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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,135 records · Page 63
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Synthesis, microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3}@SiO{sub 2} core–shell particles and Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} soft magnetic composite core

Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3}@SiO{sub 2} core–shell particles and Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} soft magnetic composite core have been synthesized via a modified stöber method combined with following high temperature sintering process. Most of conductive Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3} particles could be uniformly coated by insulating SiO{sub 2} using the modified stöber method. The Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3}@SiO{sub 2} core–shell particles exhibited good soft magnetic properties with low coercivity and high saturation magnetization. The reaction 4Al+3SiO{sub 2}=2α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}+3Si took place during the sintering process. As a result the new Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite was formed. The Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite core displayed more excellent soft magnetic properties, better frequency stability at high frequencies, much higher electrical resistivity and lower core loss than the pure Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3} core. The method of introducing insulating layers surrounding magnetic particles provides a promising route to develop new and high compact soft magnetic materials with good magnetic and electric properties. - Graphical abstract: In Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite, Fe{sub 3}Si phases are separated by Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} layers and the eddy currents are confined in Fe{sub 3}Si phases, thus increasing resistivity and reducing core loss. - Highlights: • Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3}@SiO{sub 2} core–shell particles and Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} cores were prepared. • Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3} particles could be uniformly coated by nano-sized SiO{sub 2} clusters. • Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3}@SiO{sub 2} particles and Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} cores showed good soft magnetic properties. • Fe{sub 3}Si/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} had lower core loss and better frequency stability than Fe{sub 3}Si{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3} cores.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Low-temperature variation of magnetic order in a nonmagnetic n-Ge:As semiconductor in the vicinity of the metal-insulator phase transition

The phenomenon of the low-temperature transition from antiferro- to ferromagnetic ordering of impurity spins in a nonmagnetic compensated n-Ge:As semiconductor near the metal-insulator phase transformation has been experimentally observed. The effect is manifested by rather sharp changes in the spin density and g-factor in the electron spin resonance spectra. As the relative content of a compensating impurity (gallium) is reduced below 0.7, the transition temperature begins to decrease and, at a degree of compensation below 0.3, drops below the studied temperature range (i.e., below 2 K).

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Correlating melting and collapse of charge ordering with magnetic transitions in La{sub 0.5-x}Pr{sub x}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3}

Highlights: • Concept of normalized magnetization is introduced to explain relative magnetic transitions. • Coexistence of two magnetic modes is correlated with the magnetic transitions and MIT. • Field induced melting and collapse of charge ordered antiferromagnetic (CO-AFM) state into ferromagnetic (FM) state is conferred. - Abstract: The magnetic properties of polycrystalline La{sub 0.5-x}Pr{sub x}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} material are investigated at different temperatures. The existence of magnetically diverse phases associated with various relaxation modes and their modulation with temperature and doping is analyzed. La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} exhibited field induced melting and collapse of charge ordered antiferromagnetic (CO-AFM) phase into ferromagnetic (FM) state. This phenomenon results in lowering of Neel’s temperature (T{sub N}) along with changes in the slope of magnetic moment with temperature. Using normalized M(T) curves, the variation and interplay of charge ordered temperature (T{sub CO}), Curie temperature (T{sub C}) and T{sub N} is conferred. The coexistence of two magnetic modes is explained as major ingredient for the magnetic transitions as well as metal to insulator transition (MIT); where melting and collapse of charge ordering is conversed as basic feature in these Praseodymium (Pr) doped La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Observation of the Zero Hall Plateau in a Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator

We report experimental investigations on the quantum phase transition between the two opposite Hall plateaus of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator. We observe a well-defined plateau with zero Hall conductivity over a range of magnetic field around coercivity when the magnetization reverses. The features of the zero Hall plateau are shown to be closely related to that of the quantum anomalous Hall effect, but its temperature evolution exhibits a significant difference from the network model for a conventional quantum Hall plateau transition. We propose that the chiral edge states residing at the magnetic domain boundaries, which are unique to a quantum anomalous Hall insulator, are responsible for the novel features of the zero Hall plateau.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Detection of Surface States in Bi{sub 2 –} {sub x}Sb{sub x}Te{sub 3 –} {sub y}Se{sub y} Topological Insulators by Magnetotransport Measurements

In this paper, we studied the effect of the magnetic field and temperature on conductivity of Bi{sub 2 ‒} {sub x}Sb{sub x}Te{sub 3 –} {sub y}Se{sub y} topological insulators of different composition to identify electronic surface states in these films. The experimental data can be explained based on the model with two types of charge carriers. Thermoactivation conductivity, electron or hole, is observed in the film bulk depending on the sample composition while metal-like electronic states are found on the surface. The noticeable contribution of surface topological states to the total conductivity opens up the possibility of studying them.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Toward the Mott state with magnetic cluster formation in heavily Cu-doped NaFe 1 - x Cu x As

Recent neutron scattering measurements imply that NaFe$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$As forms an antiferromagnetic stripe phase near $x\approx 0.5$ in a Mott insulating state. This copper concentration is well in excess of that required for superconductivity, $x < 0.04$. We have investigated the development of magnetism in this compound using $^{23}$Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and spin-lattice relaxation measurements performed on single crystals ($x$ = 0.13, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.39). We find multiple inequivalent Na sites, each of which is associated with a different number of nearest neighbor Fe sites occupied by a Cu dopant. We show that the distribution of Cu substituted for Fe is random in-plane for low concentrations ($x = 0.13$ and 0.18), but deviates from this with increasing Cu doping. As is characteristic of many pnictide compounds, there is a spin pseudo gap that increases in magnitude with dopant concentration. This is correlated with a corresponding increase in orbital NMR frequency shift indicating a change in valence from Cu$^{2+}$ to a Cu$^{1+}$ state as $x$ exceeds 0.18, concomitant with the change of Fe$^{2+}$ to Fe$^{3+}$ resulting in the formation of magnetic clusters. Yet, for $x\leq 0.39$ there is no evidence of long-range static magnetic order.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Unusual high-field metal in a Kondo insulator

Strong electronic interactions in condensed-matter systems often lead to unusual quantum phases. One such phase occurs in the Kondo insulator YbB12, the insulating state of which exhibits phenomena that are characteristic of metals, such as magnetic quantum oscillations, a gapless fermionic contribution to heat capacity and itinerant-fermion thermal transport. To understand these phenomena, it is informative to study their evolution as the energy gap of the Kondo insulator state is closed by a large magnetic field. Here we show that clear quantum oscillations are observed in the resulting high-field metallic state in YbB12; this is despite it possessing relatively high resistivity, large effective masses and huge Kadowaki–Woods ratio, a combination that normally precludes quantum oscillations. Both quantum oscillation frequency and cyclotron mass display a strong field dependence. By tracking the Fermi surface area, we conclude that the same quasiparticle band gives rise to quantum oscillations in both insulating and metallic states. These data are understood most simply by using a two-fluid picture in which neutral quasiparticles—contributing little or nothing to charge transport—coexist with charged fermions. Overall, our observations of the complex field-dependent behaviour of the fermion ensemble inhabiting YbB 12 provide strong constraints for existing theoretical models.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Edge Channel Transmission through a Quantum Point Contact in the Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator Cadmium Arsenide

Cadmium arsenide (Cd 3 As 2 ) thin films feature a two-dimensional topological insulator (2D TI) phase for certain thicknesses, which theoretically hosts a set of counterpropagating helical edge states that are characteristic of a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator. In devices containing electrostatically defined junctions and for magnetic fields below a critical value, chiral edge modes of the quantum Hall effect can coexist with QSH-like edge modes. In this work, we use a quantum point contact (QPC) device to characterize edge modes in the 2D TI phase of Cd 3 As 2 and to understand how they can be controllably transmitted, which is important for use in future quantum interference devices. We investigate equilibration among both types of modes and find non-spin-selective equilibration. We also demonstrate the effect of the magnetic field on suppressing equilibration. We discuss the potential role of QSH-like modes in a transmission pathway that precludes full pinch-off.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo Benchmarking of Magnetic Moments in MnBi 2 Te 4

The intrinsically antiferromagnetic topological insulator, MnBi 2 Te 4 (MBT), has garnered significant attention recently due to its potential to host numerous exotic topological quantum states. Unfortunately, their consistent realization has been hindered by intrinsic antisite defects among the Mn and Bi sublattices. In this work, we establish Mn magnetization of pristine MBT through high level diffusion Monte Carlo calculations, which can serve as a precise starting point for various models to estimate antisite defect concentrations in actual MBT samples. The benchmark quality of DMC calculations is further identified from out model estimating antisite defect concentrations, which combines the benchmarked Mn magnetization with data from magnetic susceptibility and intermediate field magnetization measurements. This reproduces well Bi Mn and Mn Bi concentrations measured in the experiments. Here, we anticipate these theoretically based magnetic purity measures may be used as minimization targets in cycles of refinement to synthesize MBT with low antisite defect concentrations and more reproducible topological properties.

Defects↗
DOE OSTI2017

Bond patterns and charge-order amplitude in quarter-filled charge-transfer solids

Most quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) quarter-filled organic charge-transfer solids (CTS) with insulating ground states have two thermodynamic transitions: a high-temperature metal-insulator transition followed by a low-temperature magnetic transition. This sequence of transitions can be understood within the 1D Peierls-extended Hubbard (PEH) model. However, in some quasi-1D CTS both transitions occur simultaneously in a direct metal to spin-gapped insulator transition. In this second class of materials the organic stack bond distortion pattern does not follow the pattern of a second dimerization of a dimer lattice. These materials also display charge ordering of a large amplitude below the transition. Using quantum Monte Carlo methods we show that the same PEH model can be used to understand both classes of materials, however, within different parameter regions. We discuss the relevance of our work to experiments on several quarter-filled conductors, focusing in particular on the materials (EDO-TTF) 2 X and (DMEDO-TTF) 2 X.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Insulating state to quantum Hall-like state transition in a spin-orbit-coupled two-dimensional electron system

We study interference and interactions in an InAs/InAsSb two-dimensional electron system. In such a system, spin-orbit interactions are shown to be strong, which result in weak antilocalization (WAL) and thereby positive magnetoresistance around zero magnetic field. After suppressing WAL by the magnetic field, we demonstrate that classical positive magnetoresistance due to spin-orbit coupling plays a role. With further increasing the magnetic field, the system undergoes a direct insulator-quantum Hall transition. By analyzing the magnetotransport behavior in different field regions, we show that both electron-electron interactions and spin-related effects are essential in understanding the observed direct transition.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Voltage-induced magnetic domain evolution in a phase-change material

Applying voltage to metal–insulator transition (MIT) materials allows electrical actuation of the local electronic phase state. In MIT systems that have the electronic order coupled with the magnetic order, voltage switching of the electronic phase state can also enable the electrical manipulation of magnetic properties. In this work, we utilized x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) to investigate the control of magnetic domain configurations in ferromagnetic MIT electrical switches. For applied voltages above a threshold value, the XMCD-PEEM images show that the magnetic domains separate into two distinct regions: one with a high contrast (white/black), indicating well-defined micrometer-scale magnetic domains with a component of their magnetization aligned parallel/antiparallel to the x-ray helicity, and the other with different shades of intermediate contrast (gray). Significant changes in magnetic domain configurations upon voltage biasing were only observed in these gray regions. Furthermore, the voltage-induced magnetic domain separation was found to be bias polarity-dependent, with the gray regions expanding from the opposite sample edge when the applied voltage polarity was reversed. This polarity-dependent electrical control of magnetic domain configurations during the MIT switching opens alternative opportunities in memory applications for magnetic MIT switching materials.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

First-Principle Studies of Ferrimagnetic Double Perovskite Ca{sub 2}FeMoO{sub 6} Compound

Using first-principle calculations, the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the Ca{sub 2}FeMoO{sub 6} double perovskite compound is investigated. Different spin-ordering: ferrimagnetic (FiM), ferromagnetic (FM), and anti-ferromagnetic (AFM1 and AFM2) using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA + U (Hubbard Coulomb onsite correction) are evaluated to determine the theoretical ground state. The value of the Hubbard Coulomb U parameter is varied from 1 to 4 eV. The ground state is found to be a FM spin-ordering within the GGA approach and FiM spin-ordering within the GGA + U approach (where U ≥ 3 eV) which is the experimental preferred configuration. We obtain the FiM spin-ordered half semiconducting state within the GGA + U approach for the Ca{sub 2}FeMoO{sub 6} compound. Within the GGA + U (where U ≥ 3 eV) approach, the FM phase maintains a half-metallic character with a net magnetic moment of 4 0 μ{sub B}, whereas the FiM phase have a spin gapless semiconducting (SGS) behavior at U = 3 eV, and an insulating character at U = 4 eV, with a net magnetic moment of 4 0 μ{sub B}. The main features found in the density of states profile show that the hybridization of the Fe and Mo d orbitals play an important role in determining the electronic and magnetic character of this compound.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Prospects of nanostructures Bi{sub 1-x}Sb{sub x} for thermoelectricity

It has been predicted that surface states of topological insulators have large a thermopower and also ultrahigh mobilities. The authors report results of a magneto-thermoelectric investigation of single crystal Bi{sub 1-x}Sb{sub x} nanowires in a glass cover with diameters ranging from 90 nm to 5 {mu}m. The wide-ranging antimony concentration enabled us to study the effect of nanowire dimensionality in the semimetal, semi-conductor and gapless regimes. Quantum size effects in Bi-2 at%Sb nanowires, which are shown in temperature dependences of resistance R(T) and thermopower {alpha}(T) for the diameters significantly higher than the critical diameter for pure Bi-wires, are observed. The thermopower in weak magnetic fields, reaches values +400 {mu}V/K at T=20-40 K. Power factor {alpha}{sup 2}{sigma} depending on diameter of wires, structure, temperature and magnetic field is calculated. In connection with topological insulators, we will discuss the surface effect in the thermoelectric properties that we observe. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependences of resistance R{sub T}/R{sub 300}(T) (a) for Bi-2 at%Sb wires various diameters d: 1-d=300 nm, 2-d=400 nm, 3-d=600 nm, 4-d=1600 nm. Inset (a) SEM cross sectional image of the 650 nm Bi-2 at%Sb wire (clear) in glass envelope (gray). The magnetic field dependences thermopower (H Double-Vertical-Line {Delta}T) (b) Bi-2 at%Sb wires, with different diameters: (1). d=300 nm, (2). d=400 nm, (3). d=600 nm, T=26 K. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer SMSC transition in semimetal Bi-Sb wires due to the quantum size effect is observed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In Bi-6 at%Sb wires alloys has been realized the gapless (GL) state. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In the area GS state abnormal growth thermopower in magnetic fields is found out. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Semiconductor Bi{sub 1-x} Sb{sub x} nanowires manifest properties of the topological insulators.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Energy relaxation in a quantum dot at the edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator

The calculation of energy relaxation rates due to transitions involving phonons is performed for quantum dots of varying size which are formed by magnetic barriers at the edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator based on a HgTe/CdTe quantum well. Relaxation both into the discrete and continuous spectrum of edge states is considered, as well as into the continuous spectrum of the bulk material. The obtained results demonstrate the existence of a region of system parameters which provide relatively slow energy relaxation, indicating that the considered objects are promising, e.g., for the design of novel types of solid state qubits.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Quantum anomalous Hall insulator phases in Fe-doped GaBi honeycomb

We discuss electronic and magnetic properties of the Fe-doped GaBi honeycomb using first principles calculations. Our analysis shows that the pristine GaBi honeycomb transitions from being a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator to a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator when it is doped with one Fe atom in a 4 × 4 GaBi honeycomb. Additionally, the QAH phase in Fe-doped GaBi is found to be robust in that it maintains its Chern number (C = 1) under fairly large strains (~ 4%) and supports a gap as large as 112 meV at 2.21% strain. The QAH phase is also retained when the Fe-doped GaBi is placed on a CdTe substrate, suggesting that Fe-doped GaBi films could be useful for spintronics applications.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

The characteristic of evaporative cooling magnet for ECRIS

Compared with traditional de-ionized pressurized-water cooled magnet of ECRIS, evaporative cooling magnet has some special characteristics, such as high cooling efficiency, simple maintenance, and operation. The analysis is carried out according to the design and operation of LECR4 (Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source No. 4, since July 2013), whose magnet is cooled by evaporative cooling technology. The insulation coolant replaces the de-ionized pressurized-water to absorb the heat of coils, and the physical and chemical properties of coolant remain stable for a long time with no need for purification or filtration. The coils of magnet are immersed in the liquid coolant. For the higher cooling efficiency of coolant, the current density of coils can be greatly improved. The heat transfer process executes under atmospheric pressure, and the temperature of coils is lower than 70 °C when the current density of coils is 12 A/mm{sup 2}. On the other hand, the heat transfer temperature of coolant is about 50 °C, and the heat can be transferred to fresh air which can save cost of water cooling system. Two years of LECR4 stable operation show that evaporative cooling technology can be used on magnet of ECRIS, and the application advantages are very obvious.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2017

Evolution of Landau levels in graphene-based topological insulators in the presence of wedge disclinations

In this paper we consider modification of electronic properties of graphene-based topological insulator in the presence of wedge disclination and magnetic field by adopting the Kane–Mele model with intrinsic spin–orbit coupling. Using the properly defined Dirac–Weyl equation for this system, an exact solution for the Landau levels is obtained. The influence of the topological defect on the evolution of Landau levels is discussed. - Highlights: • Landau levels in graphene-based topological insulator. • Graphene-based topological insulator in the presence of disclination. • Kane–Mele model in topological insulator with wedge disclination.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗