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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Enabling a Decentralized Smart Grid Using Autonomous Edge Control Devices

As a large number of distributed devices are connected to the modern smart grid, the traditional centralized connectivity models fail to provide economic value. These models have relied on sending data to the cloud for processing and receiving commands to exert control actions, resulting in an ‘on-demand system’ with high bandwidth, low latency and an overload of data on the cloud. For realizing a decentralized system, there is a strong need to embed intelligence at the ‘edge of the network’. These intelligent devices, capable of sensing, local data processing and exerting control actions, report only actionable information to the cloud, acting as an edge control node. The system can then function autonomously, without constant cloud inputs, tolerating longer delays in communication, making the overall system ultra-low cost. The Global Asset Monitoring, Management and Analytics (GAMMA) Platform is a novel ultralow- cost, secure platform that operates through a Bluetooth based delay tolerant network. It relies on so-called ‘data mules’ to bridge the last mile connectivity gap in an inherently secure way. Due to this model, the platform requires no in-country certifications, does not rely on a dedicated backhaul technology and is immune to technology migration. This architecture also addresses some gaps identified in traditional IoT-based solutions in remote areas and sparse connectivity. A functional unit of the edge computing node has been built, taking into account various constraints like costs, customizations, data storage, cybersecurity and power management. Here, the platform has been built, deployed and has demonstrated distributed smart grid applications like power quality sensing, automated metering infrastructure and utility asset monitoring.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2012

Spinoff 2011

Topics include: Bioreactors Drive Advances in Tissue Engineering; Tooling Techniques Enhance Medical Imaging; Ventilator Technologies Sustain Critically Injured Patients; Protein Innovations Advance Drug Treatments, Skin Care; Mass Analyzers Facilitate Research on Addiction; Frameworks Coordinate Scientific Data Management; Cameras Improve Navigation for Pilots, Drivers; Integrated Design Tools Reduce Risk, Cost; Advisory Systems Save Time, Fuel for Airlines; Modeling Programs Increase Aircraft Design Safety; Fly-by-Wire Systems Enable Safer, More Efficient Flight; Modified Fittings Enhance Industrial Safety; Simulation Tools Model Icing for Aircraft Design; Information Systems Coordinate Emergency Management; Imaging Systems Provide Maps for U.S. Soldiers; High-Pressure Systems Suppress Fires in Seconds; Alloy-Enhanced Fans Maintain Fresh Air in Tunnels; Control Algorithms Charge Batteries Faster; Software Programs Derive Measurements from Photographs; Retrofits Convert Gas Vehicles into Hybrids; NASA Missions Inspire Online Video Games; Monitors Track Vital Signs for Fitness and Safety; Thermal Components Boost Performance of HVAC Systems; World Wind Tools Reveal Environmental Change; Analyzers Measure Greenhouse Gasses, Airborne Pollutants; Remediation Technologies Eliminate Contaminants; Receivers Gather Data for Climate, Weather Prediction; Coating Processes Boost Performance of Solar Cells; Analyzers Provide Water Security in Space and on Earth; Catalyst Substrates Remove Contaminants, Produce Fuel; Rocket Engine Innovations Advance Clean Energy; Technologies Render Views of Earth for Virtual Navigation; Content Platforms Meet Data Storage, Retrieval Needs; Tools Ensure Reliability of Critical Software; Electronic Handbooks Simplify Process Management; Software Innovations Speed Scientific Computing; Controller Chips Preserve Microprocessor Function; Nanotube Production Devices Expand Research Capabilities; Custom Machines Advance Composite Manufacturing; Polyimide Foams Offer Superior Insulation; Beam Steering Devices Reduce Payload Weight; Models Support Energy-Saving Microwave Technologies; Materials Advance Chemical Propulsion Technology; and High-Temperature Coatings Offer Energy Savings.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2018

Important Changes to User Access at the NASA CDDIS

The Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) supports data archiving and distribution activities for the space geodesy and geodynamics community. The main objectives of the system are to make space geodesy and geodynamics related data and derived products available in a central archive, to maintain information about the archival of these data, to disseminate these data and information in a timely manner to a global scientific research community, and to provide user based tools for the exploration and use of the archive. Since its inception, the user community has utilized anonymous ftp for accessing and downloading files from the CDDIS archive. Although this protocol allows users to easily automate file downloads, many organizations, data systems, and users have already migrated from ftp or are actively pursuing a move away from the protocol due to problems from a system and security standpoint. Furthermore, U.S. Government agencies have become increasingly concerned about this legacy protocol and ensuring data integrity for the user community have begun recently to disallow the use of the ftp protocol. The CDDIS, operated by NASA GSFC, must therefore address these concerns and provide alternative methods for access to its archive for continued easy and automated download of its contents. This poster will discuss the upcoming changes at CDDIS and provide examples on transitioning from anonymous ftp.

Noll, Carey E.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Use of Open Networks and Delay-Tolerant Protocol to Decrease WAN Latency of EOS near Real-Time Data

Since 1999, NASA's Earth Observing System Data Operations System (EDOS) project at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has provided high-rate data capture, level zero processing, and product distribution services for a majority of NASA's EOS (Earth Observing System) high-rate missions, including Terra, Aqua, Aura, ICESat, EO-1, SMAP, and OCO-2. EDOS high-rate science and engineering (150-300 Mbps) data-driven capture systems are deployed at 7 worldwide ground stations which are connected via both private (closed) and public (open) wide area networks (WANs) to the centralized EDOS Level Zero Processing Facility (LZPF) located at GSFC, where the data is processed and Level 0 products are distributed to users worldwide. All data transferred over the open networks to GSFC traverse an IPSec tunnel, providing the same level of security as a VPN connection. EDOS produces both time-based and near real-time products (session-based). Near real-time data products are produced from a single ground station contact; time-based products are produced from multiple ground station contacts. EDOS is the primary supplier of EOS Level 0 data to the NASA near real-time user community known as the Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE). For the past few years, EDOS has streamlined its systems to reduce WAN latency for near real-time data delivery, including implementing Quality of Service (QoS), expanding closed network bandwidth, adding open network connections with more bandwidth, and implementing a delay-tolerant protocol to mitigate long round-trip times to remote ground stations.

Delay-Tolerant Protocol↗
NASA NTRS2017

Digital Model-Based Engineering: Expectations, Prerequisites, and Challenges of Infusion

Digital model-based engineering (DMbE) is the use of digital artifacts, digital environments, and digital tools in the performance of engineering functions. DMbE is intended to allow an organization to progress from documentation-based engineering methods to digital methods that may provide greater flexibility, agility, and efficiency. The term 'DMbE' was developed as part of an effort by the Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Infusion Task team to identify what government organizations might expect in the course of moving to or infusing MBSE into their organizations. The Task team was established by the Interagency Working Group on Engineering Complex Systems, an informal collaboration among government systems engineering organizations. This Technical Memorandum (TM) discusses the work of the MBSE Infusion Task team to date. The Task team identified prerequisites, expectations, initial challenges, and recommendations for areas of study to pursue, as well as examples of efforts already in progress. The team identified the following five expectations associated with DMbE infusion, discussed further in this TM: (1) Informed decision making through increased transparency, and greater insight. (2) Enhanced communication. (3) Increased understanding for greater flexibility/adaptability in design. (4) Increased confidence that the capability will perform as expected. (5) Increased efficiency. The team identified the following seven challenges an organization might encounter when looking to infuse DMbE: (1) Assessing value added to the organization. Not all DMbE practices will be applicable to every situation in every organization, and not all implementations will have positive results. (2) Overcoming organizational and cultural hurdles. (3) Adopting contractual practices and technical data management. (4) Redefining configuration management. The DMbE environment changes the range of configuration information to be managed to include performance and design models, database objects, as well as more traditional book-form objects and formats. (5) Developing information technology (IT) infrastructure. Approaches to implementing critical, enabling IT infrastructure capabilities must be flexible, reconfigurable, and updatable. (6) Ensuring security of the single source of truth (7) Potential overreliance on quantitative data over qualitative data. Executable/ computational models and simulations generally incorporate and generate quantitative vice qualitative data. The Task team also developed several recommendations for government, academia, and industry, as discussed in this TM. The Task team recommends continuing beyond this initial work to further develop the means of implementing DMbE and to look for opportunities to collaborate and share best practices.

Hale, J. P.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Secure State Estimation with Asynchronous Measurements for Coordinated Cyber Attack Detection in Active Distribution Systems

Coordinated cyber attacks tamper with measurement data to disrupt the situational awareness of active distribution systems. Various sensors report measurements asynchronously at different rates, which introduces challenges during state estimation. In addition, this forces cyber intruders to exert greater effort to compromise multiple communication channels and launch coordinated attacks. Therefore, multi-channel and asynchronous measurements could be harnessed to develop more secure cyber defense strategies. In this paper, a prediction-correction-based multi-rate observer is designed to exploit the value of asynchronous measurements for the detection of coordinated false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, a time-function-dependent prediction-correction strategy is proposed to adjust the sampling interval for each sensor’s measurement. Then, an observer is designed based on the trade-off between estimation error and the optimal period of the most recent sampling instant, with the convergence of estimation error with the maximum permitted sampling interval. Moreover, the conditions for exponential stability are developed using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional technique. Next, a coordinated FDI attack detection strategy is developed based on the dual nonlinear minimization problem. The proposed attack detection and secure state estimation strategies are tested on the IEEE 13-node system. Simulation results show that these schemes are effective in enhancing attack detection based on asynchronous measurements or compromised data.

asynchronous measurements↗
DOE OSTI2023

Digital Twins for Nuclear Power Plants and Facilities

The nuclear digital twin (DT) is the virtual representation of a nuclear energy system across its lifecycle. The nuclear DT uses real-time information and other data sources to improve the process of design, licensing, construction, security, O&M, decommissioning, and waste disposal. By leveraging the knowledge base and experience from the past 40 years of LWR operation, the nuclear DT is helping to accelerate the development and deployment of advanced nuclear technology in areas of passive safety, new fuel forms, instrumentation, and reactor control. For the currently operating nuclear fleet, DTs are reducing the operational risks, increasing plant availability, increasing energy capability, and reducing electricity production costs. For advanced fission and fusion reactors, DTs are being used to design for passive safety and built-in security-by-design. Rapidly deployable small modular reactor (SMR) and microreactor designs compatible with modular construction techniques and advanced manufacturing will be the new normal, reducing the need for large capital expenditures and compressing construction schedules. In addition, lower operational and maintenance costs will be realized by reducing the complexity of operations, staffing needs, and maintenance-related activities.

Kropaczek, Dave↗
DOE OSTI2015

Cross section measurements at LANSCE for defense, science and applications

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) has three neutron sources that are used for nuclear science measurements. These sources are driven by an 800 MeV proton linear accelerator and cover an energy range from sub-thermal to hundreds of MeV. Research at the facilities is performed under the auspices of a US DOE user program under which research proposals are rated for merit by a program advisory committee and are scheduled based on merit and availability of beam time. A wide variety of instruments is operated at the neutron flight paths at LANSCE including neutron detector arrays, gamma-ray detector arrays, fission fragment detectors, and charged particle detectors. These instruments provide nuclear data for multiple uses that range from increasing knowledge in fundamental science to satisfying data needs for diverse applications such as nuclear energy, global security, and industrial applications. In addition, highlights of recent research related to cross sections measurements are presented, and future research initiatives are discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Frontiers and opportunities in bioenergy crop microbiome research networks

Researchers from across the four U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Centers engaged in a microbiome workshop that focused on identifying challenges and collaboration opportunities to better understand bioenergy-relevant plant–microbe interactions. The virtual workshop included hands-on educational sessions and a keynote address on current best practices in microbiome science and community microbiome standards, as well as breakout sessions aimed at identifying microbiome-related data and measurements that should be prioritized, opportunities for and barriers to integrating plant metabolites to microbiome research, and strategies for more effectively integrating microbiome data and processes into existing models. Based on participant discussion, key findings of the workshop were the need to prioritize scaling data sharing across BRCs and the broader research community and securing collaborative infrastructure in the areas of microbiome-ecosystem modeling and molecular plant-microbe interactions. This workshop review highlights additional main findings from this event, to encourage cross-site and more holistic meta-analyses while promoting wide scientific community engagement across plant microbiome sciences.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2017

DNA2FACE: An approach to correlating 3D facial structure and DNA

In this paper we introduce the concept of correlating genetic variations in an individual's specific genetic code (DNA) and facial morphology. This is the first step in the research effort to estimate facial appearance from DNA samples, which is gaining momentum within intelligence, law enforcement and national security communities. The dataset for the study consisting of genetic data and 3D facial scans (phenotype) data was obtained through the FaceBase Consortium. The proposed approach has three main steps: phenotype feature extraction from 3D face images, genotype feature extraction from a DNA sample, and genome-wide association analysis to determine genetic variations that contribute to facial structure and appearance. Results indicate that there exist significant correlations between genetic information and facial structure. We have identified 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e. genetic variations, that significantly contribute to facial structure and appearance. We conclude with a preliminary attempt at facial reconstruction from the genetic data and emphasize on the complexity of the problem and the challenges encountered.

Srinivas, Nisha↗
DOE OSTI2025

Privacy Preservation from High-Performance Computing to Autonomous Science [Industrial and Governmental Activities]

High-Performance Computing (HPC) and Leadership-Class Supercomputing are driving forces behind scientific advancements, enabling researchers to tackle complex challenges in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. These systems power vast simulations and data analyses, fueling discoveries in fields ranging from materials science to climate modeling. However, their use often involves processing sensitive data—such as proprietary industry simulations, biomedical records, and national security computations—posing significant privacy concerns. In conclusion, this issue is amplified in collaborative environments like Department of Energy (DOE) user facilities, where HPC resources are shared across institutions to foster innovation.

Kotevska, Olivera [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (↗
DOE OSTI2017

pnnl/safekit

Some of the most pressing machine learning applications such as cyber security and object recognition lack enough ground-truth training data to build a classifier. We solve this problem by using unsupervised deep learning techniques to determine when data were anomalous or deviated from the norm. Traditional methods require either specific context dependent expertise to construct models, or prior examples of events and large amounts of well-labeled data to perform machine learning. Some cutting-edge deep learning approaches have been used to characterize complex events, but these have not been applied to the streaming environment and require a great deal of data. We demonstrated the use of an autoencoder and relevant featurization techniques to both learn a feature space and then identify anomalous portions without the aid of labeled data or domain knowledge. In this way, we demonstrated the detection of anomalous features without domain knowledge or tagged examples, and delivered these features to users.

Central, PNNL Developer↗
DOE OSTI2020

Report on the deployment of the National Geothermal Data System 2.0

This reports includes a video description of recent upgrades and changes to the National Geothermal Data System (geothermaldata.org) and a text report of its relevant security upgrades. Improvements include a new operating system, implementation of HTTPS, implementation of a standard firewall, PostgreSQL upgrades, an ESRI ArcGIS server, new registration policies, and a non-public API.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

A Report on the Implementation of Smart Grids in Mexico

As part of Mexico's implementation of its constitutional energy reform and the transformation of its electric power industry, Mexico is addressing the central importance of a modernized grid. The energy sector reform laws establish a Smart Grid Program to make Mexico's power grid capable of meeting the country's lofty clean energy goals while improving efficiencies, maintaining system reliability, and increasing its security. Implementing Smart Grids in Mexico required a compilation of data and information from many sources that document Mexico's progress in implementing a Smart Grid. In this report, various knowledge experts contribute with an assessment on the topics of the legislation that created the sectoral transformation now underway; the state of smart grid technology in Mexico's power sector and the efforts undertaken to date; a review of policy in the power sector describing the development of the Smart Grid Implementation Plan by the Ministry of Energy; a review of Mexico's priorities for smart grid deployment; the mapping of several smart grid measures to the specific smart grid drivers; substantial detail from smart grid experts from NREL and from Swedish smart grid research centers describing smart grid measures to assist Mexico's move to a cleaner, more-efficient grid; institutional policies that are recommended for smart grid growth; discussion of some of the barriers to smart grid deployment, including cybersecurity concerns and consumer receptivity.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Sampling and Analysis Plan for USDOE/NNSA Pantex Plant Groundwater Remedial Action Progress

This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) was originally developed as part of the Remedial Design Submittal Package required by the Interagency Agreement (IAG) for the United States Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (USDOE/NNSA) Pantex Plant. The SAP describes specifications for data collection, methods of sample collection and analysis, and requirements for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) activities implemented during the life cycle of the program to ensure that data are of sufficient quality for their intended purpose (i.e., to support decision making regarding remediation of the groundwater beneath Pantex). The SAP was prepared according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance on preparation of Quality Assurance Project Plans (QAPPs) QA/R-5 (EPA, 2001) and is designed to be a stand-alone document that describes both field sampling activities as well as QA/QC activities. The SAP is incorporated by reference to the compliance plan provisions of Hazardous Waste Permit No. 50284, issued by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and was submitted as part of the Remedial Design/Remedial Action Work Plan submitted to EPA in accordance with the Interagency Agreement.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Hyperlight Energy 7342 10-26-19 (Final Report)

One of the principal issues preventing the widescale deployment of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies for power and process heat generation is the high cost per unit energy produced. While the operating expenses of a solar plant are often far less than those of a comparable natural gas plant due to zero fuel costs, the increased capital costs of the system, and the collector field in particular, are a significant barrier to project feasibility. Hyperlight Energy has been funded under the DOE COLLECTS program to further develop its novel Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) design to meet the DOE’s programmatic goal of creating a solar collector that has an installed cost of less than $\$$99/m2 with a pathway towards a future price of $\$$50/m2. Hyperlight Energy has a unique, inexpensive design featuring four-inch-wide mirror slats mounted on 48 ft long extruded plastic D-profile tubes. By removing the steel and concrete of a traditional collectors Hyperlight is able to drastically decrease the materials and fabrication costs of the primary reflectors. The goal of this project was to prove the manufacturability of these reflectors, install a half-acre system of the collector, and test the performance of the field to determine the actual cost of the energy produced by the solar field. During the course of the project the half-acre system was successfully manufactured and deployed at the company’s demonstration site in Brawley, CA. The total collector cost came in under the desired $\$$99/m2 goal and proved the feasibility of this new type of solar field. With further planned cost reductions the DOE’s ultimate goal of $\$$50/m2 appears to be achievable. The data generated from this project has already been sufficient to secure Hyperlight Energy’s first commercial project, and continued operations will help to validate the product’s lifespan and performance over time. This will provide invaluable support for future installations. Hyperlight Energy has won a contract for a three-acre commercial project, but the company plans to aggressively pursue multiple similar and larger-scale projects in the near future. At present, these projects will serve to replace natural gas fired boilers in industrial processes, reducing the emissions of the associated plants. In the future, potential project sites will expand to include enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and other uses in the transportation fuel pathway, leading to fuels with a lower carbon intensity (CI). This path will allow renewable energy to begin to make an impact on the industrial process heat sector, which is one the primary consumers of natural gas and other fossil fuels in the country, and which is beyond the scope of other existing renewable technologies that exclusively generate electricity. Only by replacing the fossil fuels burned in industrial processes will the DOE’s emissions goals be achieved.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Titan on the Red (advanced AI / ML system) [Slides]

Born out of a need to make LANL Weapons Program archival material available to scientists and engineers. Material is the end result of decades of consolidation of mini-libraries and mini archives at LANL. Latest consolidation brought together LANL’s digital archives and physical archives. This houses over 75 years of nuclear weapons research, designs, procedures, videos, photos, and other reports. For the Titan on the Red machine learning project, the system must be able to automatically extract metadata from digitized documents, perform natural-language search, enforce security classification and NTK protocols, be expandable to ingest various data stores (Online Vault, PDMLink, shared drives, SharePoint, etc.), and utilize commercial, public domain, and LANL ontologies.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2023

Advanced Reactor Cyber Analysis and Development Environment (ARCADE) for System-Level Design Analysis

Cybersecurity is a persistent concern to the safety and security of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), but has lacked data-driven, evidence-based research. Rigorous cybersecurity analysis is critical for the licensing of advanced reactors using a performance-based approach. One tool that enables cybersecurity analysis is modeling and simulation. The nuclear industry makes extensive use of modeling and simulation throughout the decision process but lacks a method to incorporate cybersecurity analysis with existing models. To meet this need, the Advanced Reactor Cyber Analysis and Development Environment (ARCADE) was developed. ARCADE is a suite of publicly available tools that can be used to develop emulations of industrial control system devices and networks and integrate those emulations with physics simulators. This integration of cyber emulations and physics models enables rigorous cyber-physical analysis of cyber-attacks on NPP systems. This report provides an overview of key considerations for using ARCADE with existing physics models and demonstrates ARCADE’s capabilities for cybersecurity analysis. Using a model of the Small Modular Advanced High Temperature Reactor (SmAHTR), ARCADE was able to determine the sensitivity of the primary heat exchangers (PHX) to coordinated cyber-attacks. The analysis determined that while the PHX’s failures cause disruption to the reactor, they did not cause any safety limits to be exceeded because of the plant design, including passive safety features. Further development of ARCADE will enable rigorous, repeatable, and automated cyber-physical analysis of advanced reactor control systems. These efforts will also help reduce regulatory uncertainty by presenting similar types of cybersecurity analyses in a common format, driving standard approaches and reporting.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗