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Investigating sol–gel matrix loading capacity toward producing surrogate nuclear explosive debris with realistic composition
Post detonation nuclear forensic materials which resemble the size, color, elemental composition, and radionuclide content of real nuclear debris would be valuable for developing and validating new nuclear forensic techniques. As nuclear fallout types vary significantly, the ability to tailor each of these parameters accurately is desired to produce materials capable of testing analytical methods under a wide array of forensic scenarios. Sol–gel synthesis techniques can provide tunability of size, shape and composition for producing a wide variety of solid nuclear forensics benchmarking materials. Further, the sol–gel process consists of forming a metal oxide material, often silica, through polymerization of a metal-alkoxy precursor. In this work, we characterize the ability to load sol–gel particles with secondary elemental components such as iron, aluminum, and calcium toward producing benchmarking materials approximating the elemental composition of historic nuclear debris from the Nevada National Security Site. We also demonstrate quantitative radionuclide encapsulation toward producing benchmarking materials with controllable radionuclide content. Finally, we employ these techniques to produce nuclear debris benchmarking materials with controllable elemental matrix composition and radionuclide content and compare these samples with the composition of a historic fallout sample previously reported from the Nevada National Security Site.
Investigation of High-Intensity Ion Beam Generation in the Diode with External Magnetic Insulation and Explosive Plasma Emission Source
The ion B{sub r}-diode in which plasma is generated under the action of a negative pre-pulse voltage is presented. Preliminary plasma formation allows the energy released in the diode during a positive voltage pulse to be increased. The high-energy ion beam parameters are investigated for the magnetic field induction changing from 0.8В{sub cr} to 1.7B{sub cr}.
Nuclear Techniques to Detect Explosives
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Deflagration-to-detonation transition in hot HMX and HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives
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Direct observation of frictional ignition in dropped HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives
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Influence of initial density on detonation propagation in a TATB-based high explosive
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A density- and composition-aware model for detonation propagation in the TATB-based explosive PBX 9502
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New insights on entrainment and condensation in volcanic plumes: Constraints from independent observations of explosive eruptions and implications for assessing their impacts
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Experimental study on explosion characteristics of DME-blended LPG mixtures in a closed vessel
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