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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,081 records · Page 60
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

CARETS: A prototype regional environmental information system. Volume 3: Toward a national land use information system

It is recommended that a national land use information system be established by an agency of the Federal Government. This recommendation comes at a time of increasing demand for scientific information in support of environmentally relevant land use planning and management at all levels of government. It is also a time when new airborne and spaceborne remote sensors, tested in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Program of the Department of the Interior, make possible the gathering of land use information rapidly and on an unprecedented scale. Furthermore, information handling technology is developing toward a capability to receive, store, and disseminate the huge quantities of data that would be involved. The recommendation for the national land use information system is based upon careful analysis of the results of remote sensing experiments funded by NASA, EROS, and the Geography Program of the Geological Survey, with specific examples drawn from the demonstration project known as the Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site (CARETS). CARETS is cast in the framework of a regional land use information system, channeling the flow bf information generated in response to users' declaration of their needs, through stages dealing with remote sensing data gathering systems, data processing and land mensuration, calibration in-terms of environmental impact, and evaluation with feedback from users. The proposed system would develop and implement a unified approach to the description and interpretation of the changing uses of the nation's land resources, building upon the base of interagency and intergovernmental cooperation already achieved in the experimental work to date. The land use data base that is being derived from high-altitude aerial color infrared photography would be the initial component of the recommended system. High-altitude photographic coverage would immediately be extended to as much of the nation as possible as technological developments and economic considerations permit. The system would later expand to include multiple-sensor, multiple-platform data sources. Six system characteristics are recommended: (1) High capacity storage of data available for quick retrieval, inexpensive processing, and update, (2) provision of accuracy appropriate to the scale of survey or to the level of detail dictated by different types of management and decision requirements; (3) permanent, publicly accessible sensor records for historical interpretation; (4) compatibility of the recording, storage, and retrieval system with all types of inputs, from ground observer to satellite; (5) products of diverse formats and scales, responsive to user feedback; (6) and standardization of formats, scales, and storage inputs to permit nationwide comparability.

Land use mapping↗
NASA NTRS1972

Apollo 15 coarse fines (4-10 mm): Sample classification, description and inventory

A particle by particle binocular microscopic examination of all of the Apollo 15 4-10 mm fines samples is reported. These particles are classified according to their macroscopic lithologic features in order to provide a basis for sample allocations and future study. The relatively large size of these particles renders them too vaulable to permit treatment along with the other bulk fines, yet they are too small (and numerous) to practically receive full individual descriptive treatment as given the larger rock samples. This examination, classification and description of subgroups represents a compromise treatment. In most cases and for many types of investigation the individual particles should be large enough to permit the application of more than one type of analysis.

Powell, B. N.↗
NASA NTRS1977

A PDP-15 to industrial-14 interface at the Lewis Research Center's cyclotron

An interface (hardware and software) was built which permits the loading, monitoring, and control of a digital equipment industrial-14/30 programmable controller by a PDP-15 computer. The interface utilizes the serial mode for data transfer to and from the controller, so that the required hardware is essentially that of a teletype unit except for the speed of transmission. Software described here permits the user to load binary paper tape, read or load individual controller memory locations, and if desired turn controller outputs on and off directly from the computer.

Kebberly, F. R.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Application of the SEM to the measurement of solar cell parameters

Techniques are described which make use of the SEM to measure the minority carrier diffusion length and the metallurgical junction depth in silicon solar cells. The former technique permits the measurement of the true bulk diffusion length through the application of highly doped field layers to the back surfaces of the cells being investigated. It is shown that the secondary emission contrast observed in the SEM on a reverse-biased diode can depict the location of the metallurgical junction if the diode has been prepared with the proper beveled geometry. The SEM provides the required contrast and the option of high magnification, permitting the measurement of extremely shallow junction depths.

Weizer, V. G.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Magnetic field experiment for Voyagers 1 and 2

The magnetic field experiment to be carried on the Voyager 1 and 2 missions consists of dual low field (LFM) and high field magnetometer (HFM) systems. The dual systems provide greater reliability and, in the case of the LFM's, permit the separation of spacecraft magnetic fields from the ambient fields. Additional reliability is achieved through electronics redundancy. The wide dynamic ranges of plus or minus 0.5G for the LFM's and plus or minus 20G for the HFM's, low quantization uncertainty of plus or minus 0.002 gamma in the most sensitive (plus or minus 8 gamma) LFM range, low sensor RMS noise level of 0.006 gamma, and use of data compaction schemes to optimize the experiment information rate all combine to permit the study of a broad spectrum of phenomena during the mission. Planetary fields at Jupiter, Saturn, and possibly Uranus; satellites of these planets; solar wind and satellite interactions with the planetary fields; and the large-scale structure and microscale characteristics of the interplanetary magnetic field are studied. The interstellar field may also be measured.

Behannon, K. W.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Corneal seal device

A corneal seal device is provided which, when placed in an incision in the eye, permits the insertion of a surgical tool or instrument through the device into the eye. The device includes a seal chamber which opens into a tube which is adapted to be sutured to the eye and serves as an entry passage for a tool. A sealable aperture in the chamber permits passage of the tool through the chamber into the tube and hence into the eye. The chamber includes inlet ports adapted to be connected to a regulated source of irrigation fluid which provides a safe intraocular pressure.

Baehr, E. F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Recent advances in aerodynamic energy concept for flutter suppression and gust alleviation using active controls

Control laws are derived, by using realizable transfer functions, which permit relaxation of the stability requirements of the aerodynamic energy concept. The resulting aerodynamic eigenvalues indicate that both the trailing edge and the leading edge-trailing edge control systems can be made more effective. These control laws permit the introduction of aerodynamic damping and stiffness terms in accordance with the requirements of any specific system. Flutter suppression and gust alleviation problems can now be treated by either a trailing edge control system or by a leading edge-trailing edge control system by using the aerodynamic energy concept. Results are applicable to a wide class of aircraft operating at subsonic Mach numbers.

Nissim, E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Circular polarization of sunlight reflected by Jupiter

Circular-polarization observations of Jupiter are described, and the circular polarization of other planets is discussed to the extent that it aids interpretation of the Jupiter data. The evidence strongly supports the interpretation that the circular polarization arises from scattering by aerosols in a gaseous atmosphere. Accurate calculations of the circular polarization are made for multiple scattering by an atmosphere with spherical aerosols, as a function of particle size and refractive index as well as the mixing ratio of aerosols and gas. The calculations for spheres and the few available circular-polarization observations of Jupiter permit only very limited constraints to be placed on the haze and cloud properties of the atmosphere of Jupiter. However, multispectral circular-polarization observations, combined with measurements of linear polarization and intensity, would permit detailed analysis of atmospheric aerosol properties.

Kawata, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Application of the SEM to the measurement of solar cell parameters

A pair of techniques are described which make use of the SEM to measure, respectively, the minority carrier diffusion length and the metallurgical junction depth in silicon solar cells. The former technique permits the measurement of the true bulk diffusion length through the application of highly doped field layers to the back surfaces of the cells being investigated. The technique yields an absolute value of the diffusion length from a knowledge of the collected fraction of the injected carriers and the cell thickness. It is shown that the secondary emission contrast observed in the SEM on a reverse-biased diode can depict the location of the metallurgical junction if the diode has been prepared with the proper beveled geometry. The SEM provides the required contrast and the option of high magnification, permitting the measurement of extremely shallow junction depths.

Weizer, V. G.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Ocean thermal plant

Modular Ocean Thermal-Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant permits vital component research and testing and serves as operational generator for 100 megawatts of electric power. Construction permits evaporators and condensers to be tested in same environment in which they will be used, and could result in design specifications for most efficient plant facilities in future.

Owens, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Application of LANDSAT images to wetland study and land use classification in west Tennessee, part 1

The author has identified the following significant results. densitometric analysis was performed on LANDSAT data to permit numerical classification of objects observed in the imagery on the basis of measurements of optical density. Relative light transmission measurements were taken on four types of scene elements in each of three LANDSAT black and white bands in order to determine which classification could be distinguished. The analysis of band 6 determined forest and agricultural classifications, but not the urban and wetlands. Both bands 4 and 5 showed a significant difference existed between the confirmed classification of wetlands-agriculture, and urban areas. Therefore, the combination of band 6 with either 4 or 5 would permit the separation of the urban from the wetland classification. To enhance the urban and wetland boundaries, the LANDSAT black and white bands were combined in a multispectral additive color viewer. Several combinations of filters and light intensities were used to obtain maximum discrimination between points of interest. The best results for enhancing wetland boundaries and urban areas were achieved by using a color composite (a blue, green, and red filter on bands 4, 5 and 6 respectively).

Shahrokhi, F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

AOIPS data base management systems support for GARP data sets

A data base management system is identified, developed to provide flexible access to data sets produced by GARP during its data systems tests. The content and coverage of the data base are defined and a computer-aided, interactive information storage and retrieval system, implemented to facilitate access to user specified data subsets, is described. The computer programs developed to provide the capability were implemented on the highly interactive, minicomputer-based AOIPS and are referred to as the data retrieval system (DRS). Implemented as a user interactive but menu guided system, the DRS permits users to inventory the data tape library and create duplicate or subset data sets based on a user selected window defined by time and latitude/longitude boundaries. The DRS permits users to select, display, or produce formatted hard copy of individual data items contained within the data records.

Gary, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1967

Wabble gear drive mechanism

The wabble gear principle was applied in the design of a driving mechanism for controlling spacecraft solar panels. The moving elements, other than the output gear, are contained within a hermetically sealed package to prevent escape of lubricants and ingestion of contaminant particles. The driving gear contains one more tooth than the output gear on a concave, conical pitch surface of slightly larger apex angle. The two gears mesh face to face such that engagement takes place at one point along the circumference. The driving gear is not permitted to rotate by virtue of its attachment through the bellows which permits flexure in the pitch and yaw position, but not in roll. As the bearing carrier rotates, the inclined mounting of the bearing causes the driving gear to perform a wabbling, irrotational motion. This wabbling motion causes the contact point between the output gear and the driving gear to traverse around the circumference of the gears once per revolution of the bearing carrier.

Winiarski, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Bolivian satellite technology program on ERTS natural resources

The author has identified the following significant results. Application of digital classification for mapping land use permitted the separation of units at more specific levels in less time. A correct classification of data in the computer has a positive effect on the accuracy of the final products. Land use unit comparison with types of soils as represented by the colors of the coded map showed a class relation. Soil types in relation to land cover and land use demonstrated that vegetation was a positive factor in soils classification. Groupings of image resolution elements (pixels) permit studies of land use at different levels, thereby forming parameters for the classification of soils.

Brockmann, H. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Effect of high lift flap systems on the conceptual design of a 1985 short-haul commercial STOL tilt rotor transport

The performances of a derivative concept of a 1985 STOL tilt rotor transport, and of a second concept having a complex mechanical flap system similar to a short field B737 aircraft were compared for a 370 kilometer (200 nautical mile) short haul mission. The flap system of the latter allowed lift to be shifted from the rotor system to the wing, permitting a 26 percent reduction in dynamic component weight, while also permitting the use of a smaller wing. The wing and disc loading of this concept were 5746 (120 psf) and 1915 (40 psf) newtons per square meter, respectively, while the wing and disc loading of the derivative concept were 4788 (100 psf) and 1197 (25 psf) newtons per square meter, respectively. The high lift wing tilt rotor showed slightly improved fuel usage over its entire operating range and about 6 to 8 percent improvement in direct operating costs, resulting from its improved cruise efficiency and reduced weight. Other advantages include improved reliability with potentially reduced maintenance and better riding quality.

Shovlin, M. D.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Short-term performance deterioration in JT9D-7A(SP) engine 695743

The level of performance deterioration that occurred during early service was studied and also the contribution of each engine module to the overall level of engine performance deterioration. To assist in the distribution of the performance losses to the module level, testing with expanded experimental instrumentation was accomplished to permit direct measurement of module performance. An analytical teardown of the engine was accomplished to permit assignment of module performance losses to individual mechanical damage mechanisms including blade and seal wear, roughness, and thermal distortion of turbine parts. The results of the testing show that the engine deteriorated 1.5 percent in thrust specific fuel consumption from its performance when new. Initial testing, which included water washing, showed that 0.2 percent in performance deterioration was due to surface contamination (dirt) and 0.1 percent was due to drift of the engine vane control system, leaving 1.2 percent in basic TSFC deterioration. This 1.2 percent TSFC loss was distributed among the engine modules with 0.6 percent caused by clearance changes, 0.4 percent loss due to thermal distortion, and 0.2 percent loss due to increased roughness of the fan and low-pressure compressor airfoils.

Bouchard, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A system concept for wide swath constant incident angle coverage

Multiple beam approach readily overcomes radar ambiguity constraints associated with orbital systems and therefore permits imagery over swaths much wider than 100 kilometers. Furthermore, the antenna technique permits imagery at nearly constant incident angles. When frequency scanning is employed, the center angle may be programmed. The redundant use of the antenna aperture during reception results in lower transmitted power and in shorter antenna lengths in comparison to conventional designs. Compatibility of the approach with passive imagery is also considered.

Claassen, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1978

SIMS prototype system 4: Design data brochure

A pre-package prototype unit having domestic hot water and room solar heating capability that uses air as the collector fluid is described. This system is designed to be used with a small single-family dwelling where a roof mounted collector array is not feasible. The prototype unit is an assemble containing 203 square feet of effective collector surface with 113 cubic feet of rock storage. The design of structure and storage is modular, which permits expansion and reduction of the collector array and storage bed in 68 square feet and 37 cubic feet increments respectively. The system is designed to be transportable. This permitted assemble and certification testing in one area and installation in another area without tear down and reassemble. Design, installation, operation, performance and maintenance of this system are described.

Source record↗