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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,099 records · Page 61
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Preliminary results on tritium in Surveyor 3 material

Painted aluminum samples taken from Surveyor 3 were examined for possible tritium implanted by the solar wind. There was found to be a correlation of tritium content with exposure to sunlight. The amount of tritium in sample 1011,2 nearly perpendicular to the lunar surface exceeded the amount expected from the tritium content of lunar rock 12002 by at least a factor of 3. It is concluded that if there is tritium implanted by solar wind on lunar rocks, it is not retained by them.

Fireman, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Deep-body temperature changes in rats exposed to chronic centrifugation.

Deep-body temperature was monitored continuously by implant biotelemetry in unrestrained rats before, during, and after exposure to prolonged and almost continuous centrifugation. Rats subjected to centrifugation for the first time at various G loads ranging up to 2.5 G show a rapid and significant fall in temperature which is sustained below normal levels for periods as long as 3 days. The magnitude of the temperature fall and the recovery time were generally proportional to the G load imposed. The initial fall and recovery of body temperature closely parallels the decrease in food consumption and to a lesser degree the decrease in body mass experienced by centrifuged rats. After exposure to 2 weeks of centrifugation, rats show either no change or only a small transient increase in temperature when decelerated to a lower G level or when returned to normal gravity. Rats repeatedly exposed to centrifugation consistently showed a smaller temperature response compared to the initial exposure. Implant temperature biotelemetry has been found to be a sensitive, reliable, and extremely useful technique for assessing the initial stress of centrifugation and in monitoring the time course of recovery and acclimation of rats to increase as well as*decrease G.

Oyama, J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Observation of arterial blood pressure of the primate

The developments are reported in physiological instrumentation, surgical procedures, measurement and data analysis techniques, and the definition of flight experiments to determine the effects of prolonged weightlessness on the cardiovascular system of subhuman primates. The development of an implantable telemetric data acquisition system is discussed along with cardiovascular research applications in renal hemodynamics. It is concluded that the implant technique permits a valid interpretation, free of emotional response, for the manipulated variable on physiological functions. It also allows a better definition of normal physiological baseline conditions.

Meehan, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Telemetry experiments with a hibernating black bear

The objectives of this research were to develop and test telemetry equipment suitable for monitoring physiological parameters and activity of a hibernating bear in its den, to monitor this data and other environmental information with the Nimbus 3 IRLS data collection system, and to refine immobilizing, handling, and other techniques required in future work with wild bears under natural conditions. A temperature-telemetering transmitter was implanted in the abdominal cavity of a captive black bear and body temperature data was recorded continuously during a 3 month hibernation period. Body temperatures ranging between 37.5 and 31.8 C were observed. Body temperature and overall activity were influenced by disturbances and ambient den temperature. Nychthemeral temperature changes were not noticable. A load cell weight recording device was tested for determining weight loss during hibernation. Monitoring of data by satellite was not attempted. The implanted transmitter was removed and the bear was released with a radiolocation collar at the conclusion of the experiment.

Craighead, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Survey of lunar carbon compounds. II - The carbon chemistry of Apollo 11, 12, 14, and 15 samples.

The methane and carbide concentrations of a number of Apollo 11, 12, 14, and 15 samples of fines and breccias have been examined by the deuterated acid dissolution method. Location studies indicate that these carbon compounds are concentrated in the outer surfaces of the fines particles of 48-152 micron diameter; for larger particles a volume-related component may contribute. In individual samples the methane and carbide concentrations correlate with parameters indicative of lunar surface exposure. The data provide further evidence that solar wind implantation is the major source of the methane in the fines and that the carbide originates from both solar wind implantation and meteorite impacts.

Cadogan, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Ultrasonic Doppler measurement of renal artery blood flow

Implantable pulsed Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter development has resulted in designs for application to the aortas of dogs and humans, and to human renal and coronary arteries. A figure of merit was derived for each design, indicating the degree of its precision. An H-array design for transcutaneous observation of blood flow was developed and tested in vitro. Two other simplified designs for the same purpose obviate the need to determine vessel orientation. One of these will be developed in the next time period. Techniques for intraoperative use and for implantation have had mixed success. While satisfactory on large vessels, higher ultrasonic frequencies and alteration of transducer design are required for satisfactory operation of pulsed Doppler flowmeters with small vessels.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Microelectronic bioinstrumentation systems

The possibility of using RF fields to power biologically implanted transmitters used in biomedical experiments was investigated. This approach would be especially useful when animal subjects are strapped in chairs or confined in cages. A telemetry system using an external source of energy has the additional advantage of not being limited in operation by battery lifetime and can therefore operate for virtually infinite lengths of time. A description of a system based on this principle is given. Progress in the development of battery-driven transmitters is also reported, including an ingestible temperature telemetry system and a resistance-to-pulse frequency convertor for implantable temperature telemetry systems.

Ko, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Solar nitrogen - Evidence for a secular increase in the ratio of nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14

Solar wind nitrogen, implanted in lunar soil samples, exhibits isotopic variations that are related to the time, although not to the duration, of implantation, with earlier samples characterized by lower ratios of nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14. An increase in the solar nitrogen-15 content during the lifetime of the lunar regolith is probably caused by spallation of oxygen-16 in the surface regions of the sun.-

Kerridge, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Simulation of lunar carbon chemistry. I - Solar wind contribution

Simulation experiments were conducted to identify the role of solar and lunar winds in the evolution of lunar carbon chemistry. Major conclusions are that (1) implantation of solar wind C, D, and N ions in silicates synthesizes small molecules that can be released into vacuum either by ion sputtering or by heating; (2) this synthesis is highly specific when compared to other processes accounting for the formation of molecules in the solar nebula or in interstellar space; (3) the carbon injected by the solar wind in the crystalline component of mature soils should reach a saturation concentration of about 200 ppm; and (4) the carbon chemistry of the crystalline component of mature soils is dominated by solar wind implantation effects.

Bibring, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Simulation of lunar carbon chemistry. II - Lunar winds contribution

Simulation experiments, computations, and analysis of glassy agglutinates show that a directly condensed lunar wind vapor phase is strongly depleted in carbon and sulfur compounds and may recrystallize rapidly in the lunar thermal cycle and separate from host crystals. Factors preventing identification of low-energy species implanted from the lunar atmosphere are discussed. Computational results indicate that the implanted lunar winds carbon originates both from the vapor phases injected into the lunar atmosphere during thermal metamorphism of mature lunar soil grains and from direct volatization of impacting micrometeorites. It is suggested that microglass splashes and tiny crystalline grains possibly attached to the surface of coarser grains do not affect the characteristics of solar wind carbon chemistry in the lunar soil.

Bibring, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Myocardium wall thickness transducer and measuring method

A miniature transducer for measuring changes of thickness of the myocardium is described. The device is easily implantable without traumatizing the subject, without affecting the normal muscle behavior, and is removable and implantable at a different muscle location. Operating features of the device are described.

Feldstein, C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Solar-wind tritium limit and the mixing rate of the solar atmosphere

Tritium has been measured, in Surveyor 3 samples, some of which were adjacent to those in which solar-wind-implanted He-4 had previously been measured. Little of the H-3 can be attributed to solar-wind implantation. The upper limit for the H-3/He-4 ratio in the solar wind is four times ten to the minus tenth power and corresponds to a H-3/H-1 limit of two times ten to the minus eleventh power. This limit imposes a requirement on the mixing rate in the solar atmosphere if the H-3 production rate in solar-surface nuclear reactions is greater than 160 sq cm/sec.

Fireman, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Agglutinates and carbon accumulation in Apollo 17 lunar soils

A critical review of maturity with respect to the abundance of implanted solar wind elements (SWE) in lunar soils indicates: (1) that the Rosiwal Principle has limited applicability in determining implantation of SWE in lunar soils, and (2) that despite a depletion of SWE in agglutinitic glass, agglutinates are enriched in SWE due to the presence of buried surfaces of numerous clasts within agglutinates. A statistical analysis of published data of several Apollo 17 soils indicates that the abundance of carbon and, by analogy, the abundance of other SWE are correlatable with the agglutinate content and the mean grain size of lunar soils. Microscopic examination of more than 5000 grains of agglutinates in polished thin sections reveals a wide range of variability in the mineralogy, grain size distribution, degree of recycling, etc., of the clast population in agglutinates. This indicates that the volume-correlated SWE content of agglutinates may vary and need not be constant.

Basu, A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Improved myocardium transducer

Method of implanting myocardium transducer uses special indented pins that are caught and securely held by epicardial fibers. Pins are small enough to cause minimum of trauma to myocardium during implantation or removal.

Culler, V. H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Nitrogen isotopes in lunar soils as a measure of cosmic-ray exposure and regolith history

Previous studies have shown that the bulk of the nitrogen in soils has been implanted by the solar wind, that the N-15/N-14 ratio of the implanted nitrogen has apparently increased with time, and that both soils and rocks contain a nitrogen component greatly enriched in N-15, relative to natural abundance ratios, due to cosmic-ray spallation. An investigation was, therefore, conducted to test the feasibility of using spallation-produced N-15 for determining cosmic-ray exposure ages. Samples from several depths in the Apollo 15 deep drill core were analyzed. The data obtained have also been evaluated with regard to possible models for the prior history of the material now in the Apollo 15 core. In addition, analyses have been performed of several other soil samples considered for various reasons to be of particular interest, such as orange soil 74220 and its companion 74240, Apollo 16 drill core sample 60002, and the apparently peculiar fillet soil 67461. Wherever possible, analyses were carried out by step-wise heating rather than by total pyrolysis. On the basis of the results of the investigation it is concluded that nitrogen isotope ratio determinations provide a usable method for determining cosmic-ray exposures for soils.

Becker, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Effects of soil maturation on grain size-dependence of trapped solar gases

A description is presented of a simple two-part model which relates the retention of solar-wind-implanted noble gases and N in different grain sizes of lunar soils to the maturation level of that soil. It is assumed that concentrations of solar-wind gases are implanted into surfaces of soil grains in inverse proportion to grain diameter and that differences in irradiation probability and surface saturation as a function of grain diameter generally are not a major factor. The model demonstrates that incorporation of a major fraction of this surface-correlated gas into constructional particles such as agglutinates causes much of the gas to become volume-correlated in mature soils. This volume-correlated gas produces a relative enrichment in gas concentrations in coarser grains and a selective enrichment of more retentive gases (e.g., N) over less retentive gases (e.g., He). It is shown that the maturity model plays a major role in determining the complexities of the distribution of solar-wind gases in soils.

Bogard, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Improved process control for VMOS FET's

Method is applied in middle of fabrication process: (a) after mask region is formed, diffused-boron region is etched; (b) etching is left incomplete for ion implantation; (c) boron ions are implanted into region to define accurately crucial geometry of V-groove; (d) groove is etched to completion, forming two well-defined diffusion regions that serve as source and drain of transistor. Remaining process is conventional.

Jhabvala, M. D.↗