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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1977

Investigations using data from LANDSAT-2

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT imageries of Mirpur area of Dacca district were used in connection with surveys for black plastic clay. The imageries showed the broad pattern of small valleys cutting into Madhupur clay. Land use maps of Haor areas of Sylhet and Mymensingh districts were prepared. As a test case, two thana areas, namely Nickley and Astogram, were classified in different categories such as crop, settlement, and water. It does not show much agreement with the Agriculture Dept.'s statistics.

Hossain, A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The next 25 years: Industrialization of space: Rationale for planning

The goals of NASA's space industralization program include contributing to increased productivity on earth without taxing the environment, generating new values through extraterrestrial productivity, and providing new growth options for the future which include the permanent settlement of space and long-range colonization and exploration projects. In planning the long-range space program based on essentially utilitarian aspects, without losing sight of the more humanistically significant long term, and to forecast associated technology requirements, a realistic approach is obtained by combining extrapolative and normative planning modes so that common stepping stones can be identified. In the extrapolative view, alternative futures are projected on the basis of past and current trends and tendencies. In the normative view, some ideal state in the far future is envisioned or postulated, and policies and decisions are directed toward its attainment.

Vonputtkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Infrastructure dynamics: A selected bibliography

The term infrastructure is used to denote the set of life support and public service systems which is necessary for the development of growth of human settlements. Included are some basic references in the field of dynamic simulation, as well as a number of relevant applications in the area of infrastructure planning. The intent is to enable the student or researcher to quickly identify such applications to the extent necessary for initiating further work in the field.

Dajani, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Effect of environmental parameters on habitat structural weight and cost

Space-settlement conceptual designs have previously been accomplished using "Earth-normal" physiological conditions. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the habitat weight and cost penalties associated with this conservative design approach. These penalties are identified by comparison of conservative Earth-normal designs with habitats designed to less than Earth-normal conditions. Physiological research areas are also recommended as a necessary prerequisite to realizing these potential weight and cost savings. Major habitat structural elements, that is, pressure shell and radiation shielding, for populations of 10 2 , 10 4 , and 10 6 , are evaluated for effects of atmospheric pressure, pseudo-gravity level, radiation shielding thickness, and habitat configuration. Results show that broader habitable g-ranges, reduced atmospheric pressure, and detached radiation shielding all have a significant effect in reducing habitat costs. Also, a minimum cost per person is discovered for a habitat with a population of about 10 5 , and this cost is independent of habitat configuration.

Edward Bock↗
NASA NTRS1981

Some characteristics and advantages of LANDSAT 3 return beam vidicon images

One advantage of a LANDSAT 3 return beam vidicon (RBV) scene is the synoptic view it provides. A 1:500,000 paper print of the size 19.4 cm x 19.4 cm encompasses an area of about 3,721 square miles (9,637 sq. km.) and this compares very favorably in coverage to small scale aerial photography. A second important advantage is that the ground resolution is 38 by 38 meters. Compared to the resolution of the MSS which is 79 by 79 meters the RBV provides a wealth of detail useful for many purposes. A great variety of man made structures are visible including bridges, roads, docks, and small airfields. Agricultural field patterns are clear and settlements of various sizes can be identified and delineated. A third advantage is related to the approximate panchromatic spectral response displayed in RBV images. Since many aerial photographic interpreters are accustomed to working with panchromatic photographs, they should have no difficulty understanding and putting RBV images immediately into use.

Baker, S.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The politics of space - Who owns what? Earth law for space

Topics of concern in developing space law, i.e., international disagreements, the present status of space law, and requirements for future space activities, are discussed. Factors inhibiting agreements include governments that wish to control specific regions of GEO, the refusal of several countries to permit international DBS television broadcasts over their boundaries, the possibility that weapons may be placed in space, and the lack of international laws governing humans and industries in space. It is noted that any state entering an international agreement has relinquished some of its sovereignty. The Outer Space Treaty has removed celestial bodies from claims of national appropriation. States retain sovereignty over their citizens who travel in space, a problematical concept once internationally-manned settlements in space or on the moon are established. It is recommended that space law develop mainly in reaction to the implementation of new space capabilities in order to avoid hindering space activities.

Hosenball, S. N.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The future of space - Space tomorrow: The Antarctica model

The exploration and settling of Antarctica with permanent bases are used as illustrative points for establishing a permanent human presence in near-earth space. NASA activities since 1958 have spawned the computer science, solid-state electronics, medical electronics, and communications satellites industries, which are also rapidly expanding in other countries, as are space-faring capabilities. Antarctica is a paradigm for space exploration in that it is hard to reach, hostile to human life, and a great amount of planning is necessary to arrive at the destination and survive. Aircraft made permanent settlements possible on Antarctica, just as the Shuttle does for space. A space station would provide the remote base from which exploration of other planets and settling on the moon could proceed.

Beggs, J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Civil benefits of the JVX

The inherently high productivity, VTOL capability, and low noise and vibration features of a civil version of the Joint Services Advanced Vertical Lift Aircraft, or 'JVX', are recommended for commercial exploitation. This tilt-rotor vehicle can provide ground and air traffic congestion relief through direct, city center-to-city center service, economically transporting 30 passengers for distances of up to 600 miles. Additional commercial opportunities emerge in the JVX's servicing of offshore, remote and infrastructureless areas. It is noted that Alaska, more than any other American state, would benefit from the JVX's VTOL access to natural resources and otherwise isolated settlements. The civilian development of the JVX could lead to the development of commercial tilt rotor aircraft for other size classes.

Zuk, J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

What the moon offers mankind - A review of the lunar initiative

It is thought likely that extension of civilization beyond earth may include a permanent settlement on the moon. An analysis of the American civilian space program shows that the required technology for establishing a base on the moon will exist before the end of this century. A manned lunar base is discussed in terms of three distinct functions. The first is related to the scientific investigation of the moon and the application of special properties of the moon to research problems. In connection with the second, attention is given to the development of the capability to utilize the materials of the moon for beneficial purposes throughout the earth-moon system. The last involves research and development leading to a self-sufficient and self-supporting lunar base.

Nozette, S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The case for Mars: Concept development for a Mars research station

A program to establish a permanent scientific research base on Mars is described. A Mars base as the much needed long-term focus for the space program is presented. A permanent base was chosen rather than the more conventional concept of a series of individual missions to different sites because the permanent base offers much greater scientific return plus greater crew safety and the potential for eventual growth into a settlement. The Mars base will strive for self-sufficiency and autonomy from Earth. Martian resources will be used to provide life support materials and consumables. The Martian atmosphere will provide a convenient source of volatiles: CO2, N2, and water. Rocket propellant (for returning vehicles), fuels, breathable air, and fertilizers will be manufactured from Mars air. Food will be grown on Mars using Martian materials as plant nutrients. A permanent human presence will be maintained on Mars beginning with the first manned landing via a strategy of crew overlap. This permanent presence will ensure safety and reliability of systems through continuous tending, maintenance, and expansion of the base's equipment and systems. A permanent base will allow the development of a substantial facility on Mars for the same cost (in terms of Earth departure mass) as a series of temporary camps. A base equipped with surface rovers, airplanes, and the ability to manufacture consumables and return propellant will allow far more extensive planetary exploration over a given period of years than would approaches featuring a series of short exploration missions such as the Apollo Moon program.

Welch, S. M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Origin of fractures, Martian polygonal terrain

It has been proposed that the origin of the polygonally fractured terrain on Mars is due to stress caused by differential settling of material deposited over an irregular base topography. The eventual goal of this study is to evaluate this proposal by construction of mathematical models for this process. These models will attempt to determine what combinations of base topography, covering material composition, and depositional rate would cause the fractures observed. Because fracture formation would largely be a function of generated stress, the first step in modeling is calculation of stresses created during settlement.

Hills, L. Scott↗
NASA NTRS1987

The human quest in space; Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD, Mar. 20, 21, 1986

Papers are presented on the Space Station, materials processing in space, the status of space remote sensing, the evolution of space infrastructure, and the NASA Teacher Program. Topics discussed include visionary technologies, the effect of intelligent machines on space operations, future information technology, and the role of nuclear power in future space missions. Consideration is given to the role of humans in space exploration; medical problems associated with long-duration space flights; lunar and Martian settlements, and Biosphere II (the closed ecology project).

Burdett, Gerald L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Debarment and suspension

The changing Government attitude toward contractor debarment and suspension is examined, with emphasis on the fact that the Government is more alert to fraud, waste, and abuse. Consideration is given to causes of debarment or suspension, procedures and due process hearings, settlement agreements, compliance programs, and recent related legislation. It is concluded that the change in the Government contracting environment in recent years should be sufficient incentive for contractors to monitor their operations more closely.

Whelan, Thomas J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Environmental control and life support system requirements and technology needs for advanced manned space missions

NASA has completed an environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) technology R&D plan for advanced missions which gave attention to the drivers (crew size, mission duration, etc.) of a range of manned missions under consideration. Key planning guidelines encompassed a time horizon greater than 50 years, funding resource requirements, an evolutionary approach to goal definition, and the funding of more than one approach to satisfy a given perceived requirement. Attention was given to the ECLSS requirements of transportation and service vehicles, platforms, bases and settlements, ECLSS functions and average load requirements, unique drivers for various missions, and potentially exploitable commonalities among vehicles and habitats.

Powell, Ferolyn T.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Science objectives in the lunar base advocacy

The author considers the potential function of astronomy in planning for a lunar base during the 21st century. He is one of the leading advocates for a permanent settlement on the Moon and has given considerable thought to the possible impact of such a station on science. He considers the rationale for a lunar base, research on the Moon, and the definition of science objectives.

Mendell, Wendell W.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Uranium-series dated authigenic carbonates and Acheulian sites in southern Egypt

Field investigations of aggraded paleovalleys, which were identified in southern Egypt using SIR, are discussed. Acheulian artifacts were found in authigenic carbonate deposites along the edges of the paleovalleys. Uranium series dating of 25 carbonate samples shows that widespread carbonate deposition in the area occurred about 45, 141, and 212 thousand years ago. Analysis of the carbonate suggests that the deposition may be related to late Pleistocene humid climates that facilitated human settlement in the region.

Szabo, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Beyond earth's boundaries

The USA has adopted the long-term goal of exploring the space frontier, including establishing human settlements beyond Earth orbit. This article describes four candidate missions for developing pathways into the Solar System which have been identified by NASA's Office of Exploration: human expeditions to Phobos and Mars, a lunar observatory and a lunar outpost to assist Mars explorations. The requirements placed upon near-term programmes by each of these missions are outlined and the elements necessary for a long-term implementation strategy are analysed.

Alan Ladwig↗