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The Uranus Flagship: Investigating New Paradigms for Outer Solar System Exploration Workshop Summary Report
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Summary report on the enterprise security workshop
This report summarizes the presentations of the 7th IEEE Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE 2002) Enterprise Security (ES) Workshop.
Report on a Workshop for Heliophysics Infrastructure
We report observations and findings from a three-day virtual workshop held May 17-19, 2021 which examined the current heliophysics research infrastructure to determine which elements were most utilized, what gaps exist in these elements between current utility and desired capability and, from a user standpoint, what a future state for the infrastructure might look like. Approximately 40 subject matter experts (SMEs) with backgrounds in heliophysics research, computer science and research infrastructure were gathered to consider this topic.
Rotordynamic Instability Problems in High-Performance Turbomachinery, 1993
The first rotordynamics workshop proceedings (NASA CP-2133, 1980) emphasized a feeling of uncertainty in predicting the stability of characteristics of high-performance turbomachinery. In the second workshop proceedings (NASA CP-2250, 1982) these uncertainties were reduced through programs established to systematically resolve problems, with emphasis on experimental validation of the forces that influence rotordynamics. In the third proceedings (NASA CP-2338, 1984) many programs for predicting or measuring forces and force coefficients in high-performance turbomachinery produced results. Data became available for designing new machines with enhanced stability characteristics or for upgrading existing machines. In the fourth proceedings (NASA CP-2443, 1986) there emerged trends toward a more unified view of rotordynamic instability problems and several encouraging new analytical developments. The fifth workshop (NASA CP-3026, 1988) supported the continuing trend toward a unified view with several new developments in the design and manufacture of new turbomachineries with enhanced stability characteristics along with new data and associated numerical/theoretical results. The sixth workshop report (NASA CP-3 I 22, 1990) field experience and experimental results, and expanded the use of computational and control techniques with integration of damper, bearing, and eccentric seal operation results. The present workshop continues to report field experiences, numerical, theoretical, and experimental results and control methods for seals, bearings, and dampers with some attention given to variable thermo physical properties and turbulence measurements, and introduction of two-phase flow results. The intent of the workshop and this proceedings is to provide a continuing impetus for an understanding and resolution of these problems.
Processes Affecting Tropospheric Ozone over Africa
This is a Workshop Report prepared for Eos, the weekly AGU magazine, The workshop took place between 26-28 January 2004 at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, South Africa and was attended by 26 participants (http//www.geography.und.ac.za). Considerable progress has been made in ozone observations except for northern Africa (large data gaps) and west Africa (to be covered by the French-sponsored AMMA program). The present-day ozone findings were evaluated and reviewed by speakers using Aircraft data (MOZAIC program), NASA satellites (MOPITT, TRMM, TOMS) and ozone soundings (SHADOZ). Besides some ozone gaps, there are challenges posed by the need to assess the relative strengths of photochemical and dynamic influences on the tropospheric ozone budget. Biogenic, biofuels, biomass burning sources of ozone precursors remain highly uncertain. Recent findings (by NASA's Chatfield and Thompson, using satellite and sounding data) show significant impact of Indian Ocean pollution on African ozone. European research on pollutants over the Mediterranean and the middle east, that suggests that ozone may be exported to Africa from these areas, also needs to be considered.
Impact of Satellite Atmospheric Motion Vectors In the GMAO GEOS-5 Global Data Assimilation System
The WMO and THORPEX co-sponsored fifth Workshop on the Impact of Various Observing Systems on Numerical Weather Prediction will be organized by the Expert Team on the Evolution of the Global Observing System in Sedona, Arizona, United States, from 22 to 25 May 2012. Participants are expected to come from all the major NWP centres which are active in the area of impact studies. The workshop will be conducted in English. As for the first four workshops it is planned to produce a workshop report to be published as a WMO Technical Report that will include the papers submitted by the participants. The previous four workshops in this series took place in Geneva {April 1997), Toulouse (March 2000), Alpbach (March 2004) and Geneva (May 2008). Results from Observing System Experiments (OSEs), both with global and regional aspects were presented and conclusions were drawn concerning the contributions of the various components of the observing system to the large scale forecast skill at short and medium range (Workshop Proceedings were published as WMO World Weather Watch Technical Reports TD No. 868, 1034, 1228 and 1450). Since then, some significant changes and developments have affected the global observing system and more efforts have been devoted to meso-scale observing and assimilation systems. There has also been a trend toward using techniques other than OSEs to document data impact, such as adjoint-based sensitivity to observations or ensemble-based sensitivity. Field experiments have been carried out, in particular through the THORPEX project, and the use of targeted data has been assessed.
Space Weather, Geomagnetic Disturbances and Impact on the High-Voltage Transmission Systems
Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) affecting the performance of high-voltage power transmission systems are one of the most significant hazards space weather poses on the operability of critical US infrastructure. The severity of the threat was emphasized, for example, in two recent reports: the National Research Council (NRC) report "Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report" and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) report "HighImpact, Low-Frequency Event Risk to the North American Bulk Power System." The NRC and NERC reports demonstrated the important national security dimension of space weather and GIC and called for comprehensive actions to forecast and mitigate the hazard. In this paper we will give a brief overview of space weather storms and accompanying geomagnetic storm events that lead to GIC. We will also review the fundamental principles of how GIC can impact the power transmission systems. Space weather has been a subject of great scientific advances that have changed the wonder of the past to a quantitative field of physics with true predictive power of today. NASA's Solar Shield system aimed at forecasting of GIC in the North American high-voltage power transmission system can be considered as one of the ultimate fruits of those advances. We will review the fundamental principles of the Solar Shield system and provide our view of the way forward in the science of GIC.
Artemis and Ethics Workshop Lessons Learned
As NASA lays out its Artemis activities, it expects to set precedents in spaceflight for decades to come. Including ethical and social considerations in Artemis planning will improve the likelihood that the future we create is one where humanity collectively wants to live. NASA’s Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy (OTPS) hosted an Artemis and Ethics Workshop. This workshop was held at NASA’s Mary Jackson Headquarters in Washington, DC from April 12th -14th 2023 and brought together invited experts in social science, humanities, and technical fields to discuss ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of Artemis and human exploration in general. The two key study questions that the workshop aimed to address were: 1) How should NASA consider the ELSI of the Artemis and Moon to Mars efforts?; and 2) What are the key ethical and societal implications that need consideration? After briefly summarizing the formal workshop report, this paper addresses the lessons learned from implementing an interdisciplinary workshop of this nature, and from reflecting on the complexities of societal implications long-term. Issues of breadth vs depth, preparing people to engage across cultures, and allowing for structured brainstorming of specific issues are of particular importance. We also reflect on the limits of a workshop full of experts for addressing these issues and note ways in which other participatory processes or adjustments to policy practices may be worthwhile.
Artemis and Ethics Workshop Lessons Learned
As NASA lays out its Artemis activities, it expects to set precedents in spaceflight for decades to come. Including ethical and social considerations in Artemis planning will improve the likelihood that the future we create is one where humanity collectively wants to live. NASA’s Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy (OTPS) hosted an Artemis and Ethics Workshop. This workshop was held at NASA’s Mary Jackson Headquarters in Washington, DC from April 12th-14th 2023 and brought together invited experts in social science, humanities, and technical fields to discuss ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of Artemis and human exploration in general. The two key study questions that the workshop aimed to address were: 1) How should NASA consider the ELSI of the Artemis and Moon to Mars efforts?; and 2) What are the key ethical and societal implications that need consideration? After briefly summarizing the formal workshop report, this paper addresses the lessons learned from implementing an interdisciplinary workshop of this nature, and from reflecting on the complexities of societal implications long-term. Issues of breadth vs depth, preparing people to engage across cultures, and allowing for structured brainstorming of specific issues are of particular importance. We also reflect on the limits of a workshop full of experts for addressing these issues and note ways in which other participatory processes or adjustments to policy practices may be worthwhile.
Proceedings of the 12th JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop
Participants at the 12th Airborne Earth Science Workshop reported science research and applications results with spectral images measured by the NASA Airborne Invisible/lnfrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). The workshop was held in Pasadena, California, from February, 2003.
Measurements of Ice Nucleating Aerosols in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
Our major accomplishments during Year 1 were: Development of aerosol and crystal collection techniques. Development of single-particle chemical characterization techniques. Modification of system design for DC-8 and initial testing. Our major accomplishments during Year 2 were: Completion of system design and proof-of-concept experiments. Participation in SUCCESS mission. Reporting of theoretical and laboratory findings in the scientific literature. Reporting of initial SUCCESS results at scientific meetings. Our major accomplishments during Year 3 were: Data reduction and submission of all SUCCESS data to the archive. Participation in SUCCESS data comparison workshops. Reporting of SUCCESS results at the AEAP Meeting. Organization of CN counter intercomparison workshop. Preparation of three manuscripts submitted to the GRL SUCCESS Special Issue.
The Affording Mars Workshop: Background and Recommendations
A human mission to Mars is the stated "ultimate" goal for NASA and is widely believed by the public to be the most compelling destination for America's space program. However, widely cited enormous costs - perhaps as much as a trillion dollars for a many-decade campaign - seem to be an impossible hurdle, although political and budget instability over many years may be equally challenging. More recently, a handful of increasingly detailed architectures for initial Mars missions have been developed by commercial companies that have estimated costs much less than widely believed and roughly comparable with previous major human space flight programs: the Apollo Program, the International Space Station, and the space shuttle. Several of these studies are listed in the bibliography to the workshop report. As a consequence of these new scenarios, beginning in spring, 2013 a multiinstitutional planning team began developing the content and invitee list for a winter workshop that would critically assess concepts, initiatives, technology priorities, and programmatic options to reduce significantly the costs of human exploration of Mars. The output of the workshop - findings and recommendations - would be presented in a number of forums and discussed with national leaders in human space flight. It would also be made available to potential international partners. This workshop was planned from the start to be the first in a series. Subsequent meetings, conferences, and symposia will concentrate on topics not able to be covered in December. In addition, to make progress in short meeting, a handful of ground rules were adopted by the planning team and agreed to by the participants. Perhaps the two most notable such ground rules were (1) the Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion would be available during the time frame considered by the participants and (2) the International Space Station (ISS) would remain the early linchpin in preparing for Mars exploration over the coming decade. The workshop was organized around three topical breakout sessions: 1. The ISS and the path to Mars: The critical coming decade 2. Affordability and sustainability: what does it mean and what are its implications within guidelines established at the start of the workshop? 3. Notional sequence(s) of cost-achievable missions for the 2020s to 2030s, including capability objectives at each stage and opportunities for coordinated robotic partnerships.
Exploration Studies Technical Report - Volume 3: Special Reports, Studies, and Indepth Systems Assessments
The NASA Office of Exploration has been tasked with defining and recommending alternatives for an early 1990's national decision on a focused program of human exploration of the solar system. The Mission Analysis and System Engineering (MASE) group, which is managed by the Exploration Studies Office at the Johnson Space Center, is responsible for coordinating the technical studies necessary for accomplishing such a task. This technical report describes the process that has been developed in a case study approach. The four case studies that were developed in FY88 include: 1. Human expedition to Phobos 2. Human expeditions to Mars 3. Lunar observatory 4. Lunar outpost to early Mars evolution The final outcome of this effort is a set of programmatic and technical conclusions and recommendations for the following year's work. Volume III is a collection of trade study results, indepth systems assessments, and workshop reports which describe aspects of FY 1988 analyses in more depth.
An assessment of lighter than air technology
The workshop on LTA is summarized. The history and background are reviewed. The workshop reports for the following working groups are presented: policy, market analysis, economics, operations, and technology.
Engineering derivatives from biological systems for advanced aerospace applications
The present study consisted of a literature survey, a survey of researchers, and a workshop on bionics. These tasks produced an extensive annotated bibliography of bionics research (282 citations), a directory of bionics researchers, and a workshop report on specific bionics research topics applicable to space technology. These deliverables are included as Appendix A, Appendix B, and Section 5.0, respectively. To provide organization to this highly interdisciplinary field and to serve as a guide for interested researchers, we have also prepared a taxonomy or classification of the various subelements of natural engineering systems. Finally, we have synthesized the results of the various components of this study into a discussion of the most promising opportunities for accelerated research, seeking solutions which apply engineering principles from natural systems to advanced aerospace problems. A discussion of opportunities within the areas of materials, structures, sensors, information processing, robotics, autonomous systems, life support systems, and aeronautics is given. Following the conclusions are six discipline summaries that highlight the potential benefits of research in these areas for NASA's space technology programs.
Exploring the remote sensing of foliar biochemical concentrations with AVIRIS data
Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data shows promise for the estimation of foliar biochemical concentrations at the scale of the canopy. There are, however, several problems associated with the use of AVIRIS data in this way and these are detailed in recent Plant Biochemical Workshop Report. The research reported was concentrated upon three of these problems: field sampling of forest canopies, wet laboratory assay of foliar chemicals, and the visualization of AVIRIS data.
Early differentiation of the Moon: Experimental and modeling studies and experimental and modeling studies of massif anorthosites
NASA grant NAG9-329 was in effect from 3/1/89 to 8/31/94, the last 18 months being a no-cost extension. While the grant was in effect, the P.I., coworkers, and students gave 22 talks and poster sessions at professional meetings, published 12 articles in referred journals (one more is in press, and another is in review), and edited 2 workshop reports relevant to this project. Copies of all the publications are appended to this report. The major accomplishments during the grant period have derived from three quarters: 1) the application of quantitative models of fractional crystallization and partial melting to various problems in planetary science, such as the petrogenesis of picritic glasses and mare basalts and the implications of the SNC meteorites for martian evolution; 2) an experimental study of silicate liquid immiscibility relevant to early lunar differentiation and the petrogenesis of evolved highlands rocks; and 3) experimental studies of massif anorthosites and related rocks that provide terrestrial analogs for the proposed origin of lunar anorthosites by multistage processes. The low-pressure aspects of the quantitative models were developed by the P.I. in the 1980s with NASA support and culminated with a paper comparing the crystallization of terrestrial and lunar lavas. The basis for the high-pressure modifications to the quantitative models is a data set gleaned from high pressure melting experiments done at Lamont and is supplemented by published data from other labs that constrain the baric and compositional dependences of various liquidus phase boundaries such as olivine/orthopyroxene, relevant to the melting of the mantles of the terrestrial planets. With these models it is possible to predict not only the thermal and compositional evolution of magmatic liquids ranging in composition from lumar mare basalt to terrestrial calc-alkaline basalts, but also the small increments of fractional melting that are produced when mantle rises adiabatically. Copies of the crystallization/melting programs have been given to several colleagues in planetary science. Additionally, a series of computer graphics programs, based on the algorithms in the crystallization programs have been developed that display liquidus diagrams appropriate to input compositions.