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At least 1,153 records · Page 64

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NASA NTRS1990

High-order neural models for error correcting code

The decoding and error-correction of data transmitted over a noisy channel is in principle equivalent to the operation of a neural network performing as a content-addressable memory. For a successful application, however, the neural network has to be capable of storing arbitrary words, and it has to be guaranteed that the stored words represent the only stable attractors of the memory. This paper presents a novel high-order neural network architecture that has these characteristics. The analog nature of the network can be used to perform soft-decision decoding with any block code. The performance in terms of postdecoding bit error rate versus SNR is demonstrated for two exemplary block codes. The comparison with a conventional decoding algorithm for a (15,5) cyclic redundancy code shows, for example, that the bit error rate at 7dB SNR can be decreased by two orders of magnitude.

Jeffries, Clark↗

NASA NTRS1991

Implementation of wall boundary conditions for transpiration in F3D thin-layer Navier-Stokes code

Numerical boundary conditions for mass injection/suction at the wall are incorporated in the thin-layer Navier-Stokes code, F3D. The accuracy of the boundary conditions and the code is assessed by a detailed comparison of the predictions of velocity distributions and skin-friction coefficients with exact similarity solutions for laminar flow over a flat plate with variable blowing/suction, and measurements for turbulent flow past a flat plate with uniform blowing. In laminar flow, F3D predictions for friction coefficient compare well with exact similarity solution with and without suction, but produces large errors at moderate-to-large values of blowing. A slight Mach number dependence of skin-friction coefficient due to blowing in turbulent flow is computed by F3D code. Predicted surface pressures for turbulent flow past an airfoil with mass injection are in qualitative agreement with measurements for a flat plate.

Kandula, M.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Panel-Method Computer Code For Potential Flow

Low-order panel method used to reduce computation time. Panel code PMARC (Panel Method Ames Research Center) numerically simulates flow field around or through complex three-dimensional bodies such as complete aircraft models or wind tunnel. Based on potential-flow theory. Facilitates addition of new features to code and tailoring of code to specific problems and computer-hardware constraints. Written in standard FORTRAN 77.

Ashby, Dale L.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Entropy-Based Bounds On Redundancies Of Huffman Codes

Report presents extension of theory of redundancy of binary prefix code of Huffman type which includes derivation of variety of bounds expressed in terms of entropy of source and size of alphabet. Recent developments yielded bounds on redundancy of Huffman code in terms of probabilities of various components in source alphabet. In practice, redundancies of optimal prefix codes often closer to 0 than to 1.

Smyth, Padhraic J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

On the symbolic manipulation and code generation for elasto-plastic material matrices

A computerized procedure for symbolic manipulations and FORTRAN code generation of an elasto-plastic material matrix for finite element applications is presented. Special emphasis is placed on expression simplifications during intermediate derivations, optimal code generation, and interface with the main program. A systematic procedure is outlined to avoid redundant algebraic manipulations. Symbolic expressions of the derived material stiffness matrix are automatically converted to RATFOR code which is then translated into FORTRAN statements through a preprocessor. To minimize the interface problem with the main program, a template file is prepared so that the translated FORTRAN statements can be merged into the file to form a subroutine (or a submodule). Three constitutive models; namely, von Mises plasticity, Drucker-Prager model, and a concrete plasticity model, are used as illustrative examples.

Chang, T. Y.↗

NASA NTRS1991

A computer code for multiphase all-speed transient flows in complex geometries. MAST version 1.0

The operation of the MAST code, which computes transient solutions to the multiphase flow equations applicable to all-speed flows, is described. Two-phase flows are formulated based on the Eulerian-Lagrange scheme in which the continuous phase is described by the Navier-Stokes equation (or Reynolds equations for turbulent flows). Dispersed phase is formulated by a Lagrangian tracking scheme. The numerical solution algorithms utilized for fluid flows is a newly developed pressure-implicit algorithm based on the operator-splitting technique in generalized nonorthogonal coordinates. This operator split allows separate operation on each of the variable fields to handle pressure-velocity coupling. The obtained pressure correction equation has the hyperbolic nature and is effective for Mach numbers ranging from the incompressible limit to supersonic flow regimes. The present code adopts a nonstaggered grid arrangement; thus, the velocity components and other dependent variables are collocated at the same grid. A sequence of benchmark-quality problems, including incompressible, subsonic, transonic, supersonic, gas-droplet two-phase flows, as well as spray-combustion problems, were performed to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the present code.

Chen, C. P.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Subband coding for image data archiving

The use of subband coding on image data is discussed. An overview of subband coding is given. Advantages of subbanding for browsing and progressive resolution are presented. Implementations for lossless and lossy coding are discussed. Algorithm considerations and simple implementations of subband are given.

Glover, D.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Rate 8/9 coded 8-PSK system for downlink applications

An advanced Coded Trellis Modulation (CTM) System which achieves a 2 bits/s/Hz bandwidth efficiency at an information rate of 200 Mbit/s while minimizing satellite power requirements, was developed for downlink earth station applications. The CTM system employs a high-speed rate 8/9 convolutional code with Viterbi decoding and an 8-Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modem. The minimum Euclidean distance between the modulated waveforms corresponding to the information sequences are maximized in order to maximize the noise immunity of the system. Nyquist filters with a square-root of 40 percent roll-off are used at the transmit and receive sides of the modem in order to minimize intersymbol interference, adjacent channel interference, and distortion at the nonlinear satellite power amplifier. The use of a coded system here also minimizes the effects of co-channel interference. The developed performance of the hardware system was measured to achieve within 1.5 dB from theory at a bit error rate of 5 x 10(exp -7) over an additive white Gaussian noise channel.

Fang, Russell↗

NASA NTRS1991

An edge preserving differential image coding scheme

Differential encoding techniques are fast and easy to implement. However, a major problem with the use of differential encoding for images is the rapid edge degradation encountered when using such systems. This makes differential encoding techniques of limited utility especially when coding medical or scientific images, where edge preservation is of utmost importance. We present a simple, easy to implement differential image coding system with excellent edge preservation properties. The coding system can be used over variable rate channels which makes it especially attractive for use in the packet network environment.

Rost, Martin C.↗

NASA NTRS1991

A hybrid LBG/lattice vector quantizer for high quality image coding

It is well known that a vector quantizer is an efficient coder offering a good trade-off between quantization distortion and bit rate. The performance of a vector quantizer asymptotically approaches the optimum bound with increasing dimensionality. A vector quantized image suffers from the following types of degradations: (1) edge regions in the coded image contain staircase effects, (2) quasi-constant or slowly varying regions suffer from contouring effects, and (3) textured regions lose details and suffer from granular noise. All three of these degradations are due to the finite size of the code book, the distortion measures used in the design, and due to the finite training procedure involved in the construction of the code book. In this paper, we present an adaptive technique which attempts to ameliorate the edge distortion and contouring effects.

Ramamoorthy, V.↗

NASA NTRS1990

A satellite mobile communication system based on Band-Limited Quasi-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (BLQS-CDMA)

Discussed here is a new approach to code division multiple access applied to a mobile system for voice (and data) services based on Band Limited Quasi Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (BLQS-CDMA). The system requires users to be chip synchronized to reduce the contribution of self-interference and to make use of voice activation in order to increase the satellite power efficiency. In order to achieve spectral efficiency, Nyquist chip pulse shaping is used with no detection performance impairment. The synchronization problems are solved in the forward link by distributing a master code, whereas carrier forced activation and closed loop control techniques have been adopted in the return link. System performance sensitivity to nonlinear amplification and timing/frequency synchronization errors are analyzed.

Degaudenzi, R.↗

NASA NTRS1990

A user guide for the EMTAC-MZ CFD code

The computer code (EMTAC-MZ) was applied to investigate the flow field over a variety of very complex three-dimensional (3-D) configurations across the Mach number range (subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flow). In the code, a finite volume, multizone implementation of high accuracy, total variation diminishing (TVD) formulation (based on Roe's scheme) is used to solve the unsteady Euler equations. In the supersonic regions of the flow, an infinitely large time step and a space-marching scheme is employed. A finite time step and a relaxation or 3-D approximate factorization method is used in subsonic flow regions. The multizone technique allows very complicated configurations to be modeled without geometry modifications, and can easily handle combined internal and external flow problems. An elliptic grid generation package is built into the EMTAC-MZ code. To generate the computational grid, only the surface geometry data are required. Results obtained for a variety of configurations, such as fighter-like configurations (F-14, AVSTOL), flow through inlet, multi-bodies (shuttle with external tank and SRBs), are reported and shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data.

Szema, Kuo-Yen↗

NASA NTRS1991

Development of a shock noise prediction code for high-speed helicopters - The subsonically moving shock

A previously defined airfoil subsonic shock-noise prediction formula whose result depends on a mapping of the time-dependent shock surface to a time-independent computational domain is presently coded and incorporated in the NASA-Langley rotor-noise prediction code, WOPWOP. The structure and algorithms used in the shock-noise prediction code are presented; special care has been taken to reduce computation time while maintaining accuracy. Numerical examples of shock-noise prediction are presented for hover and forward flight. It is confirmed that shock noise is an important component of the quadrupole source.

Tadghighi, H.↗

NASA NTRS1992

An edge preserving differential image coding scheme

Differential encoding techniques are fast and easy to implement. However, a major problem with the use of differential encoding for images is the rapid edge degradation encountered when using such systems. This makes differential encoding techniques of limited utility, especially when coding medical or scientific images, where edge preservation is of utmost importance. A simple, easy to implement differential image coding system with excellent edge preservation properties is presented. The coding system can be used over variable rate channels, which makes it especially attractive for use in the packet network environment.

Rost, Martin C.↗

NASA NTRS1992

A more accurate nonequilibrium air radiation code - NEQAIR second generation

Two experiments, one an equilibrium flow in a plasma torch at Stanford, the other a nonequilibrium flow in a SDIO/IST Bow-Shock-Ultra-Violet missile flight, have provided the basis for modifying, enhancing, and testing the well-known radiation code, NEQAIR. The original code, herein termed NEQAIR1, lacked computational efficiency, accurate data for some species and the flexibility to handle a variety of species. The modified code, herein termed NEQAIR2, incorporates recent findings in the spectroscopic and radiation models. It can handle any number of species and radiative bands in a gas whose thermodynamic state can be described by up to four temperatures. It provides a new capability of computing very fine spectra in a reasonable CPU time, while including transport phenomena along the line of sight and the characteristics of instruments that were used in the measurements. Such a new tool should allow more accurate testing and diagnosis of the different physical models used in numerical simulations of radiating, low density, high energy flows.

Moreau, Stephane↗

NASA NTRS1987

Overview of hypersonic CFD code calibration studies

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: definitions of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code validation; climate in hypersonics and LaRC when first 'designed' CFD code calibration studied was initiated; methodology from the experimentalist's perspective; hypersonic facilities; measurement techniques; and CFD code calibration studies.

Miller, Charles G.↗

NASA NTRS1993

System Measures Errors Between Time-Code Signals

System measures timing errors between signals produced by three asynchronous time-code generators. Errors between 1-second clock pulses resolved to 2 microseconds. Basic principle of computation of timing errors as follows: central processing unit in microcontroller constantly monitors time data received from time-code generators for changes in 1-second time-code intervals. In response to any such change, microprocessor buffers count of 16-bit internal timer.

Cree, David↗

NASA NTRS1991

Documentation of the detailed radiation property data for the radiation-ablation code RASLE

This report is a documentation of the necessary radiation property input data for the radiating shock layer simulation code RASLE. The tabulated data are required to simulate systems which are composed of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and silicon. These data are needed to compute the flowfield effects of many practical ablative, hypersonic vehicle heat shield materials. A brief outline description is provided for the RASLE code. A more detailed discussion is provided for the RASLE code non-grey gas spectral radiation model. This model is related to the required radiation property data which are tabulated at the end of the report. Other correlations needed for the RASLE simulations are not discussed, since these are automatically included in the program and no input data are required.

Henline, William D.↗