3-/Cl- = 5.0, K HCO3-/Cl- = 1.5, K TcO4-/Cl- = 2,000, and K U/Cl- = 50,000. These K values predict little effect of current and future influent chemistries on U removal by DOWEX, where both uranyl carbonate species and TcO 4 - are removed such that effluent concentrations meet groundwater treatment requirements.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Impact of temperature on light yield and pulse shape discrimination of polysiloxane-based organic scintillators formulated with commercial resins

This work investigates how increased temperature affects neutron/ discrimination and light yield (LY) in several different polysiloxane-based scintillators doped with either 9,9-dimethyl-2-phenylflourene (PhF) or 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) as a primary fluorophore and 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-di((E)-styryl) fluorene (SFS) as the secondary fluorophore. The polysiloxane matrices were prepared from the commercial resins Wacker Lumisil 579 or Shin-Etsu KER-6000. Control scintillators were prepared from poly(vinyltoluene) (PVT), the industry standard matrix, as a reference point for LY and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) measurements. Samples with PhF and PPO dopant concentrations of 1 wt% and 5 wt% in the polysiloxanes and 3 wt% and 5 wt% in the PVT samples were tested at 20 °C, 35 °C, and 50 °C. In the polysiloxane samples, the KER-6000 resin outperformed the Wacker 579 and PhF proved to be a better dopant than PPO in both LY and PSD capabilities. Polysiloxane scintillators showed slight decreases in LY and increases in neutron/discrimination at increased temperatures, while PVT scintillators showed a similar LY decrease with little to no improvement in neutron/discrimination at increased temperatures. Altogether, polysiloxane scintillators may not require recalibration in applications where temperatures increase up to 50 °C.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

MOLLER Spectrometer Magnet Design With Measured Mechanical Properties of Irradiated S2-Glass Reinforced Cyanate Ester Resin at Elevated Temperature

Here, the aim of this study was to retire the risk of maintaining the integrity of S2-glass reinforced CTD-403 (a cyanate ester resin) that is exposed to radiation and elevated temperature over the life of the measurement of a lepton–lepton electroweak reaction (MOLLER) experiment in experimental Hall A at Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA. In this article, the shear strength and flexural modulus of irradiated S2-glass reinforced CTD-403 specimens were measured at 65 °C (the magnets are to operate at less than 65 °C) under two scenarios: vacuum and gaseous nitrogen. The testing method is the short-beam shear (SBS) test according to ASTM D2344. The specimens were exposed to neutrons and gamma rays up to 124 MGy. The results show that specimens have excellent resistance against radiation, only 23% degradation of apparent shear strength with 124 MGy at 65 °C under vacuum. At the highest dose areas of the coils, tungsten plates are used to reduce the radiation dose to the resin system. The conclusion is that S2-glass reinforced CTD-403 is well-suited for electrical insulation of MOLLER magnets.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Resin Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Reversible oxidative modifications on protein thiols have recently emerged as important mediators of cellular function. Herein we describe the detailed procedure of a quantitative redox proteomics method that utilizes resin-assisted capture (RAC) in combination with tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric labeling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to allow multiplexed stochiometric quantification of oxidized protein thiols at the proteome level. The site-specific quantitative information on oxidized cysteine residues provides additional insight into the functional impacts of such modifications. The workflow is adaptable across many sample types including cultured cells (e.g. mammalian, prokaryotic) and whole tissues (e.g. heart, lung, muscle) which are initially lysed/homogenized with free thiols being alkylated to prevent artificial oxidation. The oxidized protein thiols are then reduced and captured by a thiol affinity resin which streamlines and simplifies the workflow steps by allowing the proceeding digestion, labeling, and washing procedures to be performed without additional transfer of proteins/peptides. Finally, labeled peptides are eluted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS to reveal comprehensive stoichiometric changes related to thiol oxidation across the entire proteome. This method greatly improves our understanding of the role of redox dependent regulation under physiological and pathophysiological states related to protein thiol oxidation.

RAC, TMT, thiol redox proteomics, cysteine, PTM st↗
DOE OSTI2021

Vegetation Warming Experiment: 15N Uptake Experiment Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Resins, Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska, 2018

This dataset consists of inorganic ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate bound to anion and cation binding resins deployed from July through September 2018 in the surface soils of vegetation warming experiment enclosures and paired control plots. Vegetation warming chambers (Zero Power) were deployed on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO), Utqiagvik, Alaska. These chambers (Figure 1) consistently elevated air temperatures by approximately 4°C using a self-venting system described by Lewin et al (2017). Five chambers were deployed from June 17, 2018 to September 24, 2018 on the BEO within a 1 km2 area centered on 71.275N, -156.641W. Each chamber was co-located with an ambient plot where temperatures were not manipulated on patches of tundra containing the target species Arctagrostis latifolia. An intensive field campaign in late July investigated the impact of warming had on A. latifolia biomass, chemistry, and uptake of 15N labeled ammonia that was injected into the surface soils for one week. Initial measurements were taken on July 21, 2018. Harvest occurred on July 27, 2018. Water-extractable nutrients in soils were measured in July following harvests of A. latifolia plants and underlying soils. Availability of ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate throughout the growing season was measured by extracting nutrients bound to anion and cation binding resins deployed from July through September. Environmental variables (thaw depth, surface soil temperatures, surface soil moisture) were measured. Leaf traits and root traits of A. latifolia were also measured. Included is one *.csv data file and one *.pdf user guide. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of Extraction Chromatography Resins for Metal Ion Separations in Analytical Radiochemistry

Extraction chromatography resins are widely used in pretreatment for such as the analysis of radionuclides and metal ions, as well as the quantification of isotopes. These resins have been developed for the purpose of improving selectivity, reducing the generation amount of waste liquid, and performing simpler and faster separation compared with other separation methods such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, and coprecipitation. This paper explains, in an easy-to-understand manner, this extraction chromatography, including extractants, diluents, solid supports, etc. (A.O.)

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2020

Devices and methods for removing dissolved ions from water using composite resin electrodes

The present invention provides for a device useful or removing dissolved ions from water comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. The present invention provides for a device useful for removing dissolved ions from water comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. The present invention also provides for a method for removing dissolved ions from water comprising providing said device, and using it thereof.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Renewable polymers and resins and methods of making the same

The present disclosure relates to methods for producing polymers and resins, the method including a first reacting of at least a first diamine with a first carbonate-containing compound and a second carbonate-containing compound to produce at least one of the polymer or the resin, where the first reacting is according to each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 include at least one of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a saturated hydrocarbon chain, and/or an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, and R comprises at least one of a carbon atom, a saturated hydrocarbon chain, and/or an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain.

Dong, Tao↗
DOE OSTI2023

Method of controlled conversion of thermosetting resins and additive manufacturing thereof by selective laser sintering

The invention is directed to a method of controlled conversion of thermosetting resins and additive manufacturing thereof by selective laser sintering. Partial curing of a thermosetting formulation can be used to increase the T g of the resin and minimize the additional cure needed to cross-link a printed object. After printing, the partially cured material is finally cured via a slow temperature ramp maintained just below the material's evolving T g .

Campbell, C. Garrett↗
DOE OSTI2023

Photocurable resins for volumetric additive manufacturing

Methods and materials for volumetric additive manufacturing, including computed axial lithography (“CAL”), using photosensitive resins comprising a photocurable resin prepolymer; a photoinitiator; and (optionally) a curing inhibitor. In various embodiments, such photosensitive polymers comprise (a) one or more monomer (or prepolymer) molecules, which form the backbone of the polymer network of the polymeric material and define its architecture; and (b) a photoinitiator that captures illumination energy and initiates polymerization.

Shusteff, Maxim↗
DOE OSTI2023

Free fatty acid separation and recovery using resin

The disclosure provides various methods for separating and recovering free fatty acids crude oil containing free fatty acids using certain ion-exchange resins to reduce the amount of free fatty acids in the crude oil to 3% or less such that the resultant oil is useable in downstream chemical processes. After separation and removal of the free fatty acids form the crude oil, the ion-exchange resin is reusable in further free fatty acid separation reactions.

Singh, Vijay↗
DOE OSTI2022

Coupling of nitric acid digestion and anion-exchange resin separation for the determination of methylmercury isotopic composition within organisms

Isotope ratios of methylmercury (MeHg) within organisms can be used to identify sources of MeHg that have accumulated in food webs, but these isotopic compositions are masked in organisms at lower trophic levels by the presence of inorganic mercury (iHg). To facilitate measurement of MeHg isotope ratios in organisms, we developed a method of extracting and isolating MeHg from fsh and aquatic invertebrates for compound-specifc isotopic analysis involving nitric acid digestion, batch anion-exchange resin separation, and pre-concentration by purge and trap. Recovery of MeHg was quantifed after each step in the procedure, and the average cumulative recovery of MeHg was 93.4±2.9% (1 SD, n=28) for biological reference materials and natural biota samples and 96.9±1.8% (1 SD, n=5) for aqueous MeHgCl standards. The amount of iHg impurities was also quantifed after each step, and the average MeHg purity was 97.8±4.3% (1 SD, n=28) across all reference materials and natural biota samples after the fnal separation step. Measured MeHg isotopic compositions of reference materials agreed with literature values obtained using other MeHg separation techniques, and MeHg isotope ratios of aqueous standards, reference materials, and natural biota samples were reproducible. On average, the reproducibility associated with reference material process replicates (2 SD) was 0.10‰ for δ 202 MeHg and 0.04‰ for Δ 199 MeHg. This new method provides a streamlined, reliable technique that utilizes a single sample aliquot for MeHg concentration and isotopic analysis. Furthermore, this promotes a tight coupling between MeHg concentration, %MeHg, and Hg isotopic composition, which may be especially benefcial for studying complex food webs with multiple isotopically distinct sources of iHg and/or MeHg.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Batch and column studies of radium, actinium, thorium and protactinium on CL resin in nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid

CL resin (TrisKem International) was characterized for separations of radium, actinium, thorium and protactinium. Batch studies are presented for radium, actinium and thorium in HCl and HNO3 as well as for radium, thorium and protactinium in HF. The uptake of thorium from dilute HNO3 (≤ 10 -4 M) and dilute HCl (≤ 10 -4 M) was found to be very high (D w > 100 in HNO 3 and > 1000 in HCl). Kinetics studies on thorium were performed in HCl and HNO 3 to determine suitably for column separations. Six column separation studies are presented including the separation of trace thorium from radium and actinium in dilute HCl and HNO 3 , the separation of radium from 1 mg 232 Th in dilute HCl, the separation of thorium and radium in the presence of HCl and excess Cl-, the separation of radium, protactinium and thorium by retention of protactinium and the separation of protactinium and thorium by retention of thorium.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗