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Jobos Bay Water Resources II: Using Earth Observations to Analyze Shoreline Changes and Understand the Effects of Sea Level Rise in Southern Puerto Rico
High intensity storms and coastal development negatively impact the ecosystems of Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico, by causing reductions in mangrove forests and degradation of water quality. These changes can compromise the ecosystem services, economic value, and cultural significance provided to the community by Jobos Bay. In collaboration with the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (JBNERR), the Jobos Bay Water Resources II team used Earth observations to investigate water quality, watersheds land use land cover (LULC) changes, and the impact of Hurricanes Maria and Irma on mangrove forest area. This information will improve JBNERR’s understanding of the impacts of development and weather events on Jobos Bay, and will inform future shoreline management decisions that ensure continued quality of the ecosystem. Mangrove extent was examined using imagery from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), WorldView 2 WV110, and WorldView 3 WV110. Imagery from Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) was used to map watersheds LULC. Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI data were analyzed with in situ data collected at the time of satellite overpass to investigate water quality in Jobos Bay. Reduction from 2017 mangrove extent was observed in 2018 following the hurricane events, and area of mapped extent was greater than 2018 in 2021. Water quality derived from satellite data was compared to in situ water quality measurements to inform future methodology decisions.
Hawaii Climate: Utilizing Earth Observations to Delineate Wetland Extents, Model Sea Level Rise Inundation Risk, and Assess Impacts on Historic Hawaiian Lands
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Maldives Climate II: Evaluating the Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Human Development and Coastal Infrastructure
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Maldives Climate II: Evaluating the Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Human Development and Coastal Infrastructure
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Investigating the Acceleration of Regional Sea Level Rise During the Satellite Altimeter Era
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River effects on sea-level rise in the Río de la Plata during the past century
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Sea Level Rise in the CESM Large Ensemble: The Role of Individual Climate Forcings and Consequences for the Coming Decades
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Missing Hydrological Contribution to Sea Level Rise
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Autocyclic Secondary Channels Stabilize Deltaic Islands Undergoing Relative Sea Level Rise
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Uncovering the Pattern of Forced Sea Level Rise in the Satellite Altimeter Record
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Polar Processes, Sea Level Rise, and Coastal Impacts
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Polar Processes, Sea Level Rise, & Coastal Impacts
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A Conterminous USA-Scale Map of Relative Tidal Marsh Elevation
Abstract Tidal wetlands provide myriad ecosystem services across local to global scales. With their uncertain vulnerability or resilience to rising sea levels, there is a need for mapping flooding drivers and vulnerability proxies for these ecosystems at a national scale. However, tidal wetlands in the conterminous USA are diverse with differing elevation gradients, and tidal amplitudes, making broad geographic comparisons difficult. To address this, a national-scale map of relative tidal elevation ( Z * MHW ), a physical metric that normalizes elevation to tidal amplitude at mean high water (MHW), was constructed for the first time at 30 × 30-m resolution spanning the conterminous USA. Contrary to two study hypotheses, watershed-level median Z * MHW and its variability generally increased from north to south as a function of tidal amplitude and relative sea-level rise. These trends were also observed in a reanalysis of ground elevation data from the Pacific Coast by Janousek et al. (Estuaries and Coasts 42 (1): 85–98, 2019). Supporting a third hypothesis, propagated uncertainty in Z * MHW increased from north to south as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) errors had an outsized effect under narrowing tidal amplitudes. The drivers of Z * MHW and its variability are difficult to determine because several potential causal variables are correlated with latitude, but future studies could investigate highest astronomical tide and diurnal high tide inequality as drivers of median Z * MHW and Z * MHW variability, respectively. Watersheds of the Gulf Coast often had propagated Z * MHW uncertainty greater than the tidal amplitude itself emphasizing the diminished practicality of applying Z * MHW as a flooding proxy to microtidal wetlands. Future studies could focus on validating and improving these physical map products and using them for synoptic modeling of tidal wetland carbon dynamics and sea-level rise vulnerability analyses.