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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Stabilized photoanodes for water oxidation by integration of organic dyes, water oxidation catalysts, and electron-transfer mediators

Stabilized photoanodes for light-driven water oxidation have been prepared on nanoparticle core/shell electrodes with surface-stabilized donor–acceptor chromophores, a water oxidation catalyst, and an electron-transfer mediator. Here, for the electrode, fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO|SnO 2 /TiO 2 |-Org1-|1.1 nm Al 2 O 3 |-RuP 2+ -WOC (water oxidation catalyst) with Org1 (1-cyano-2-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl)phosphonic acid), the mediator RuP 2+ ([Ru(4,4-(PO 3 H 2 ) 2 -2,2-bipyridine)(2,2-bipyridine) 2 ] 2+ ), and the WOC, Ru(bda)(py(CH 2 ) (3or10) P(O 3 H) 2 ) 2 (bda is 2,2-bipyridine-6,6-dicarboxylate with x = 3 or 10), solar excitation resulted in photocurrents of ~500 µA/cm 2 and quantitative O 2 evolution at pH 4.65. Related results were obtained for other Ru(II) polypyridyl mediators. For the organic dye PP (5-(4-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)phenyl)-10,15,20-Tris(mesityl)porphyrin), solar water oxidation occurred with a driving force near 0 V.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Insights into Copper Sulfide Formation from Cu and S K edge XAS and DFT studies

An understanding of the fundamentals of the reaction between CuO with trace amounts of H 2 S to form CuS products is critical for the optimal utilization of this process in sulfur removal applications. Unfortunately, CuS is a complex material, featuring various Cu 2-x S compounds (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1), distorted crystal phases, and varying electronic structures and coordination environments of Cu and S ions. In this work, we combine ex situ and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at S and Cu K edges, fixed bed sorption experiments, DFT simulations, and other characterization techniques to speciate the CuS products formed at different temperatures (298–383 K) and from CuO sorbents with different crystallite sizes (2.8–40 nm). The results of our analysis identify the formation of a distorted CuS layer at the surface of CuO crystals with disulfide groups with shorter Cu–S bonds and higher delocalization of the positive charge of the Cu center into (S 1– )2. This distorted CuS layer dominates the XAS signal at lower temperatures (298–323 K) and at the initial stages of sulfidation at higher temperatures (353 and 383 K) where conversion is low (<40%). First-principles atomistic simulations confirm the thermodynamic favorability of the formation of surface (S 1– )2 on both CuO (111) and ($\bar{1}11$) surfaces, providing further support for our experimental observations. Furthermore, these simulations reveal that the presence of disulfide bonds stabilized surface hydroxyl groups, leading to lower Gibbs Free Energies of their surface migration.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Molybdenum Disulfide as a Protection Layer and Catalyst for Gallium Indium Phosphide Solar Water Splitting Photocathodes

Gallium indium phosphide (GaInP2) is a semiconductor with promising optical and electronic properties for solar water splitting, but its surface stability is problematic as it undergoes significant chemical and electrochemical corrosion in aqueous electrolytes. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials are promising to both protect GaInP2 and to improve catalysis since MoS2 is resistant to corrosion and also possesses high activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, we demonstrate that GaInP2 photocathodes coated with thin MoS2 surface protecting layers exhibit excellent activity and stability for solar hydrogen production, with no loss in performance (photocurrent onset potential, fill factor, and light limited current density) after 60 hours of operation. This represents a five-hundred fold increase in stability compared to bare p-GaInP2 samples tested in identical conditions.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

New Insights into the Bulk and Surface Defect Structures of Ceria Nanocrystals from Neutron Scattering Study

Neutron diffraction and pair distribution function studies coupled with Raman spectroscopy have successfully unraveled the detailed oxygen defect structures of ceria nanocubes and nanorods. Two types of defect sites are revealed for the ceria nanocrystals: surface and bulk defects. It is proposed that the surface oxygen defects in both types of CeO 2 nanocrystals are predominantly the partially reduced Ce 3 O 5+x , with the bulk defect structures dominated by interstitial Frenkel-type oxygen vacancies. Ceria nanorods possess much higher concentration of surface oxygen defects relative to the nanocubes, albeit with only slightly higher concentration of bulk Frenkel-type oxygen vacancies. Upon annealing the nanorod sample at 600 °C under vacuum (~10 –4 to 10 –5 mbar), a partially reduced ceria phase with long-range oxygen vacancy ordering (Ce 3 O 5+x ) has been observed experimentally for the first time. This intriguing observation that surface defect phases can take on ordered defect sublattices under certain conditions is of great value in understanding the temperature-dependent catalytic performance of ceria nanocrystals. Furthermore, a drastic decrease of the surface vacancies in the ceria nanocrystals is observed upon exposure to SO 2 , especially for the nanorods, a likely origin for the sulfur poisoning effect on ceria-based materials. This study suggests that tailoring surface morphology is a promising strategy to control defect properties of ceria nanomaterials. It also provides fundamental insights to stabilize surface oxygen defects in CeO 2 nanocrystals to achieve high redox performance under corrosive environments such as under SO 2 /SO x exposure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Photoelectrode Durability in Two- versus Three-Electrode Configurations: Understanding the Impact of Circuit Configuration on Water-Splitting Stability

Device durability remains a significant challenge in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting under ambient conditions. Yet, a lack of understanding of the test configuration and applied bias effects continue to hinder progress. In this study, we differentiate two-electrode (2E) and three-electrode (3E) configurations for evaluating PEC material durability, focusing particularly on their impacts on photoabsorber solid-state operating conditions. Our results underscore the fallacy of inferring 2E device stability from durability measurements performed solely in 3E configurations. Unmeasured and often misunderstood total circuit bias in 3E tests moderates material degradation, leading to the overestimation of photoelectrode stability compared to short-circuit operation. We demonstrate how the photoabsorber's operating voltage critically governs charge separation, surface stability, and degradation mechanisms during PEC operation. With these findings, we propose a standardized framework for conducting more reliable 3E durability experiments that simulate unassisted performance to help accelerate the development of robust, stable materials for solar-driven water splitting.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Improved Representations of Longwave Surface Emissivity to Reduce Surface and Atmospheric Heating Biases in Earth System Models

Abstract Many Earth system models (ESMs) approximate surface emissivity as a broadband constant. This approximation reduces the computational burden, yet omits the spectral structure of emissivity and atmospheric absorption. Neglecting spectral variation in surface emission introduces biases in longwave (LW) atmospheric fluxes and heating. Biases are strongest over surfaces with strongly varying emissivity and minimal atmospheric opacity. We examine these biases over water, ice, and snow surfaces. We partition spectral emissivity into the 16 spectral bands utilized by a single‐column atmospheric radiative transfer model (RRTMG_LW) commonly used in ESMs. We quantify flux and heating biases introduced by broadband assumptions relative to the spectrally resolved case for standard atmospheric profiles over each surface type. Current assumptions tend to overestimate upwelling surface fluxes; for example, the greybody assumption overestimates flux by 1.6 W/m 2 (0.52%) at the bottom of a mid‐latitude winter atmosphere over ice, and by 2.33 (1.0%) at the top of atmosphere. The blackbody assumption tends to artificially cool Earth's surface, stabilizing the lower troposphere. Interestingly, the optimal broadband emissivity can deviate from the Planck‐weighted mean by up to 3% depending on surface type and atmospheric profile. We investigate bias sensitivity to surface temperature, cloud water path, and atmospheric water vapor. Bias is most sensitive to water vapor content, and least sensitive to cloud water path. Lastly, we show that a modified greybody method with updated broadband values can reduce total surface flux bias up to 1.69 , comparable to a five‐band approach and at a fraction of the computational cost.

Manzo, L. [Department of Earth System Science Univ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Calcium Gradient-Doped LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 Cathode for Long Cycle Life Lithium-Ion Batteries

High-voltage spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) has attracted considerable attention as a cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high operating voltage and intrinsically fast lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. However, the practical implementation of LNMO remains limited by its rapid capacity decay, primarily associated with bulk structural instability and parasitic interfacial reactions. To address these issues, we innovatively introduced calcium (Ca) as a dopant to enhance both the oxygen framework and surface stabilities of the LNMO crystal through gradient doping. Observations from the electronic microscopies, X-ray diffraction, and the elemental analysis confirmed that Ca is preferentially enriched at the particle surface, and a disordered crystal phase is preserved in the bulk in the gradient-doped LNMO cathodes. As cathodes in LIBs, the Ca gradient-doped (Ca gr) LNMO materials delivered formation capacities of ∼126−130 mAh/g and exhibited Coulombic efficiencies of 88−95%, which are consistently higher than those of the uniform-doped samples at the same doping level and undoped sample. Especially, the Ca gr 0.05 LNMO cathode demonstrated significantly improved rate capability with ∼113 mAh/g preserved at 10 C, while ∼92 mAh/g and ∼110 mAh/g for undoped and Ca uniform 0.05 LNMO, respectively, and excellent cycling stability, retaining ∼124.1 mAh/g (∼96.3% capacity retention) after 500 cycles. The analysis of cyclic voltammetry, differential capacity, and electrochemical impedance revealed that the excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the structural and morphological advantages of gradient-doped LNMO cathodes with a disordered bulk structure for fast Li + diffusion and a Ca-enriched surface for minimizing the Mn dissolution.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Enabling stable and high-rate cycling of a Ni-rich layered oxide cathode for lithium-ion batteries by modification with an artificial Li⁺-conducting cathode-electrolyte interphase

Ni-rich LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811) cathodes are investigated to realize high energy density Li ion batteries for long life electric vehicle applications. However, capacity decay and thermal instability due to cathode-electrolyte interfacial degradation remain challenges that require sophisticated surface stabilization methods to address. Here, we propose a strategy, for the first time, to form an artificial Li + -conducting cathode-electrolyte interphase (ALCEI) on the NCM811 cathode surface using a nucleophilic reaction between polysulfides and vinylene carbonate (VC). Furthemore, the as-formed ALCEI layer simultaneously protects the NCM particles from electrolyte corrosion and facilitates Li + ion transport, thus enabling stable and high rate cycling of NCM811. As a result, the ALCEI-modified NCM811 cathode exhibits a high capacity (211.6 mA h g -1 at 0.1C), notable rate capability (134 mA h g -1 at 10C), and superior cycle stability (94.2% over 200 cycles at 1C). These results underscore the use of interfacial engineering in high voltage cathode material development and provide a feasible strategy for stabilizing Ni-rich cathode interfaces in practical Li ion battery applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Atomic‐Scale Surface Imaging of Bulk Epitaxial CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Single Crystals on Mica Using Light Assisted Scanning Tunneling Microscopy at Low‐Temperature (80 K)

Epitaxial single-crystalline CsPbBr 3 perovskite films on mica, prepared ex situ, are explored using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by probing the unoccupied electronic states of their surface in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at 80 K. Light-assisted STM measurements under a broadband illumination with visible light were employed to enhance and stabilize surface conductivity. STM imaging across the surface of macroscopic bulk CsPbBr 3 films reveals large flat terraces characterized by a specific type of surface reconstruction, consisting of parallel rows of U-shaped atomic nanostructures. These structures are spaced by 12 Å and exhibit an internal feature size of 5.1 Å. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reproduce the experimental observations and reveal a competition between different orthorhombic CsPbBr 3 (110) surface reconstructions: a Cs-rich structure, identified as the most energetically stable, and three alternative Pb–Br-rich reconstructions, which are slightly higher in energy yet remain consistent with the STM data. Additional analyses that explicitly account for the mica substrate exclude the cubic CsPbBr 3 phase and other orthorhombic surface orientations, while showing that variations in the mica surface termination do not alter the preferred CsPbBr 3 (110) reconstruction. In conclusion, this combined approach thereby confirms our assignment and resolves previous STM interpretations of CsPbBr 3 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

A High‐Rate Li–CO 2 Battery Enabled by 2D Medium‐Entropy Catalyst

Abstract Lithium‐air batteries based on CO 2 reactant (Li–CO 2 ) have recently been of interest because it has been found that reversible Li/CO 2 electrochemistry is feasible. In this study, a new medium‐entropy cathode catalyst, (NbTa) 0.5 BiS 3 , that enables the reversible electrochemistry to operate at high rates is presented. This medium entropy cathode catalyst is combined with an ionic liquid‐based electrolyte blend to give a Li–CO 2 battery that operates at high current density of 5000 mA g −1 and capacity of 5000 mAh g −1 for up to 125 cycles, far exceeding reported values in the literature for this type of battery. The higher rate performance is believed to be due to the greater stability of the multi‐element (NbTa) 0.5 BiS 3 catalyst because of its higher entropy compared to previously used catalysts with a smaller number of elements with lower entropies. Evidence for this comes from computational studies giving very low surface energies (high surface stability) for (NbTa) 0.5 BiS 3 and transmission electron microscopystudies showing the structure being retained after cycling. In addition, the calculations indicate that Nb‐terminated surface promotes Li–CO 2 electrochemistry resulting in Li 2 CO 3 and carbon formation, consistent with the products found in the cell. These results open new direction to design and develop high‐performance Li–CO 2 batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Pore-Filling Induced Solid Electrolyte Failure of Ti-Doped Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 Characterized by Operando Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography

Solid-state batteries (SSBs), particularly those utilizing sodium metal, are emerging as a promising technology due to their potential for enhanced safety, higher energy density, and longer cycle life. NASICON (Na superionic conductor) materials, known for their robust crystalline structure and high ionic conductivity, are pivotal in the development of efficient sodium all-solid-state batteries. These materials exhibit high room-temperature ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, making them ideal for various applications. Research has focused on improving NASICON's ionic conductivity and stability through doping, interface regulation, and composite anode design. Recent advancements include Ti-doped Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 (Ti-NZSP), which demonstrates improved surface stability, higher ionic conductivity, and increased critical current density. However, challenges such as Na dendrite formation and mechanical integrity under operational conditions persist. Advanced imaging techniques like operando synchrotron X-ray tomography have provided insights into failure mechanisms, revealing that pore-filling and dendrite growth are significant issues. Understanding these processes is essential for enhancing the performance and safety of Na-based SSBs. Here, this study underscores the need for continued research to address these challenges and develop reliable, high-performance solid-state electrolytes for future energy storage solutions.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

FreeMHD: Validation and verification of the open-source, multi-domain, multi-phase solver for electrically conductive flows

The extreme heat fluxes in the divertor region of tokamaks may require an alternative to solid plasma-facing components, for the extraction of heat and the protection of the surrounding walls. Flowing liquid metals are proposed as an alternative, but raise additional challenges that require investigation and numerical simulations. Free surface designs are desirable for plasma-facing components, but steady flow profiles and surface stability must be ensured to limit undesirable interactions with the plasma. Previous studies have mainly used steady-state, 2D, or simplified models for internal flows and have not been able to adequately model free-surface liquid metal (LM) experiments. Therefore, FreeMHD has been recently developed as an open-source magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solver for free-surface electrically conductive flows subject to a strong external magnetic field. The FreeMHD solver computes incompressible free-surface flows with multi-region coupling for the investigation of MHD phenomena involving fluid and solid domains. The model utilizes the finite-volume OpenFOAM framework under the low magnetic Reynolds number approximation. FreeMHD is validated using analytical solutions for the velocity profiles of closed channel flows with various Hartmann numbers and wall conductance ratios. Next, experimental measurements are then used to verify FreeMHD, through a series of cases involving dam breaking, 3D magnetic fields, and free-surface LM flows. These results demonstrate that FreeMHD is a reliable tool for the design of LM systems under free surface conditions at the reactor scale. Furthermore, it is flexible, computationally inexpensive, and can be used to solve fully 3D transient MHD flows.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Theoretical Investigation of the Structural Stabilities of Ceria Surfaces and Supported Metal Nanocluster in Vapor and Aqueous Phases

Understanding the structural stability and dynamics at the interface between the solid metal oxide and aqueous phase is significant in a variety of industrial applications including heterogeneous catalysis and environmental remediation. In the present work, the stabilities of three low-index ceria (CeO2) surfaces, i.e., (111), (110) and (100) in vapor and aqueous phases were studied using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Gibbs surface free energies as a function of temperature, water partial pressure, and water coverages were calculated using DFT based atomistic thermodynamic approach. On the basis of surface free energies, the morphology and exposed surface structures of the CeO2 nanoparticle were predicted using Wulff construction principle. It is found that the partially hydroxylated (111) and (100) are two major surface structures of CeO2 nanoparticles in vapor phase at ambient temperature (300 K). As the temperature increases, the fully dehydrated (111) surface gradually becomes the most dominant surface structure. While in aqueous phase, the exposed surface of the CeO2 nanoparticle is dominated by the hydroxylated (110) structure at 393 K. Finally, the morphology and stability of a cuboctahedron Pt13 nanocluster supported on CeO2 surfaces in both gas and aqueous phases were investigated. In gas phase, the supported Pt13 nanocluster has the tendency to wetting the CeO2 surface due to the strong metal-support interaction. The calculated interaction energies suggest the CeO2(110) surface provides the best stability for the Pt13 nanocluster. The CeO2 supported Pt13 nanoclusters are oxidized. Compared to the gas phase, the morphology of the CeO2 supported Pt13 nanocluster is less distorted due to the solvation effect provided by surrounding water molecules in aqueous phase. More electrons are transferred from the Pt13 nanocluster to the CeO2 support, implying the supported Pt13 nanocluster is further oxidized in aqueous phase.

ab initio molecular dynamics simulation↗
DOE OSTI2025

In Situ Surface Reconstruction via Lithium Residue Regulation for Direct Recycling of Ni-Rich Cathodes

Surface stability is crucial for the long cycling performance of Ni-rich cathodes, as it dictates and governs side reactions, preserves crystal integrity, and mitigates capacity degradation during cycling. For spent Ni-rich cathodes targeted for one-step direct recycling, constructing a robust and stable surface is particularly challenging because prior cycling induces severe structural and morphological degradation. Here, in this study, we introduce an in situ surface reconstruction strategy that converts surface lithium residues into a protective layer via a direct liquid-phase coating with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP). During the process, residual lithium remaining after the hydrothermal relithiation is removed, while a conformal lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 , LPO) layer is formed to act as both a chemical barrier and a structural stabilizer. This dual function enhances cycling stability and rate capability in regenerated cathodes, and the approach is applicable to various Ni-rich compositions including spent LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622) and scrap LiNi 0.866 Mn 0.066 Co 0.05 Al 0.018 O 2 (NCMA). Its scalability and compositional versatility make it a promising route for sustainable regeneration of high-performance cathode materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

On the control of electron heating for optimal laser radiation pressure ion acceleration

We study the onset of electron heating in intense laser–solid interactions and its impact on the spectral quality of radiation pressure accelerated ions in both hole boring and light sail regimes. Two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are performed over a wide range of laser and target parameters and reveal how the pulse duration, profile, polarization and target surface stability control the electron heating, the dominant ion acceleration mechanisms and the ion spectra. We find that the onset of strong electron heating is associated with the growth of the Rayleigh–Taylor-like instability at the front surface and must be controlled to produce high-quality ion beams, even when circularly polarized lasers are employed. We define a threshold condition for the maximum duration of the laser pulse that allows mitigation of electron heating and radiation pressure acceleration of narrow energy spread ion beams. The model is validated by three-dimensional PIC simulations, and the few experimental studies that reported low energy spread radiation pressure accelerated ion beams appear to meet the derived criteria. The understanding provided by our work will be important in guiding future experimental developments, for example for the ultrashort laser pulses becoming available at state-of-the-art laser facilities, for which we predict that proton beams with $\sim$ 150–250 MeV, $\sim$ 30% energy spread, and a total laser-to-proton conversion efficiency of $\sim$ 20% can be produced.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier contribution to the self-organized formation of ordered surface patterns on Ge(001)

Normal-incidence 1-keV Ar + ion bombardment leads to amorphization and ultrasmoothing of Ge at room temperature, but at elevated temperatures the Ge surface remains crystalline and is unstable to the formation of self-organized nanoscale patterns of ordered pyramid-shaped pits. The physical phenomenon distinguishing the high-temperature patterning from room-temperature ultrasmoothing is believed to be a surface instability due to the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier for diffusing vacancies and adatoms, which is not present on the amorphous material. This real-time grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering study compares smoothing of a prepatterned Ge sample at room temperature with patterning of an initially flat Ge sample at an elevated temperature. In both experiments, when the nanoscale structures are relatively small in height, the average kinetics can be explained by a linear theory. Furthermore, the linear theory coefficients, indicating surface stability or instability, were extracted for both experiments. A comparison between the two measurements allows estimation of the contribution of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier to the self-organized formation of ordered nanoscale patterns on crystalline Ge surfaces.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Elucidating the Structural and Electronic Effects of Ni and Mn Cationic Incorporation on CoOOH for Efficient Benzyl Alcohol Electrooxidation

Transition-metal oxyhydroxides such as CoOOH are promising low-cost electrocatalysts for the selective electrooxidation of organic molecules, yet the influence of ubiquitous transition-metal impurities on their performance and durability remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally probed the individual and synergistic electrochemical and structural effects of Ni and Mn incorporations into model CoOOH electrocatalysts toward an efficient benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction (BAOR). Comprehensive electrochemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic analyses reveal that Ni incorporation enhances charge-transfer kinetics and overall activity through the formation of catalytically active Ni 3+ sites, whereas Mn exhibited a more complex but interesting role. At the early stages of operation, Mn 4+ acts as a stabilizing surface layer that mitigates catalyst degradation but partially blocks Co sites before they undergo gradual leaching. The concurrent incorporation of both Ni and Mn yields a trimetallic 2NMC@NF electrocatalyst that integrates the activity benefits of Ni with the stability conferred by Mn, achieving 92.9% benzyl alcohol conversion and 91.4% Faradaic efficiency after 24 h at 1.5 V vs RHE. These findings elucidate how trace Ni and Mn impurities, often introduced from electrolytes or external sources, can modulate the lattice and electronic structure of CoOOH, offering a design strategy for enhancing both activity and long-term stability in electrocatalytic organic oxidation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Endocytosis of the non-catalytic ADAM23: Recycling and long half-life properties

A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 23 (ADAM23) is a member of the ADAMs family of transmembrane proteins, mostly expressed in nervous system, and involved in traffic and stabilization of Kv1-potassium channels, synaptic transmission, neurite outgrowth, neuronal morphology and cell adhesion. Also, ADAM23 has been linked to human pathological conditions, such as epilepsy, cancer metastasis and cardiomyopathy. ADAM23 functionality depends on the molecule presence at the cell surface and along the secretory pathway, as expected for a cell surface receptor. Because endocytosis is an important functional regulatory mechanism of plasma membrane receptors and no information is available about the traffic or turnover of non-catalytic ADAMs, we investigated ADAM23 internalization, recycling and half-life properties. Here, we show that ADAM23 undergoes constitutive internalization from the plasma membrane, a process that depends on lipid raft integrity, and is redistributed to intracellular vesicles, especially early and recycling endosomes. Furthermore, we observed that ADAM23 is recycled from intracellular compartments back to the plasma membrane and thus has longer half-life and higher cell surface stability compared with other ADAMs. Our findings suggest that regulation of ADAM23 endocytosis/stability could be exploited therapeutically in diseases in which ADAM23 is directly involved, such as epilepsy, cancer progression and cardiac hypertrophy.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗