Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “static models”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Single-Event Upset (SEU) model verification and threshold determination using heavy ions in a bipolar static RAM

Single-Event Upset (SEU) response of a bipolar low-power Schottky-diode-clamped TTL static RAM has been observed using Br ions in the 100-240 MeV energy range and O ions in the 20-100 MeV range. These data complete the experimental verification of circuit-simulation SEU modeling for this device. The threshold for onset of SEU has been observed by the variation of energy, ion species and angle of incidence. The results obtained from the computer circuit-simulation modeling and experimental model verification demonstrate a viable methodology for modeling SEU in bipolar integrated circuits.

Zoutendyk, J. A.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Simulating Establishment Periods of Switchgrass and Miscanthus in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

Abstract. The establishment periods of switchgrass and can be a time window when evapotranspiration, surface runoff generation, and sediment and nutrients losses are quite different from when the grasses become fully established, and this period may result in environmental concerns for large-scale biomass production. The current SWAT model does not simulate the establishment periods of perennial grasses. In this study, we modified the model to simulate these periods by updating the maximum annual leaf area index (LAI) instead of using a static value in the unmodified model. The improved SWAT model provided more realistic simulations of LAI values and yields comparable to observed yields from field plots during the establishment periods of the two perennial grasses. The modification made in the present study enabled the SWAT model to be more suitable for evaluating perennial biomass grass-related scenarios. Keywords: Biomass bioenergy, Establishment period, Miscanthus, SWAT, Switchgrass.

Agriculture↗
NASA NTRS1975

Results of an Investigation of the 0.003-scale Space Shuttle External Tank MSFC Model 460 in the NASA/MSFC 14 x 14-inch Trisonic Wind Tunnel to Determine Static Pressure Distributions During Reentry (TA2F), Volume 1

Objectives of the test were to obtain static pressure distributions for the ET at reentry conditions. Basic configuration of the model was the MCR 0200 ET modified to include a rectangular crossbar at the aft ET/orbiter attach point. Mach numbers were 1.96, 3.48, and 4.96. Reynolds number per foot at these Mach numbers were 6.95 million, 6.42 million, and 4.95 million, respectively. Angle of attack range was -8 to 100 degrees and roll angle was 0 to 315 degrees. Occupancy hours were 104.

Ramsey, P. E.↗
DOE OSTI2015

EVIDENCE FOR EVAPORATION-INCOMPLETE CONDENSATION CYCLES IN WARM SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS

Quasi-constant heating at the footpoints of loops leads to evaporation and condensation cycles of the plasma: thermal non-equilibrium (TNE). This phenomenon is believed to play a role in the formation of prominences and coronal rain. However, it is often discounted as being involved in the heating of warm loops because the models do not reproduce observations. Recent simulations have shown that these inconsistencies with observations may be due to oversimplifications of the geometries of the models. In addition, our recent observations reveal that long-period intensity pulsations (several hours) are common in solar coronal loops. These periods are consistent with those expected from TNE. The aim of this paper is to derive characteristic physical properties of the plasma for some of these events to test the potential role of TNE in loop heating. We analyzed three events in detail using the six EUV coronal channels of the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. We performed both a differential emission measure (DEM) and a time-lag analysis, including a new method to isolate the relevant signal from the foreground and background emission. For the three events, the DEM undergoes long-period pulsations, which is a signature of periodic heating even though the loops are captured in their cooling phase, as is the bulk of the active regions. We link long-period intensity pulsations to new signatures of loop heating with strong evidence for evaporation and condensation cycles. We thus simultaneously witness widespread cooling and TNE. Finally, we discuss the implications of our new observations for both static and impulsive heating models.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1959

Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Mach Numbers from 0.40 to 1.14 of the Static Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Nonlifting Vehicle Suitable for Reentry

An investigation was conducted in the Langley 8-foot transonic pressure tunnel to investigate the static pitching-moment, normal-force, and axial-force characteristics on a model of a nonlifting vehicle suit- able for reentry. The vehicle was designed to use a heat sink and blunt shape to alleviate the effects of the heating encountered during reentry of the earth's atmosphere. The effects of modifying the intersection of the face of the model with the afterbody from a sharp corner to a rounded edge were also investigated. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.40 to 1.14 and at angles of attack from approximately -3 deg to 20 deg. The Reynolds number varied from about 2.0 x 10(exp 6) to 3.6 x 10(exp 6). The results show that the model had a low positive static-stability level, low normal-force coefficients, and large axial-force coefficients. The model trimmed, for the angle-of-attack range investigated, at angles of attack near zero. The effects on the stability as a result of rounding the corner were negligible.

Pearson, Albin O.↗
DOE OSTI2011

{alpha}-cluster structure and density waves in oblate nuclei

Pentagon and triangle shapes in {sup 28}Si and {sup 12}C are discussed in relation to nuclear density waves. In the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics calculations, the K{sup {pi}=}5{sup -} band in {sup 28}Si and the K{sup {pi}=}3{sup -} band in {sup 12}C are described by the pentagon and triangle shapes, respectively. These negative-parity bands can be interpreted as the parity partners of the K{sup {pi}=}0{sup +} ground bands and they are constructed from the parity-asymmetric-intrinsic states. The pentagon and the triangle shapes originate in 7{alpha}- and 3{alpha}-cluster structures, respectively. In a mean-field picture, they are described also by the static one-dimensional density waves at the edge of the oblate states. In analyses with ideal {alpha}-cluster models using Brink-Bloch cluster wave functions and that with a simplified model, we show that the static edge density waves for the pentagon and triangle shapes can be understood by spontaneous breaking of axial symmetry, i.e., the instability of the oblate states with respect to the edge density waves. The density wave is enhanced in the Z=N nuclei due to the proton-neutron coherent density waves, while it is suppressed in Z{ne}N nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Numerical Modeling Describing the Effects of Heterogeneous Distributions of Asperities on the Quasi-static Evolution of Frictional Slip

A better understanding of how slip accumulates along faults and its relation to the breakdown of shear stress is beneficial to many engineering disciplines, such as, hydraulic fracture and understanding induced seismicity (among others). Asperities forming along a preexisting fault resist the relative motion of the two sides of the interface and occur due to the interaction of the surface topographies. We employ a finite element model to simulate circular partial slip asperities along a nominally flat frictional interface. Shear behavior of our partial slip asperity model closely matched the theory described by Cattaneo. The asperity model was employed to simulate a small section of an experimental fault formed between two bodies of polymethyl methacrylate, which consisted of multiple asperities whose location and sizes were directly measured using a pressure sensitive film. The quasi-static shear behavior of the interface was modeled for cyclical loading conditions, and the frictional dissipation (hysteresis) was normal stress dependent. We further our understanding by synthetically modeling lognormal size distributions of asperities that were randomly distributed in space. Synthetic distributions conserved the real contact area and aspects of the size distributions from the experimental case, allowing us to compare the constitutive behaviors based solely on spacing effects. Traction-slip behavior of the experimental interface appears to be considerably affected by spatial clustering of asperities that was not present in the randomly spaced, synthetic asperity distributions. Finally, estimates of bulk interfacial shear stiffness were determined from the constitutive traction-slip behavior and were comparable to the theoretical estimates of multi-contact interfaces with non-interacting asperities.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1990

Comparison of equivalent plate and finite element analysis of a realistic aircraft structural configuration

This paper presents a comparison study to assess how well a realistic aircraft structure can be represented with an equivalent plate model. A wing box and full wing structure of a high-speed civil transport aircraft configuration are analyzed. Static and vibration results from the equivalent plate analysis are compared with results from a finite element model. The results from these comparisons show that, for the simpler wing box models, the static displacements and first vibration frequency agree to within 1.5 percent. The full wing models only agree to within 10 percent, for both models, the higher frequencies vary by as much as 26 percent. These differences are due to inadequate refinement of the equivalent plate model.

Kao, Pi-Jen↗
DOE OSTI2018

Fabrication and Modeling of Laser Additive Manufactured Materials with Multi-Beam Adaptive Beam Shaping

The objective of this research was to fabricate laser additive manufactured samples using the multi-beam fiber laser array system developed by Optonicus, and to test the ability of existing simulation tools to help understand the influence of various beam configurations on the heat transfer and solidification conditions that control microstructure development during processing. Optonicus produced Inconel 718 samples with two different beam configurations that exhibited dramatically different microstructure characteristics. A simplified analytical model was used in conjunction with microstructure selection theory to relate the differences in beam configuration and process conditions to the changes in microstructure. The analytical model was verified against standard quasi-static solutions and a numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD model and the influence of fluid mechanics on the melt pool geometry was evaluated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2020

Structural Model Tuning Tool: User's Reference Manual

This report presents an efficient approach for tuning finite element models to match the measured ground vibration test and static test data. Frequencies, mode shapes, total weight, location of the center of gravity, and static deformation computed from the finite element model are matched to the measured data. The model tuning procedure used in this work is based on solving an optimization problem in which the errors for the considered metrics, between the finite element prediction and the measured data, are minimized. Analytical sensitivity values of performance indices are computed using the NASTRAN-generated sensitivity values together with the in-house computer codes, which allow for faster computational time and the use of gradient-based optimizers. The method is applied to the Aerostructures Test Wing IV model. The study shows that the military standard and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration standard for comparing analytical and experimental modal data are all satisfied. The final finite element model correlates well with the test data. The flutter speed decreases by 8.91 percent after model tuning compared with the original Aerostructures Test Wing IV design.

Chan-gi Pak↗
NASA NTRS1993

Supersonic aeroelastic instability results for a NASP-like wing model

An experimental study and an analytical study have been conducted to examine static divergence for hypersonic-vehicle wing models at supersonic conditions. A supersonic test in the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel facility was conducted for two wind-tunnel models. These models were nearly identical with the exception of airfoil shape. One model had a four-percent maximum thickness airfoil and the other model had an eight-percent maximum thickness airfoil. The wing models had low-aspect ratios and highly swept leading edges. The all-movable wing models were supported by a single-pivot mechanism along the wing root. For both of the wind-tunnel models, configuration changes could be made in the wing-pivot location along the wing root and in the wing-pivot pitch stiffness. Three divergence conditions were measured for the four-percent thick airfoil model in the Mach number range of 2.6 to 3.6 and one divergence condition was measured for the eight-percent thick airfoil model at a Mach number of 2.9. Analytical divergence calculations were made for comparison with experimental results and to evaluate the parametric effects of wing-pivot stiffness, wing-pivot location, and airfoil thickness variations. These analyses showed that decreasing airfoil thickness, moving the wing-pivot location upstream, or increasing the pitch-pivot stiffness have the beneficial effect of increasing the divergence dynamic pressures. The calculations predicted the trend of experimental divergence dynamic pressure with Mach number accurately; however, the calculations were approximately 25 percent conservative with respect to dynamic pressure.

Cole, Stanley R.↗
NASA NTRS1955

Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Rolling Stability Derivatives of a 1/10-Scale Model of the Grumman F9F-9 Airplane, TED No. NACA AD 3109

An experimental investigation has been made in the Langley stability tunnel to determine the low-speed yawing, pitching, and static stability characteristics of a 1/10-scale model of the Grumman F9F-9 airplane. Tests were made to determine the effects of duct-entrance-fairing plugs on the static lateral and longitudinal stability characteristics of the complete model in the clean condition. The remaining tests were concerned with determining tail contributions as well as the effect of duct-entrance-fairing plugs, slats, flaps, and landing gear on the yawing and pitching stability derivatives. These data are presented without analysis in order to expedite distribution.

Wolhart, Walter D.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Side chain dynamics in semiconducting polymer MEH-PPV

We report that the characteristic nanoscale dynamics of the alkyl side groups in the light-emitting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] have been investigated using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The measurements were taken below the polymer's glass transition (T ≤ T g ≃ 353 K), where the main backbone is in a rigid state and does not contribute to the broadening of the QENS signal. An analytical diffusion model consisting of a static term and two dynamical components, characterizing the flexible side groups, provide an excellent fit to the experimental data. The two observed dynamical processes are all localized in character, with no meaningful dependence on temperature. The faster process, with characteristic timescale of ~18 ps at room temperature (RT), can be linked to the average mobility of the terminal protons of the alkyl chain, while the slower process, with characteristic timescale of ~170 ps at RT, to those protons at the other end of the alkyl chain, closest to the backbone. Lastlyl, while the fraction of mobile protons contributing to the QENS signal increases with increasing temperature, the characteristic timescale and confining volume within which the protons are able to move locally depend chiefly on the polymer conformational state.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Software design space exploration for exascale combustion co-design

The design of hardware for next-generation exascale computing systems will require a deep understanding of how software optimizations impact hardware design trade-offs. In order to characterize how co-tuning hardware and software parameters affects the performance of combustion simulation codes, we created ExaSAT, a compiler-driven static analysis and performance modeling framework. Our framework can evaluate hundreds of hardware/software configurations in seconds, providing an essential speed advantage over simulators and dynamic analysis techniques during the co-design process. Our analytic performance model shows that advanced code transformations, such as cache blocking and loop fusion, can have a significant impact on choices for cache and memory architecture. Our modeling helped us identify tuned configurations that achieve a 90% reduction in memory traffic, which could significantly improve performance and reduce energy consumption. These techniques will also be useful for the development of advanced programming models and runtimes, which must reason about these optimizations to deliver better performance and energy efficiency.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Study of spatial spin-modulated structures by Mössbauer spectroscopy using SpectrRelax

SpectrRelax is an application for analysis and fitting of absorption and emission Mössbauer spectra. It includes a large selection of static and relaxation spectrum models, and allows fitting and searching for optimal model parameters. Recently, we have added new models for Mössbauer spectra of nuclides in spatial spin modulated structures. In these structures, spin density or direction changes in a periodic way along a single direction, and this wave is incommensurate with the underlying lattice. The models include Spin/Charge density wave, where the shape of this wave is represented as a sum of odd harmonics, Anharmonic spin modulation where the spin direction has a cycloidal type modulation, and a Spiral-like spin structure, in which magnetic moments rotate in a plane perpendicular to the wave propagation vector, forming a spiral.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

A driven Kerr oscillator with two-fold degeneracies for qubit protection

We present the experimental finding of multiple simultaneous two-fold degeneracies in the spectrum of a Kerr oscillator subjected to a squeezing drive. This squeezing drive resulting from a three-wave mixing process, in combination with the Kerr interaction, creates an effective static two-well potential in the phase space rotating at half the frequency of the sinusoidal drive generating the squeezing. Remarkably, these degeneracies can be turned on-and-off on demand, as well as their number by simply adjusting the frequency of the squeezing drive. We find that when the detuning Δ between the frequency of the oscillator and the second subharmonic of the drive equals an even multiple of the Kerr coefficient K , Δ / K = 2 m , the oscillator displays m + 1 exact, parity-protected, spectral degeneracies, insensitive to the drive amplitude. These degeneracies can be explained by the unusual destructive interference of tunnel paths in the classically forbidden region of the double well static effective potential that models our experiment. Exploiting this interference, we measure a peaked enhancement of the incoherent well-switching lifetime, thus creating a protected cat qubit in the ground state manifold of our oscillator. Our results illustrate the relationship between degeneracies and noise protection in a driven quantum system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

LINE EMISSION FROM RADIATION-PRESSURIZED H II REGIONS. I. INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND LINE RATIOS

The emission line ratios [O III] {lambda}5007/H{beta} and [N II] {lambda}6584/H{alpha} have been adopted as an empirical way to distinguish between the fundamentally different mechanisms of ionization in emission-line galaxies. However, detailed interpretation of these diagnostics requires calculations of the internal structure of the emitting H II regions, and these calculations depend on the assumptions one makes about the relative importance of radiation pressure and stellar winds. In this paper, we construct a grid of quasi-static H II region models to explore how choices about these parameters alter H II regions' emission line ratios. We find that when radiation pressure is included in our models, H II regions reach a saturation point beyond which further increase in the luminosity of the driving stars does not produce any further increase in effective ionization parameter, and thus does not yield any further alteration in an H II region's line ratio. We also show that if stellar winds are assumed to be strong, the maximum possible ionization parameter is quite low. As a result of this effect, it is inconsistent to simultaneously assume that H II regions are wind-blown bubbles and that they have high ionization parameters; some popular H II region models suffer from this inconsistency. Our work in this paper provides a foundation for a companion paper in which we embed the model grids we compute here within a population synthesis code that enables us to compute the integrated line emission from galactic populations of H II regions.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗